Underwater video observations offshore of Burien, Washington

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?
Who produced the data set?
Why was the data set created?
How was the data set created?
How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
How can someone get a copy of the data set?
Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

Title: Underwater video observations offshore of Burien, Washington
Abstract:

This part of USGS Data Series 935 (Cochrane, 2014) presents observations from underwater video collected in the Offshore of Burien, California, map area, a part of the Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series. To validate the interpretations of multibeam sonar data and turn it into geologically and biologically useful information, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) towed a camera sled over specific locations throughout the Seattle map area to collect video and photographic data that would “ground truth” the seafloor. The ground-truth survey conducted in the Offshore of Burien map area occurred in 2011 on the R/V Karluk (USGS field activities K0109WO, K0111PS) and on the Washington State Department of Fish and Game R/V Molluscan (USGS field activity M0112PS, M0111PS, M0212PS). The underwater camera sled was towed 1 to 2 m above the seafloor at speeds of between 1 and 2 nautical miles/hour. The surveys for this map area include approximately 6 hours (9.1 trackline km) of video.

Supplemental_Information:

Additional information about the USGS field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K109WO https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K0111PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0111PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0112PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0212PS
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.

How might this data set be cited?
Cochrane, Guy R., Ritchie, Andrew C., Hodson, Timothy O., Kull, Kristine J., and Dethier, Megan N., 20221014, Underwater video observations offshore of Burien, Washington: data release DOI:10.5066/P96T1B44, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P96T1B44
This is part of the following larger work.
Cochrane, Guy R., 2022, Bathymetry and topography, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of Burien, Washington: data release DOI:10.5066/P96T1B44, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P96T1B44
What geographic area does the data set cover?
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.68733
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.327713
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.591839
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.320647
What does it look like?

VideoObservations_OffshoreBurien.jpg (JPEG)
Map showing camera tracklines of underwater video collected in the Offshore of Burien study area
Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

Beginning_Date: 07-May-2009

Ending_Date: 23-Sep-2011

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition
What is the general form of this data set?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
How does the data set represent geographic features?
1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
  This is a point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
  - Point (1673)
2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  
  Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
  Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
  UTM_Zone_Number: 10
  Transverse_Mercator:
  Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
  Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.00000
  Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
  False_Easting: 500000.0
  False_Northing: 0.00
  
  Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
  Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
  Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
  Planar coordinates are specified in degrees
  The horizontal datum used is D North American 1983.
  The ellipsoid used is GRS 1980.
  The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
  The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.

How does the data set describe geographic features?

VideoObservations_OffshoreBurien.shp

File containing physical habitat and biota presence (Source: Producer defined)

FID

internal feature number (Source: ESRI) sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated

Shape

feature type (Source: ESRI) Point feature of physical habitat and biota presence with x, y, and z coordinates

DATE

date observations were made in M/DD/YYYY format (Source: USGS)

Range of values
Minimum:	5/7/2009
Maximum:	9/24/2011
Units:	day
Resolution:	1

UTC_TIME

time of day observations were made in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) also commonly referred to as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (Source: USGS)

Range of values
Minimum:	0:00:00
Maximum:	23:59:59
Units:	HH:MM:SS
Resolution:	1

LONGITUDE

geographic x coordinate in NAD 83 degrees (Source: ESRI)

Range of values
Minimum:	-122.6889
Maximum:	-122.3272
Units:	Decimal degrees
Resolution:	0.0001

LATITUDE

geographic y coordinate in NAD 83 degrees (Source: ESRI)

Range of values
Minimum:	47.3
Maximum:	47.6
Units:	Decimal degrees
Resolution:	0.0001

MAJOR_GEO

Description of primary seafloor substrate constituting of greater than fifty percent of the seafloor during an observation. The values are based on the Wentworth scale except that granule and pebble sizes have been grouped together into a class called "gravel," and clay and silt sizes have been grouped together into a class called "mud" (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
b	boulder (409.6 cm to 25.5 cm)
c	cobble (25.5 cm to 6.5 cm)
g	gravel (6.5 cm to .2 cm)
m	mud (.00625 cm or smaller)
r	Exposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
s	sand (.2 cm to .00625 cm)

MINOR_GEO

Description of secondary seafloor substrate constituting greater than twenty percent of the seafloor during an observation. The classes are based on the Wentworth scale except that granule and pebble sizes have been grouped together into a class called "gravel," and clay and silt sizes have been grouped together into a class called "mud" (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
b	boulder (409.6 cm to 25.5 cm)
c	cobble (25.5 cm to 6.5 cm)
g	gravel (6.5 cm to .2 cm)
m	mud (.00625 cm or smaller)
r	Exposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
s	sand (.2 cm to .00625 cm)

SUBST_CLAS

seafloor substrate classes determined using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) (Source: CMECS)

Value	Definition
Rock	Exposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
Unconsolidated Mineral	Geologic substrates with less than 50% cover of Rock Substrate. This substrate class provides Folk (1954) terminology to describe any mix of loose mineral substrate occurring at any range of sizes from boulders to clay.

SUBST_SBCL

seafloor substrate subclasses determined using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) (Source: CMECS)

Value	Definition
Bedrock	Substrate with largely continuous formations of bedrock covering 50 percent or more of the geologic substrate surface
Coarse	Substrate surface layer contains any amount of gravel (particles greater than or equal to 2 mm), from a single granule to 100 percent boulders
Fine	Substrate surface layer contains no trace of gravel (particles greater than or equal to 2mm)

Ascidiacea

Any species of tunicate (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Asteriidae

Mottled, rainbow, black sea stars (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Balanophyl

Cup corals (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Bivalvia

Any bivalve species not scallops, probably mostly mussels (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

bony_fish

Any fish of the superclass Osteichthyes that is not on the list of specific fishes used for this project. (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Brachiopod

Brachipoda (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Bryozoa

Any Bryozoan, epilithic or epiphytica (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Cancer

Any crabs in the Cancer genus (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Caridea

Any shrimp (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Cerianthid

Any burrowing anemone (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Chlorophyc

Any green algae (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Cottidae

Any sculpin (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

driftweed

Any unattached kelp or other algae (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

eggcase

Any egg case including gastropod, shark or ray (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

encrusting

Any encrusting invertebrate or corallines (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Fucus

Rockweed Fucus (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Gadiformes

Any cod or pollock species (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Gastropoda

Any gastropod other than nudibranchs (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Gobiidae

Fish from the Goby fish family (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature

Henricia

Blood star (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Hexagrammo

Greenling and lingcod (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Holothuroi

Any species of surface-dwelling cucumber other than Parastichopus (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Hydroida

Any species of hydroid (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Hydrolagus

Ratfish (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Laminarial

Any kelp species (attached) (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Majidae

Any spider crab (kelps and decorators) (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Mediaster

Red deep sea star (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Metridium

Metridium anemones (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Munida

Squat Lobster of the genus Munida (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature

Nudibranch

Any nudibranch (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature

Octopus

Any octopus (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Ophiodon

Fish from the genus Ophiodon (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature

Ophiurida

Any brittle star (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Paguroidea

Any hermit crabs (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Parasticho

Giant sea cucumber (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Pectinidae

Rock and swimming scallops (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Phaeophyco

Any brown algae (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

physical_o

Physical object (eg bottle or tire) (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Pisaster

Any Pisaster (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Pleuronect

Any flatfish (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Porifera

Any sponges (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Ptilosarcu

Orange sea pens (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Pycnopodia

Sunflower star (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Rajiformes

Skates and rays (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Rhodophyco

Any red algae (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Rossia

Genus of Cephalopod (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature

Sebastes

Any rockfish (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Solaster

Any sunstar (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Squalomorp

Dogfish (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Stichaeida

Any prickleback, warbonnet (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Strongyloc

Red sea urchin (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Strongyl_1

Green sea urchins (and white) (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature

Subsellifl

Any sea whip (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

tubeworm

Colonial and solitary tube worms (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Zoarcidae

Any eelpout (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

Zostera_ma

Eelgrass (Source: Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	denotes absence of the species or feature
1	denotes presence of the species or feature

CRUISE_ID

USGS cruise identification (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
K109WO	USGS field activity on the R/V Karluk in 2009
K111PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Karluk in 2011
M111PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2011
M112PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2012
M212PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2012

DEPTH_M

Water depth in meters at the location of the observation (Source: NOAA)

Range of values
Minimum:	-238.2
Maximum:	-2.1
Units:	Decimal meters below NAVD88 sea level
Resolution:	0.1

Who produced the data set?

Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
- Guy R. Cochrane
- Andrew C. Ritchie
- Timothy O. Hodson
- Kristine J. Kull
- Megan N. Dethier
Who also contributed to the data set?
To whom should users address questions about the data?

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data were used to ground truth a supervised classification of multibeam echosounder (MBES) data into Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standards (CMECS) polygons. This project was conducted to map surficial geology and benthic habitat These data are intended for fisheries managers, science researchers, students, policy makers, and the public. These data can be used in GIS and statistical analysis projects, or other software to spatially identify geomorphologic biota, surficial lithology, and biotopes in the study area.

How was the data set created?

From what previous works were the data drawn?
How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

Date: 2011 (process 1 of 2)
The camera-sled observations are based on the method of Anderson and others (2007). USGS and Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife scientists recorded both the geologic and biologic character of the seafloor onboard in real time. Observations, position, date, and time were recorded for a 10-second period once every minute. Onshore, the observation comma-delimited text file was converted to an ArcGIS shapefile.
Date: 16-May-2023 (process 2 of 2)
Edits were made to correct spelling in author name. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. (scochran@usgs.gov)
What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
Cochrane, Guy R., 2014, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series Data Catalog.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.3133/ds935
Other_Citation_Details:
Cochrane, G.R., compiler, 2014, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 935
Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2012, Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard.
Online Links:
- https://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/cmecs-folder/CMECS_Version_06-2012_FINAL.pdf
Other_Citation_Details:
Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2012, Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, 343 p.

Folk, R.L., 1954, The Distinction between Grain Size and Mineral Composition in Sedimentary Rock Nomenclature.

Other_Citation_Details:
Folk, R.L., The Distinction between Grain Size and Mineral Composition in Sedimentary Rock Nomenclature: J. Geol., v. 62, p. 344-359.

Anderson, Tara J., 2007, A rapid method to characterize seabed habitats and associated macro-organisms.

Other_Citation_Details:
Anderson, T.J., Cochrane, G.R., Roberts, D.A., Chezar, H., and Hatcher, G., 2007, A rapid method to characterize seabed habitats and associated macro-organisms, in Todd, B.J., and Greene, H.G., eds., Mapping the seafloor for habitat characterization: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 47, p. 71-79.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

How well have the observations been checked?
Position of the towed camera are based on shipboard GPS. No corrections for layback were made. Depth values are from the digital elevation model (DEM) published along with this dataset. Values of slope, VRM, and rugosity are derived from the DEM. The accuracy of substrate and biota observations cannot be quantified.
How accurate are the geographic locations?
Highly variable, on the order of 10 meters. Horizontal position given is ship position. Towed camera can be on the order of 10 meters distance from the ship during deployment.
How accurate are the heights or depths?
Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
Observation are from one-minute intervals. Some gaps in observations are due to technical problems or sediment dispersion covering the camera lens.
How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
No checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints	None
Use_Constraints	USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in shapefile format (VideoObservations_OffshoreBurien.shp and associated files) contained in a single zip file (VideoObservations_OffshoreBurien.zip) accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

How can I download or order the data?

Availability in digital form:

Data format:	Zip file contains the polygon shapefile in format shapefile (version ArcGIS 10.8.1) Esri polygon shapefile Size: 2.7
Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P96T1B44 https://doi.org/10.3133/ds935

Cost to order the data: None.

What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
These data can be viewed with GIS or mapping software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:: Last modified: 16-May-2023
Metadata author:: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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