Grain size, bulk density, and carbon content of sediment collected from Whale's Tail South marsh and adjacent bay floor, South San Francisco Bay, California, 2021-2022

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
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• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
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What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Ferreira, Joanne C.T., McGill, Samantha C., Tan, Angela C., and Lacy, Jessica R., 20230822, Grain size, bulk density, and carbon content of sediment collected from Whale's Tail South marsh and adjacent bay floor, South San Francisco Bay, California, 2021-2022: data release doi:10.5066/P98BL0XF, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P98BL0XF

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Ferreira, J.C.T, McGill, S.C., Tan, A.C., Lacy, J.R., Grain size, bulk density, and carbon content of sediment collected from Whale's Tail South marsh and adjacent bay floor, South San Francisco Bay, California, 2021-2022, U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P98BL0XF.

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.17052
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.14129
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.58646
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.58202
   

3. What does it look like?

   WT_21_sample_locations.png (png)

   Map with sample locations. Diameter of the sample marker indicates the grain size in the surface layer for which 50 percent of the sediment is coarser.

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 04-Jun-2021

   Ending_Date: 28-Jan-2022

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition at time sample was collected

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Comma-separated values
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Data were collected in San Francisco Bay, California
      

      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (259)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Longitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
      The ellipsoid used is WGS84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Attribute Table

   Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset (Source: Producer defined)

   Sample_ID

   Name of sample (Source: producer defined) sample identifier

   Date_Collected

   Date of sample collection. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	06/04/2021
   Maximum:	01/28/2022
   Units:	mm/dd/yyyy

   Time_UTC

   Time of sample collection. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	00:00
   Maximum:	23:59
   Units:	HH:MM

   Latitude

   Latitude of collection (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	37.58202
   Maximum:	37.58646
   Units:	decimal degrees

   Longitude

   Longitude of sample (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-122.17052
   Maximum:	-122.14129
   Units:	decimal degrees

   Core_Depth_cm

   The midpoint of the depth into the sediment bed of the sample. -999 indicates sample was not from a core and depth not determined. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.25
   Maximum:	18.50
   Units:	centimeter

   Type

   Type of sample (Source: producer defined)

   Value	Definition
   push core section	Sediment core acquired by hand.
   grab	Sediment grab sample
   scraped from deposition tile	sediment deposited on ceramic tile on marsh surface

   Notes

   Relevant information regarding the sample during its collection. "NA" indicates that no additional information was noted. (Source: producer defined) text to describe sample

   Attribute_Label: -4.00phi_16mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -4.00 phi, or 16 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -3.75phi_13.5mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -4.00 and -3.75 phi, or 13.5 and 16 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -3.50phi_11.2mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.75 and -3.50 phi, or 11.2 and 13.5 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -3.25phi_9.51mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.50 and -3.25 phi, or 9.51 and 11.2 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -3.00phi_8mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.25 and -3.00 phi, or 8 and 9.51 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -2.75phi_6.73mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.00 and -2.75 phi, or 6.73 and 8 mm, -999indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -2.50phi_5.66mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.75 and -2.50 phi, or 5.66 and 6.73 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -2.25phi_4.76mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.50 and -2.25 phi, or 4.76 and 5.66 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -2.00phi_4mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.25 and -2.00 phi, or 4 and 4.76 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -1.75phi_3.36mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.00 and -1.75 phi, or 3.36 and 4 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -1.50phi_2.83mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.75 and -1.50 phi, or 2.83 and 3.36 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -1.25phi_2.38mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.50 and -1.25 phi, or 2.38 and 2.83 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -1.00phi_2mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.25 and -1.00 phi, or 2 and 2.38 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -0.75phi_1.68mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.00 and -0.75 phi, or 1.68 and 2 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -0.50phi_1.41mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -0.75 and -0.50 phi, or 1.41 and 1.68 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   -0.25phi_1.19mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -0.50 and -0.25 phi, or 1.19 and 1.41 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   0.00phi_1mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -0.25 and 0.00 phi, or 1 and 1.19 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   0.25phi_0.8409mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.00 and 0.25 phi, or 0.8409 and 1 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   0.50phi_0.7071mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.25 and 0.50 phi, or 0.7071 and 0.8409 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   0.75phi_0.5946mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.50 and 0.75 phi, or 0.5946 and 0.7071 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   1.00phi_0.5mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.75 and 1.00 phi, or 0.5 and 0.5946 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   1.25phi_0.4204mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.00 and 1.25 phi, or 0.4204 and 0.5 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   1.50phi_0.3536mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.25 and 1.50 phi, or 0.3536 and 0.4204 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   1.75phi_0.2973mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.50 and 1.75 phi, or 0.2973 and 0.3536 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   2.00phi_0.25mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.75 and 2.00 phi, or 0.25 and 0.2973 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   2.25phi_0.2102mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.00 and 2.25 phi, or 0.2102 and 0.25 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   2.50phi_0.1768mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.25 and 2.50 phi, or 0.1768 and 0.2102 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   2.75phi_0.1487mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.50 and 2.75 phi, or 0.1487 and 0.1768 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   3.00phi_0.125mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.75 and 3.00 phi, or 0.125 and 0.1487 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   3.25phi_0.1051mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.00 and 3.25 phi, or 0.1051 and 0.125 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   3.50phi_0.088388mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.25 and 3.50 phi, or 0.08839 and 0.1051 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   3.75phi_0.074325mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.50 and 3.75 phi, or 0.07433 and 0.08839 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   4.00phi_0.0625mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.75 and 4.00 phi, or 0.0625 and 0.07433 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   4.25phi_0.052556mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.00 and 4.25 phi, or 0.052556 and 0.0625 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   4.50phi_0.044194mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.25 and 4.50 phi, or 0.044194 and 0.052556 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   4.75phi_0.037163mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.50 and 4.75 phi, or 0.037163 and 0.044194 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   5.00phi_0.03125mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.75 and 5.00 phi, or 0.03125 and 0.037163 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   5.25phi_0.026278mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.00 and 5.25 phi, or 0.02628 and 0.03125 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   5.50phi_0.022097mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.25 and 5.50 phi, or 0.0221 and 0.02628 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   5.75phi_0.018581mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.50 and 5.75 phi, or 0.01858 and 0.0221 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   6.00phi_0.015625mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.75 and 6.00 phi, or 0.01563 and 0.01858 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   6.00phi_0.015625mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.00 and 6.25 phi, or 0.01314 and 0.01563 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   6.50phi_0.011049mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.25 and 6.50 phi, or 0.01105 and 0.01314 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   6.75phi_0.009291mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.50 and 6.75 phi, or 0.00929 and 0.01105 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   7.00phi_0.007813mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.75 and 7.00 phi, or 0.00781 and 0.00929 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   7.25phi_0.00657mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.00 and 7.25 phi, or 0.00657 and 0.00781 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   7.50phi_0.005524mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.25 and 7.50 phi, or 0.00552 and 0.00657 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   7.75phi_0.004645mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.50 and 7.75 phi, or 0.00465 and 0.00552 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   8.00phi_0.003906mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.75 and 8.00 phi, or 0.00391 and 0.00465 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   8.25phi_0.003285mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.00 and 8.25 phi, or 0.00329 and 0.00391 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   8.50phi_0.002762mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.25 and 8.50 phi, or 0.00276 and 0.00329 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   8.75phi_0.002323mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.50 and 8.75 phi, or 0.00232 and 0.00276 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   9.00phi_0.001953mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.75 and 9.00 phi, or 0.00195 and 0.00232 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   9.25phi_0.001642mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.00 and 9.25 phi, or 0.00164 and 0.00195 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   9.50phi_0.001381mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.25 and 9.50 phi, or 0.00138 and 0.00164 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   9.75phi_0.001161mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.50 and 9.75 phi, or 0.00116 and 0.00138 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   9.99phi_0.000983mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.75 and 9.99 phi, or 0.00098 and 0.00116 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   10.25phi_0.000821mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.99 and 10.25 phi, or 0.00082 and 0.00098 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   10.50phi_0.000691mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.25 and 10.50 phi, or 0.00069 and 0.00082 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   10.75phi_0.000581mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.50 and 10.75 phi, or 0.00058 and 0.00069 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   10.99phi_0.000492mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.75 and 10.99 phi, or 0.00049 and 0.00058 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   11.25phi_0.000411mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.99 and 11.25 phi, or 0.0004 and 0.00049 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   11.48phi_0.00035mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 11.25 and 11.48 phi, or 0.00035 and 0.0004 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   12.02phi_0.000241mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 11.50 and 12.02 phi, or 0.000241 and 0.00035 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   13.02phi_0.00012mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 12.02 and 13.02 phi, or 0.00012 and 0.000241 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent_Gravel

   Percent of sample greater than 2 mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	Percentage

   Percent_Sand

   Percent of sample less than 2 mm and greater than 63 microns, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	Percentage

   Percent Silt

   Percent of sample less than 63 microns and greater than 4 microns, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	Percentage

   Percent Clay

   Percent of sample less than 4 microns, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	Percentage

   Percent Mud

   Percent of sample less than 63 microns, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	Percentage

   Gravel_to_Sand_ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent silt, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.01
   Units:	dimensionless

   Sand_to_Silt_ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent silt, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	219.15
   Units:	dimensionless

   Silt_to_Clay_ratio

   ratio of percent silt in sample to percent clay, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	4.14
   Units:	dimensionless

   Sand_to_Clay_ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent clay, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	377.49
   Units:	dimensionless

   Sand_to_Mud_ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent mud, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.000
   Maximum:	138.65
   Units:	dimensionless

   D50_percent_coarser_in_phi

   mm size at D50 in percent coarser, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.67
   Maximum:	7.79
   Units:	Phi size

   D50_percent_coarser_in_mm

   The grain size in mm at which 50 percent of the distribution is coarser. -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.31
   Units:	millimeters

   Mean_Phi

   Mean grain size in phi, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.47
   Maximum:	7.71
   Units:	Phi size

   Mean_mm

   Mean grain size in mm, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.36
   Units:	millimeters

   Variance

   Variance, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.14
   Maximum:	11.51
   Units:	dimensionless

   Standard_Deviation

   Standard deviation, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.07
   Maximum:	3.39
   Units:	Phi size

   Skewness

   Skewness, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-0.56
   Maximum:	3.00
   Units:	dimensionless

   Kurtosis

   Kurtosis, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.72
   Maximum:	18.69
   Units:	dimensionless

   Bag_Weight_g

   The weight of the empty sample bag. -999 indicates that no value was measured. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3.30
   Maximum:	3.41
   Units:	grams

   Bag_and_Wet_Sediment_Weight_g

   The weight of the initial wet sample, as it was collected in the sample bag. -999 indicates that no value was measured. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	10.87
   Maximum:	189.00
   Units:	grams

   Bag_and_Dry_Sediment_Weight_g

   The weight of the dry sample including the weight of its sample bag. -999 indicates that no value was measured. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	6.64
   Maximum:	133.16
   Units:	grams

   Dry_Sediment_Weight_g

   The weight of the dried sediment in the sample. -999 indicates that no value was measured. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3.25
   Maximum:	129.81
   Units:	grams

   Water_Weight_g

   The weight of the water from the sample. -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.75
   Maximum:	73.15
   Units:	grams

   Bulk_Density_g/cm^3

   The dry bulk density of the sample, calculated as the mass of the dry sediment divided by the volume of the initial sample. -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.63
   Maximum:	2.12
   Units:	grams per cubic centimeter

   Percent_Total_Carbon

   total weight percentage of carbon, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent_Total_Organic_Carbon

   total weight percentage of organic carbon, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent_Total_Inorganic_Carbon

   total weight percentage of inorganic carbon, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent_Calcium_Carbonate

   weight percentage of calcium carbonate, -999 indicates that no value was calculated. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line.
   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
   

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Joanne C.T. Ferreira
   • Samantha C. McGill
   • Angela C. Tan
   • Jessica R. Lacy
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
   Data were collected as part of a collaborative study with the USGS Western Ecological Research Center.
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 28-Jan-2022 (process 1 of 6)

   SEDIMENT COLLECTION. Sediment samples were collected from a small vessel near pre-established USGS instrument moorings using a Gomex box corer that was subsampled with three push cores (37 mm in diameter) per Gomex core when sufficient sample was recovered. At MEV the push cores were collected on foot by pressing the push core directly into the sediment. Six subsamples were collected from the top 5 centimeters (cm) of each push core, a few push cores included longer sections with a maximum of the top 19 cm. The top two subsamples were each 0.5 cm thick, and all following subsamples were each 1 cm thick. Subsamples were placed into pre-weighed Whirl-pak bags.

   Date: 28-Jan-2022 (process 2 of 6)

   SEDIMENT COLLECTION. Additional samples were collected using a variety of grab samplers to collect surface sediment, where a small surficial layer was sampled and processed for grain size. Sediment deposited upon ceramic tiles placed on the marsh top was collected and processed for grain size. Large rip-up clasts deposited on the marsh surface were sampled for bulk density.

   Date: 09-May-2022 (process 3 of 6)

   GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS: Grain-size analysis was conducted by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) sediment lab using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 particle size analyzer with an aqueous liquid module attachment. PCMSC procedures are modified from those described in Carver (1971) and Folk (1974, 1980). 5-50 grams of sediment was sub-sampled and at least 10 milliliters of 30 percent hydrogen peroxide were added to oxidize overnight to remove organics. The samples were then heated to 250 degrees Celsius to drive off excess hydrogen peroxide. Next, samples were placed in an ultrasonic bath to help disperse silt and clay (mud) from sand and larger-sized particles. Samples were then rinsed twice in deionized water with centrifugation to remove soluble ions. Subsequently, the samples were wet sieved with 1 millimeter and 0.063 millimeter sieves to segregate the combined gravel and coarse sand fraction (greater than 1 millimeter), sand (1 millimeter to 0.063 millimeter), and mud (less than 0.063 millimeter). The coarse sand + gravel fractions were then dried, dry sieved at 1/4phi intervals and weighed (Carver, 1971). The sand fraction was dried and weighed. The mud fraction was collected in a 1 liter graduated cylinder, 5 milliliters of at least 10 percent sodium hexametaphosphate (dispersant) were added, and deionized water was added to bring the total the volume to 1 liter. The mud + dispersant solution sat overnight to ensure complete dispersion and to observe if flocculation occurred. Subsequently, a 20 milliliter aliquot was extracted from the graduated cylinder and dried to obtain the mud fraction weight normalized to a 1-liter basis. The mud and sand fractions were analyzed separately via the Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 with the aqueous liquid module attachment. All size fraction data were compiled and converted by the PCMSC sediment lab pcSDSZ program (Penscil, 2015) to a grain-size distribution at 1/4phi size intervals on a weight percent basis. pcSDSZ also calculated interpolated sizes and graphical statistics on a percent coarser basis (Folk and Ward, 1957; Folk, 1966; Folk, 1974, 1980; Inman, 1952; Trask, 1930, 1932) and moment measures (Collias and others, 1963; Jaquet and Vernet, 1976; Folk, 1980). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Angela Tan

   USGS

   Physical Scientist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7409 (voice)

   atan@usgs.gov

   Date: 09-May-2022 (process 4 of 6)

   INTERPOLATED SIZES: Grain sizes at select cumulative percentage values (D) were calculated by the PCMSC Sediment Lab software pcSDSZ version 1.71 on a percent coarser basis, which summed from coarse to fine bins. D values were interpolated between phi bins bracketing the specified D value. Grain sizes were converted into units of millimeters (mm) using the formula mm=reciprocal of 2(exponent)phi or (phi=-log2(mm)). Interpolated grain sizes at D5, D10, D16, D25, D50, D75, D84, D90, and D95 are reported in phi and millimeter units.

   Date: 09-May-2022 (process 5 of 6)

   The bulk density reported here was calculated with the formula: bulk density = (dry sediment mass + water mass) /((dry sediment mass/sediment density) + (water mass/water density)), where water density is 1 g/cm3 and sediment density is 2.65 g/cm3. Local salinity readings were used to calculate salt mass, which was removed from dry sediment mass prior to this calculation. Measurements were made in the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment lab.

   Date: 30-Jun-2023 (process 6 of 6)

   CARBON ANALYSIS: Carbon analysis was performed by the PCMSC carbon lab employing a coulometric titration technique described in Engleman and others (1985) and UIC operating manuals for the UIC CM5200 autosampler furnace, the UIC CM5230 acidification module, and the UIC CM5017 coulometer. Total carbon (TC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC) and percent calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are reported as percent dry weight. Approximately 5 grams of sediment were dried in an 80 degrees Celsius oven. Samples were then pulverized, redried, and placed in a desiccator. For TC analysis, approximately 20 milligrams of the pulverized sample were weighed and wrapped in an aluminum capsule then combusted at 950 degrees Celsius in an UIC CM5200 autosampler furnace attached to an UIC CM5017 coulometer. The carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by combusting the sample was then converted to TC by the UIC CM5017 coulometer. For TIC, approximately 20 milligrams of sample were weighed and loaded into an UIC CM5230 acidification module attached to an UIC CM5017 coulometer. The samples were then digested in a perchloric acid solution, and the CO2 generated was measured and converted to TIC. Two analyses per sample were run and the results were averaged. TOC was calculated by subtracting TIC from TC. The TIC value was then multiplied by 8.333 (the molar stochiometric ratio of CaCO3 to C) to convert TIC to percent CaCO3. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Angela Tan

   USGS

   Physical Scientist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7409 (voice)

   atan@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Joanne C. T. Ferreira, Lacy, Jessica R., McGill, Samantha C., WinklerPrins, Lukas, Nowacki, Daniel J., Stevens, Andrew W., and Tan, Angela C., 2023, Hydrodynamic and sediment transport data from Whale's Tail marsh and adjacent waters in South San Francisco Bay, California 2021-2022.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P972R6AW

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Ferreira, J.C.T., Lacy, J.R., McGill, S.C., WinklerPrins, L.T., Nowacki, D.J., Stevens, A., and Tan, A., 2023, Hydrodynamic and sediment transport data from Whale's Tail marsh and adjacent waters in South San Francisco Bay, California 2021-2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P972R6AW.

   Beckman-Coulter, 2011, Instructions for Use: LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.beckmancoulter.com/wsrportal/techdocs?docname=b05577ab.pdf

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Beckman-Coulter, 2011, Instructions for Use: LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer: Brea, Calif., Beckman-Coulter, 246 p.

   Carver, Robert E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology.

   Online Links:

   • https://tamug-ir.tdl.org/handle/1969.3/21450

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Carver, R.E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology: Wiley Interscience, New York: 49-94.

   Collias, E.E., Rona, M.R., McManus, D.A., and Creager, J.S., 1963, Machine processing of geological data.

   Online Links:

   • https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0423746.pdf

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Collias, E.E., Rona, M.R., McManus, D.A., and Creager, J.S., 1963, Machine processing of geological data: Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Technical Report No. 87, 119 p.

   Engleman, Edythe E., Jackson, Larry L., and Norton, Daniel R., 1985, Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90025-7

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Engleman, E.E., Jackson, L.L., and Norton, D.R., 1985, Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration: Chemical Geology, v. 53, p. 125-128.

   Folk, Robert Louis, 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.

   Online Links:

   • https://tamug-ir.tdl.org/handle/1969.3/21435

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L., 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, TX, 182 p.

   Folk, Robert Louis, 1980, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.

   Online Links:

   • https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/22930/folkpetrology.pdf?sequence=3

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L., 1980, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, TX, 184 p.

   Folk, Robert Louis, 1966, A review of grain-size parameters.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1966.tb01572.x

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R. L.,1966, A review of grain-size parameters: Sedimentology, v. 6, p. 73-93.

   Folk, Robert Louis, and Ward, William C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L., and Ward, W.C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 27, p. 3-26.

   Inman, Douglas Lamar, 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/D42694DB-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Inman, D.L., 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 22, p. 125-145.

   Jaquet, J.M., and Vernet, J.P., 1976, Moment and graphic size parameters in sediments of Lake Geneva (Switzerland).

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/212F6F46-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Jaquet J. M., and Vernet J.P., 1976, Moment and graphic size parameters in sediments of Lake Geneva (Switzerland): Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 46, p. 305-312.

   Inc., Penscil, 2015, pcSDSZ: Sediment Size Analysis Software for Windows Operation Manual Version 2.00, prepared for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Penscil Inc., 2015, pcSDSZ: Sediment Size Analysis Software for Windows Operation Manual Version 2.00, prepared for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology. Unpublished document.

   Syvitski, J., 1991, Principles, Methods, and Applications of Particle Size Analysis.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626142

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Syvitski, J., 1991, Principles, Methods, and Applications of Particle Size Analysis: Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 292 p.

   Trask, Parker D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.25.6.581

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Trask, P.D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge: Economic Geology, v. 25, p. 581-599.

   Trask, Parker D., 1932, Origin and environment of source sediments of petroleum.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/abs/origin-and-environment-of-source-sediments-of-petroleum-by-d-trask-parker-assisted-by-harold-e-hammar-and-c-c-wu-gulf-publishing-co-houston-texas-323-pp-1932/E4212BACC9A798808CC166A1DE4CF691#article

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Trask, P.D., 1932, Origin and environment of source sediments of petroleum: Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 323 p.

   Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5017 CO2 Coulometer.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5017 CO2 Coulometer, Joliet, IL, 2.0, p. 28-30.

   Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5200 Autosampler Furnace.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5200 Autosampler Furnace, Joliet, IL, 2.4, 13 p.

   Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5230 Acidification Module.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5230 Acidification Module, Joliet, IL, 2.1, p. 15-17.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   Occasional large shells/clams/worms were removed from grab samples when possible to do without disturbing or losing sample. Shell fragments greater than 2 mm were removed prior to grain size analysis. For grain-size analyses, annual service tests and daily calibrations with reference standards ensured that the Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 operated within specifications. Each sample was analyzed three times by the instrument and the data were averaged. In addition, a lab procedural duplicate was run with each batch of samples to ensure consistency and values were within 15 percent. For total carbon and total inorganic carbon analyses, duplicates were run for each sample and the results were averaged. PCMSC ensured that the instrument was within specifications by running blanks and pure, reagent-grade calcium carbonate standard before and after every 10 samples. A lab procedural duplicate was run with each batch of samples to ensure consistency and values were within 15 percent. The duplicate carbon values were within 15 percent.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Grab samples were taken from a small vessel anchored at the sample location. Subaerial marsh samples (sediment tiles and rip-up clasts) were located with RTK GPS equipment. Manufacturers stated accuracy from the least precise GPS equipment 3-5m.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Sample depth is referenced to the surface of the sample or core. Vertical accuracy of 0.25 cm.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata record carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Data values are within the expected values for bay and marsh sediments.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Surface-sediment grain-size data are available as a comma-delimited text file (WT_21_grainsize_bulkdensity_carbon .csv), along with associated FGDC-compliant metadata.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	comma-delimited text file in format comma-delimited text (version Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO version 2208) Size: 0.130
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P98BL0XF

   • Cost to order the data: None

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 22-Aug-2023

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)