Ground temperature data of Barter Island bluffs collected in 2016

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Neil Foley
Originator: Slawek Tulaczyk
Originator: Ferdinand K.J. Oberle
Originator: Cordell D. Johnson
Originator: Peter W. Swarzenski
Originator: Bruce M. Richmond
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Li H. Erikson
Originator: Tom D. Lorenson
Publication_Date: 20260422
Title:
Ground temperature data of Barter Island bluffs collected in 2016
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P13OM8JN
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested Citation: Foley, N., Tulaczyk, S., Oberle, F.K.J., Johnson, C.D., Swarzenski, P., Richmond, B.M., Gibbs, A., Erikson, L., and Lorenson, T. 2026, Ground temperature data of Barter Island bluffs collected in 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13OM8JN.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13OM8JN
Description:
Abstract:
Thermistor strings with sensors spaced at 25-centimeter intervals were installed in three boreholes extending from the ground surface to depths of up to 4.25 meters at Barter Island, Alaska. The sites were located near the bluff edge overlooking the open Beaufort Sea coast. Temperature measurements were programmed to be collected hourly from late spring through early fall in 2016 (May 31 to September 15). Because the solar- and battery-powered instrument occasionally experienced limited power availability, the dataset contains some gaps.
Purpose:
This product was created to help advance understanding thermal exchange processes in permafrost bluffs; the data can be used to understand speed of active layer development and to calibrate or validate models of thermodenudation. This product is intended for reuse by scientists, managers, and the public.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activity or activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-645-FA Work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards Program and University of California Santa Cruz. For more information on these efforts, see https://www.usgs.gov/supplemental-appropriations-for-disaster-recovery-activities/typhoon-merbok-coastal-community. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20160531
Ending_Date: 20160915
Currentness_Reference: Ground condition at time data were collected
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.689379
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.648714
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.133852
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.131969
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:28e6b991-8ec5-4ab8-b515-cc9cdf62c767
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: shore
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: borehole temperature logging
Theme_Keyword: permafrost
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: bluff
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: State of Alaska
Place_Keyword: Barter Island
Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: GroundTemperatureData_BIlocations.png
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Satellite image showing the locations where elevation data were collected. Basemaps: Microsoft Virtual Earth and Google Earth imagery.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Trimble Business Center, National Geodetic Survey Online Positioning User Service (https://geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS/)
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal accuracy assessment was performed.
Logical_Consistency_Report: All data fall within expected ranges.
Completeness_Report:
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Because the solar- and battery-powered instrument occasionally experienced limited power availability, the dataset contains some gaps.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Point locations were collected with a handheld Garmin GPSMAP 76CS receiver using differential correction. According to manufacturer specifications, positional accuracy with differential correction is typically 3 to 5 meters at 95 percent confidence using United States Coast Guard differential correction, and less than 3 meters at 95 percent confidence using Wide Area Augmentation System correction.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The thermistor string was assembled with temperature sensors spaced 25 cm apart along a single support wire. The depth of the deepest sensor was estimated by counting the total number of sensors lowered into the borehole. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Sampling depth below the ground surface was determined by summing the inserted lengths of the auger drill bit and the successive extension rods advanced during ground penetration.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Ground temperature measurements were collected using Arduino based thermistors spaced 0.25 m apart and installed in hand augered boreholes at Barter Island, Alaska. The power controller, battery and Arduino analog to digital converter were housed in Pelican cases, which included an opening to allow the thermistor cable bundle to exit and be positioned in the permafrost boreholes. The system was powered by solar panels, and temperature data were logged hourly to microSD cards. Because the solar- and battery-powered instrument occasionally experienced limited power availability, the dataset contains some gaps. Thermistor locations were collected with a handheld Garmin GPSMAP 76CS receiver using differential correction.
Process_Date: 20160914
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 45079
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: GroundTemperatureData_BarterIsland.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing temperature data. Data might not be available at all depths.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: id
Attribute_Definition: Name or identifier of the core
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: BI_T1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Barter Island Temperature Array 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: BI_T2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Barter Island Temperature Array 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: BI-T3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Barter Island Temperature Array 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: date_time
Attribute_Definition: Date and time when measurement was taken
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: << empty cell >>
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2016-05-31T08:26:00Z
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2016-09-15T07:27:59Z
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: latitude
Attribute_Definition: Latitude coordinate in decimal degrees
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 70.132333
Range_Domain_Maximum: 70.132727
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.000001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: longitude
Attribute_Definition: Longitude coordinate
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -143.687111
Range_Domain_Maximum: -143.652677
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.000001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: depth_cm
Attribute_Definition: depth in centimeters below surface
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 450
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeter
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: temp_C
Attribute_Definition: temperature in degree Celsius
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The data table is formatted in a single comma-separated values file GroundTemperatureData_BarterIsland.csv. The first line of the csv file is a header line.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
These data are available in csv format accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: comma-delimited text
Format_Information_Content:
CSV contains date and time (yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ), temperatures (degrees Celsius) at depths (cm).
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied.
Transfer_Size: 2.5
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13OM8JN
Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link.
Fees: None.
Technical_Prerequisites: The CSV data can be viewed with any text reading software.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20260422
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/CMGDS_DR_tool/DR_P13OM8JN/GroundTemperatureData_BarterIsland.html>
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