Radiocarbon age data from sediment cores collected offshore southern Cascadia, during field activity 2019-643-FA

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Radiocarbon age data from sediment cores collected offshore southern Cascadia, during field activity 2019-643-FA
Abstract:
This dataset presents radiocarbon data from 87 samples from sediment cores collected in southern Cascadia (offshore northern California) aboard the M/V Bold Horizon in September-October 2019. Sample ages were determined by the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility and the W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (KCCAMS) facility at the University of California, Irvine (UCI).
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-643-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Hill, Jenna C., Nieminski, Nora M., SeanPaul M. La Selle, Watt, Janet T., Brothers, Daniel S., McGann, Mary L., Alongi, Travis V., Hatcher, Gerry A., Nasr, Brandon M., McKee, Jennifer A., and Ferro, Peter Dal, 20240327, Radiocarbon age data from sediment cores collected offshore southern Cascadia, during field activity 2019-643-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/P1E8GDZH, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Hill, Jenna C., Nieminski, Nora M., SeanPaul M. La Selle, Watt, Janet T., Brothers, Daniel S., McGann, Mary L., Alongi, Travis V., Hatcher, Gerry A., Nasr, Brandon M., McKee, Jennifer A., and Ferro, Peter Dal, 2024, Sediment core data from offshore southern Cascadia - USGS field activity 2019-643-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/P1E8GDZH, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested Citation: Hill, J.C., Nieminski, N.M., La Selle, S.M., Watt, J.W., Brothers, D.S., McGann, M.L., Alongi, T.V., Hatcher, G.A., Nasr, B.M., McKee, J.A., and Dal Ferro, P., 2024, Sediment core data from offshore southern Cascadia during field activity 2019-643-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1E8GDZH.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125.25388241
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.07787323
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.76311745
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.76311745
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 27-Sep-2019
    Ending_Date: 10-Oct-2019
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground conditions at time data were collected
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: CSV format tabular data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (87)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    2019-643-FA_cores_radiocarbon.csv
    Radiocarbon data obtained through the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and the University of California, Irvine. Comma-delimited text file also includes sample location, sample depth, and description of the material dated. (Source: Producer defined)
    Accession_no
    The unique accession number is an internal Accelerator Mass Spectrometry laboratory identifier. “OS-“ identifies NOSAMD and “UCI-“ identifies the University of California Irvine (Source: NOSAMS and UC Irvine) Identifier (OS- or UCI- followed by a unique number) for the sample assigned at each respective facility where analyses were performed
    Sample_name
    U.S. Geological Survey assigned sample name given in “core”-“depth” (for example, JPC04-186–188cm is jumbo piston core 04 sampled at 186–188 cm deep). (Source: Producer defined) Unique identifier for the sample assigned at USGS
    Latitude
    Latitude of sample in decimal degrees, north (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:40.77668
    Maximum:41.58120
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of sample in decimal degrees, east (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-124.94707
    Maximum:-124.24902
    Units:decimal degrees
    Core_water_depth_m
    Depth of seafloor at core location (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:60
    Maximum:1280
    Units:meters
    min_sample_depth_cm
    Upper depth of interval from which sample was collected from core. Depth is measured in centimeters from the surface (top of the uppermost section of the core). (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:14
    Maximum:694
    Units:centimeters
    max_sample_depth_cm
    Lower depth of interval from which sample was collected from core. Depth is measured in centimeters from the surface (top of the uppermost section of the core). (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:16
    Maximum:697
    Units:centimeters
    Material_dated
    Description of sample material submitted for radiocarbon dating. Foraminifera were hand-picked from cores by Mary McGann (USGS). Mollusc, plant/wood, and twiglet material was hand-picked from cores by Nora Neiminski (USGS). (Source: Producer defined) Description of sample
    14C_age_years_BP
    Conventional radiocarbon age in years before present (Source: NOSAMS (Woods Hole, Massachusetts) and University of California, Irvine)
    Range of values
    Minimum:160
    Maximum:48000
    Units:Radiocarbon years before 1950 (14C yr BP)
    14C_age_error_years_BP
    Radiocarbon age error, 1 sigma. (Source: NOSAMS (Woods Hole, Massachusetts) and University of California, Irvine)
    Range of values
    Minimum:15
    Maximum:2700
    Units:Radiocarbon years + or – the calculated age
    D13C_per_mille
    Delta Carbon-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes C-13:C-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mille, or 0/00). If blank, d13C analyses were not performed. (Source: NOSAMS (Woods Hole, Massachusetts) and University of California, Irvine)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-27.89
    Maximum:7.87
    Units:parts per thousand (per mille)
    Fraction_modern
    Fraction of modern carbon in sample (Source: NOSAMS (Woods Hole, Massachusetts) and University of California, Irvine)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0025
    Maximum:0.9806
    Units:unitless ratio
    Fraction_modern_error
    Standard error of measurement in one standard deviation (Source: NOSAMS (Woods Hole, Massachusetts) and University of California, Irvine)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0006
    Maximum:0.0079
    Units:unitless ratio
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Jenna C. Hill
    • Nora M. Nieminski
    • SeanPaul M. La Selle
    • Janet T. Watt
    • Daniel S. Brothers
    • Mary L. McGann
    • Travis V. Alongi
    • Gerry A. Hatcher
    • Brandon M. Nasr
    • Jennifer A. McKee
    • Peter Dal Ferro
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Radiocarbon analyses were conducted the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility, Woods Hole, Massachusetts at and the W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (KCCAMS) facility at the University of California, Irvine (UCI).
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

As part of a multi-year project focused on characterizing offshore marine geohazards (tsunamis, earthquakes, and landslides), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program is collaborating with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) to conduct research offshore northern California. These data were obtained to provide age constraint of various offshore activity in the southern extent of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which is a major tectonic boundary that is prone to megathrust earthquakes and includes a BOEM offshore wind area of interest.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2019 (process 1 of 3)
    Cores were collected aboard M/V Bold Horizon using a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) jumbo piston corer (JPC) on cruise 2019-643-FA. The JPC system consisted of a 2500-lb head weight, 3.43-inch diameter barrel, and polybutyrate liner. The JPC trigger arm was set up to collect a trigger core (TC) associated with each JPC (if successful). JPCs were extruded and sectioned (<150 cm) at sea. The cores were then transported back to the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center.
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 3)
    Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility, Woods Hole, Massachusetts for radiocarbon dating. Person who carried out this activity:
    National Ocean Science Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    266 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-1400 (voice)
    information@whoi.edu
    Date: 2022 (process 3 of 3)
    Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at the U.C. Irvine Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometer facility (KCCAMS) for radiocarbon dating. Person who carried out this activity:
    Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Facility
    University of California, Irvine
    2222B Croul Hall
    Irvine, CA

    949-824-3674 (voice)
    jsouthon@uci.edu
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Dartnell, P., Conrad, J.E., Watt, J.T., and Hill, J.C., 2021, Composite multibeam bathymetry surface and data sources of the southern Cascadia Margin offshore Oregon and northern California.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Dartnell, P., Conrad, J.E., Watt, J.T., and Hill, J.C., 2021, Composite multibeam bathymetry surface and data sources of the southern Cascadia Margin offshore Oregon and northern California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C5DBMR
    Ryan, W.B.F., Carbotte, S.M., Coplan, J.O., O’Hara, A.M., Melkonian, A., Arko, R., Weissel, R.A., Goodwillie, A., Nitsche, F., Bonczkowski, J., and Zemsky, R., 2009, Global Multi-Resolution Topography synthesis.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Originator: Ryan, W.B.F., Carbotte, S.M., Coplan, J.O., O’Hara, A.M., Melkonian, A., Arko, R., Weissel, R.A., Goodwillie, A., Nitsche, F., Bonczkowski, J., Zemsky, R., 2009, Global Multi-Resolution Topography synthesis: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, n. 3, p. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002332

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A Hemisphere V110 GPS system was used for obtaining latitude and longitude point locations during the field activity with a stated accuracy of 0.6 meters (95% confidence).
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Water depth values at core locations were estimated from multibeam bathymetric data (Dartnell and others (2021) or Ryan and others (2009)). Radiocarbon sample depths were measured relative to the top of the uppermost section of each core. No formal vertical accuracy tests were conducted.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical consistency tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    1-831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Radiocarbon age data are provided in a comma separated value (CSV) text file (2019-643-FA_cores_radiocarbon.csv).
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: Comma separate value (csv) text file of radiocarbon age data. in format comma-delimited text
      Network links: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1E8GDZH
    • Cost to order the data: None.

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    Radiocarbon age data in .csv format can be viewed with any standard table editing software (for example, excel, numbers).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 27-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
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