Wave time-series: ERA5 hindcast period 1979-2019 - U.S. Canada border to Bering Strait

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Anita Engelstad
Originator: Li H. Erikson
Originator: Borja G. Reguero
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Publication_Date: 20240312
Title:
Wave time-series: ERA5 hindcast period 1979-2019 - U.S. Canada border to Bering Strait
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF files
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P931CSO9
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Anita Engelstad
Originator: Li H. Erikson
Originator: Borja G. Reguero
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P931CSO9
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested Citation: Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., Nederhoff, K.M., 2024, Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Description:
Abstract:
Modeled wave time series data are presented for the hindcast period of 1979 to 2019 from the U.S. Canada border to the Bering Strait close to the 5 and 10 m isobaths. Outputs include three-hourly nearshore significant wave heights (Hs), mean wave periods (Tm) and mean wave directions (Dm) for 6424 locations. Data are available as netCDF files and are packaged for the Beaufort Sea region from the U.S. Canada border to Nuvuk (Point Barrow), and for the Chukchi Sea region from Nuvuk to Kotzebue Sound and from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait. The methods used to create this dataset are described in detail in Engelstad and others, 2024
Purpose:
These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public. These data are not intended to be used for navigation.
Supplemental_Information:
This work is part of the ongoing wave modeling efforts for Alaska and the western United States. For more information on CoSMoS implementation, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19790101
Ending_Date: 20191231
Currentness_Reference: time period for which the data were modeled
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.64000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -140.29230
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.07200
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.58025
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:b73e5014-cd25-42ba-9973-980bc076b093
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Winds
Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: predictions
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientific Information
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: coastal processes
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves
Theme_Keyword: Climate Change
Theme_Keyword: Storms
Theme_Keyword: Wind
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling
Theme_Keyword: waves
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Distributions
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea
Place_Keyword: Bering Strait
Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea
Place_Keyword: Kotzebue Sound
Place_Keyword: Nuvuk
Place_Keyword: Point Barrow
Place_Keyword: State of Alaska
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: WaveTimeSeries_LocationOverview.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Satellite image showing the coastline for which wave time series are available. Also shown are the subdivisions used for file packaging.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: jpg
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Data were generated with the Delft3D modeling suite developed by Deltares and MATLAB on Personal Desktop Computers (PC) equipped with the Windows 10 operating system.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Nico Booij
Originator: Roeland Ris
Originator: Leo Holthuijsen
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
The effect of changing sea ice on nearshore wave climate trends along Alaska’s central Beaufort Sea coast
Other_Citation_Details:
Booij, N., Ris, R. C., and Holthuijsen, L. H., 1999, A third-generation wave model for coastal regions. I- Model description and validation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 7649–7666.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/98jc02622
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Paula Camus
Originator: Melisa Menéndez
Originator: Fernando J. Méndez
Originator: Cristina Izaguirre
Originator: Antonio Espejo
Originator: Verónica Cánovas
Originator: Jorge Pérez
Originator: Ana Rueda
Originator: Inigo J. Losada
Originator: Raúl Medina
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
A weather-type statistical downscaling framework for ocean wave climate
Other_Citation_Details:
Camus, P., Menéndez, M., Méndez, F.J.,Izaguirre, C., Espejo, A., Cánovas, V., Pérez, J., Rueda, A., Losada, I.J. and Medina, R., 2014, A weather-type statistical downscaling framework for ocean wave climate: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 119, p. 7389-7405.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010141
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Anita C Engelstad
Originator: Li H Erikson
Originator: Borja G Reguero
Originator: Ann E Gibbs
Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Database and Time Series of Nearshore Waves Along the Alaskan Coast from the United States-Canada Border to the Bering Sea
Other_Citation_Details:
Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., and Nederhoff, K., 2024, Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1094, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Borja Reguero
Originator: Fernando Méndez
Originator: Iñigo Losada
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Variability of multivariate wave climate in Latin America and the Caribbean
Other_Citation_Details:
Reguero, B.G., Méndez, F.J., and Losada, I.J., 2013, Variability of multivariate wave climate in Latin America and the Caribbean: Global and Planetary Change, v. 100, p. 70-84.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.09.005.
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The SWAN model and the look-up table method used to generate this data set have been validated with observations. Significant wave heights (Hs) are modeled with a combined root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18 m for several locations. Flags were added to the data to advise the user of caution where necessary when using the data. Flag_D is used for time steps when the wave and/or wind directions at the model boundary differ by more than 15 degrees between the ERA5 hindcast data and the value determined from the downscaled wave database (DWDB). 20 degrees is maximum difference that wind and wave directions are allowed to differ, otherwise the timestep is set to NaN. Flag_S indicates possible inconsistencies between adjacent time series locations, caused by either the use of different offshore ERA5 hindcast locations in the alongshore directions, or by a switch from one numerical model domain to another. Additionally, values for which the difference in wave height is greater than 0.15 m are flagged to inform the user of this difference. Flags are set for differences greater than 0.20 m, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m and 1 m. For all flags, 1 indicates this condition is true and 0 that it is not true.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards. Missing data have been filled with -9999 values. Missing data is caused by sea-ice coverage. For some locations, especially in the Beauford Sea, data for entire years might be missing.
Completeness_Report:
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Data are concurrent with topobathymetric DEM locations. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Copernicus Climate Change Service
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store
Online_Linkage: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home
Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19790101
Ending_Date: 20191231
Source_Currentness_Reference: 2020
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ERA5
Source_Contribution: reanalyzed atmospheric, land and oceanic climate variables
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: IBCAO Version 4.0 Compilation Group
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 4.0.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher:
British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK
Online_Linkage:
https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/arctic_ocean/
Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19790101
Ending_Date: 20191231
Source_Currentness_Reference: 2020
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: IBCAO
Source_Contribution:
gridded continuous terrain model covering land and ocean in the Arctic region
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Obtained topobathymetric elevation data and generated grid bathymetries for wave simulations.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: IBCAO
Process_Date: 20200630
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Generated reduced input for wave simulations using methods outlined in the accompanying summary of methods (Engelstad and others, 2022) and in Reguero and others, 2013 and Camus and others, 2014.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ERA5
Process_Date: 20200815
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Tested wave simulations with Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN; Booij and others, 1999) for all grids. This included model validation with observations where available and initial QC checks. Developed look-up table routine for time series. Simulated waves for all domains. Reconstructed time series for ERA5 wave time series and wrote out time series in the nearshore. The mean wave period Tm01 was calculated from Tm using an empirical relationship (quadratic fit). For additional information see Engelstad and others, 2021.
Process_Date: 20210501
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
Time-series data are available along the Alaska coast. Refer to self-contained NetCDF files for more location information.
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name:
approximate Mean Sea Level as determined by the Prudhoe NOAA tide station
Altitude_Resolution: 0.01
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
netCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself. Attributes are latitude, longitude and depth for each location, as well as significant wave heights (Hs), mean wave periods Tm (Tm0,-1), mean wave period Tm01 (Tm0,1)and mean wave direction(Dm) for the 1979-2019. Additionally, flags advise caution where necessary when using the data. Flag_D is used for time steps when the wave and/or wind directions at the model boundary differ by more than 15 degrees between the ERA5 hindcast data and the value determined from the downscaled wave database (DWDB). 20 degrees is maximum difference that wind and wave directions are allowed to differ, otherwise the timestep is set to NaN. Flag_S indicates possible inconsistencies between adjacent time series locations, caused by either the use of different offshore ERA5 hindcast locations in the alongshore directions, or by a switch from one numerical model domain to another. Additionally, values for which the difference in Hs is greater than 0.15 m are flagged to inform the user of this difference. Flags are set for differences greater than 0.20 m (Flag_Hs020), 0.25 m (Flag_Hs025), 0.50 m (Flag_Hs050), 0.75 m (Flag_Hs075) and 1 m (Flag_Hs100). For all flags, 1 indicates this condition is true and 0 that it is not true. Transect IDs are associated with each location and are named in the following scheme: [A1A2A3_N1_N2], where [A1A2A3_N1_N2] is a unique ID for each transects that corresponds to the wave parameter output in the file. A1 is an identifier for the type of transect exposure (E for exposed transects, or S, sheltered, describing transects along Bays and Lagoons). A2 can be either E (east), C (central), or W (west), describing the general location in A3, which is abbreviated by either B (Beaufort Sea) or C (Chukchi Sea). N1 is a numerical baseline ID, and N2 the numerical transect order, starting from the Canada border. File names reflect the geographic area and the isobath for which the files contain data. For example, WaveTimeSeries_ERA5_KotzebueSound_to_BeringStrait_10mDepth.nc contains data for locations from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait (also see browse graphic)along the 10 m isobath.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
These data are available in six netCDF files Files are organized by three regions (U.S. Canada border to Nuvuk (Point Barrow), Nuvuk to Kotzebue Sound, Kotzebue Sound to Bering Strait), near two isobaths (5m and 10m depth) which is reflected in the file name (for example, WaveTimeSeries_ERA5_US_CanadaBorder_to_Nuvuk_10mDepth.nc)
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: netCDF
Format_Information_Content:
File contains hindcast time series data for the Beaufort Sea from the U.S. Canada border to Nuvuk (Point Barrow) at the 5 m isobath.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility
Transfer_Size: 10600
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: netCDF
Format_Information_Content:
File contains hindcast time series data for the Beaufort Sea from the U.S. Canada border to Nuvuk (Point Barrow) at the 10 m isobath.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility
Transfer_Size: 10600
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: netCDF
Format_Information_Content:
File contains hindcast time series data for the Chukchi Sea from Nuvuk (Point Barrow) to Kotzebue Sound at the 5 m isobath.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility
Transfer_Size: 11900
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: netCDF
Format_Information_Content:
File contains hindcast time series data for the Chukchi Sea from Nuvuk (Point Barrow) to Kotzebue Sound at the 10 m isobath.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility
Transfer_Size: 11900
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: netCDF
Format_Information_Content:
File contains hindcast time series data for the Chukchi Sea from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait at the 5 m isobath.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility
Transfer_Size: 6200
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: netCDF
Format_Information_Content:
File contains hindcast time series data for the Chukchi Sea from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait at the 10 m isobath.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility
Transfer_Size: 6200
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section.
Fees: None.
Technical_Prerequisites:
These data can be viewed with any software that reads netCDF files, such as Mathworks MATLAB™, Python, Panoply.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240312
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/CMGDS_DR_tool/DR_P931CSO9/WaveTimeSeries_ERA5_metadata.html>
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