Merged multibeam bathymetry - northern portion of the Southern California Continental Borderland

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Merged multibeam bathymetry - northern portion of the Southern California Continental Borderland
Abstract:
This part of the data release includes 25-m resolution merged multibeam-bathymetry data of the northern portion of the Southern California Continental Borderland. The data are presented as a TIFF file.
In February 2016 the University of Washington in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS, PCMSC) collected multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data in Catalina Basin aboard the University of Washington's Research Vessel Thomas G. Thompson. Data were collected using a Kongsberg EM300 multibeam echosounder hull-mounted to the 274-foot R/V Thomas G. Thompson. The USGS, PCMSC processed these data and produced a series of bathymetric surfaces and acoustic backscatter images for scientific research purposes. A 25-m bathymetric surface produced from this work was merged with publically available multibeam bathymetry data, as well as 2015, 2016, and 2017 multibeam bathymetry data collected in the continental borderland region by the Ocean Exploration Trust's Nautilus Exploration Program. The USGS, PCMSC processed the survey line files received from the Nautilus Exploration Program to include in the overall merged 25-m multibeam bathymetry surface of the northern portion of the Southern California Continental Borderland region that is available in this data release. These data can be used to assess the hazards posed by offshore faults, submarine landslides, and tsunamis as well as map sediment transport pathways and sedimentary sinks.
Supplemental_Information:
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-616-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=C696SC https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0475/ https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=C199SC https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3324/
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Dartnell, Peter, Roland, Emily C., Raineault, Nicole A., Castillo, Christopher M., Conrad, James E., Kane, Renato, Brothers, Daniel S., Kluesner, Jared, and Walton, Maureen A.L., 2017, Merged multibeam bathymetry - northern portion of the Southern California Continental Borderland: data release DOI:10.5066/F7DV1H3W, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Dartnell, Peter, Roland, Emily C., Raineault, Nicole A., Castillo, Christopher M., Conrad, James E., Kane, Renato R., Brothers, Daniel S., Kluesner, Jared W., and Walton, Maureen A.L., 2017, Multibeam bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data collected in 2016 in Catalina Basin, southern California and merged multibeam bathymetry datasets of the northern portion of the Southern California Continental Borderland: data release DOI:10.5066/F7DV1H3W, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.91
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -118.00
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.17
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.90
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1996
    Ending_Date: 2017
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition at time data were collected.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: TIFF
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 5507 x 7199 x 1, type Grid Cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 11
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.00000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.00
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 25.0
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 25.0
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.00.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: Mean Lower Low Water
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.1
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    value
    depth in meters relative to MLLW (Source: Producer defined)
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The complete 25-m resolution northeastern inner continental borderland bathymetry grid was originally archived as a TIFF image with the following attributes. 
    Cell size = 25.0
Number of rows = 5507
Number of columns = 7199

Data type = floating point

Boundary
Xmin = 228106.13
Xmax = 408081.13
Ymin = 3643569.45
Ymax = 3781244.45

Statistics
Minimum value = -1943.26
Maximum value = -0.02
Mean = -814.09
Standard deviation = 492.71

Coordinate system description
Projection  UTM
Zone  11
Datum  NAD83
Vertical Reference MLLW
Units  meter
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Peter Dartnell
    • Emily C. Roland
    • Nicole A. Raineault
    • Christopher M. Castillo
    • James E. Conrad
    • Renato Kane
    • Daniel S. Brothers
    • Jared Kluesner
    • Maureen A.L. Walton
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA
    United States

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify bathymetric features. These data are not intended to be used for navigation.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2015 (process 1 of 8)
    The USGS, PCMSC downloaded Simrad EM3000 multibeam echosounder survey line files for cruise MCD0212 (source organization: U.S. Navy) from the National Centers for Environmental Information, (http://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/relief.html. The line files were imported into MB-Systems software. XYZ data (x-coordinate, y-coordinate, depth) were extracted from all survey line files into a single XYZ file using the mblist command. The XYZ file was imported into the Fledermaus software package where obvious erroneous soundings were removed. The cleaned data were gridded into a 25-m surface and then exported as an ASCIIRaster file, imported into a Geographic Information System (ESRI, ArcMap), and converted to a grid. The grid was projected horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83, 2011) using the ESRI "WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983_(2011)" function in ArcTools.
    Date: 2016 (process 2 of 8)
    The USGS, PCMSC received Kongsberg EM300 multibeam echosounder survey line files from the University of Washington. The line files were imported into Caris HIPS and SIPS (ver. 9.0) software. The survey line files all had time stamps of July 1996 dates, not February 2016 dates. Once all Caris software references were changed to the 1996 dates the lines imported correctly. It was assumed that vessel lever arm offsets and water column sound velocity corrections were applied in the original line files. Verified 6-minute-interval MLLW water levels were downloaded for the harmonic Los Angeles tide station 9410660. The water levels were converted to the subordinate Avalon tide station by adding 8 minutes to the times and 0.29 m to the water levels (https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions.html?id=9410079&legacy=1). The water levels were applied to the data and the bathymetry soundings were cleaned of obvious bad soundings and manual refraction corrections were applied to some lines. The data were gridded into a 25-m base surface using the Swath Angle method. The surface was exported to an ASCIIRaster file in UTM-11 coordinates referenced to WGS84, mean lower low water, imported into a Geographic Information System (ESRI, ArcMap), and converted to a grid. The grid was projected horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83, 2011) using the ESRI "WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983_(2011)" function in ArcTools.
    Date: 2016 (process 3 of 8)
    The USGS, PCMSC downloaded processed XYZ data (x-coordinate, y-coordinate, depth) from Simrad EM302 multibeam echosounder survey line files for cruise EX1101 (chief scientist: Elizabeth Lobecker) from the National Centers for Environmental Information, (http://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/relief.html. The XYZ data were imported into the Fledermaus software package and converted to a grid at 25-m spatial resolution. The grid was exported as an ASCIIRaster file, imported into a Geographic Information System (ESRI, ArcMap), and converted to a grid. The grid was projected horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83, 2011) using the ESRI "WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983_(2011)" function in ArcTools.
    Date: 2017 (process 4 of 8)
    The USGS, PCMSC received 2015, 2016, and 2017 Kongsberg EM300 multibeam echosounder survey line files from the Ocean Exploration Trust's Nautilus Exploration Program (NA066, NA067, NA074, NA078, NA079, NA080, and NA083). The line files were imported into Caris HIPS and SIPS (ver. 9.0) software. It was assumed that vessel lever arm offsets and water column sound velocity corrections were applied in the original line files. Bathymetric soundings were cleaned of obvious bad soundings and manual refraction corrections were applied to some lines. The data were gridded into 25-m base surfaces using the Swath Angle method. The surfaces were exported to ASCIIRaster files in UTM-11 coordinates referenced to WGS84, mean lower low water, imported into a Geographic Information System (ESRI, ArcMap), and converted to grids. The grids were projected horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83, 2011) using the ESRI "WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983_(2011)" function in ArcTools.
    Date: 2017 (process 5 of 8)
    The USGS, PCMSC downloaded Kongsberg EM122 multibeam echosounder survey line files for cruise MV1010 (chief scientist: Monica Kohler) from the National Centers for Environmental Information, (http://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/relief.html. The line files were imported into Caris HIPS and SIPS (ver. 9.0) software. It was assumed that vessel lever arm offsets and water column sound velocity corrections were applied in the original line files. Bathymetric soundings were cleaned of obvious bad soundings and manual refraction corrections were applied to some lines. The data were gridded into a 25-m base surface using the Swath Angle method. The surface was exported to an ASCIIRaster file in UTM-11 coordinates referenced to WGS84, mean lower low water, imported into a Geographic Information System (ESRI, ArcMap), and converted to a grid. The grid was projected horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83, 2011) using the ESRI "WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983_(2011)" function in ArcTools.
    Date: 2017 (process 6 of 8)
    Publically available multibeam bathymetry data in GIS compatible formats were downloaded from various sources (see below) and imported into a GIS (ESRI, Arcmap). All higher-resolution data were down-sampled to 25-m spatial resolution. All needed datasets were projected horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83, 2011) using the ESRI "WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983_(2011)" function in ArcTools. The resulting datasets were merged with the 2016 UW-USGS 25-m bathymetry data (this data release), the EX1101, MV1010, MCD0212 bathymetry data, and the 2015-2017 Nautilus Exploration Program bathymetry data using the ESRI ArcTools "mosaic to new raster" tool resulting in one overall merged 25-m resolution bathymetry surface of the northeast inner continental borderland. Publically available bathymetry data sources: USGS Surveys: Los Angeles Margin (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0162/); Eastern Santa Barbara Channel (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1153); Scripps Institution of Oceanography and processed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Gulf of Santa Catalina (https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3324/); California State University, Monterey Bay Seafloor Mapping Lab, Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara Island, San Nicolas Island, Santa Barbara Channel Blocks A-C, and H11891 (http://seafloor.otterlabs.org/)
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 7 of 8)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2021 (process 8 of 8)
    Edited metadata to perform minor edits, correct typos, and bring the file up to PCMSC metadata standards. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Susan Cochran
    Geologist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Not applicable for raster data.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Unknown. The merged bathymetry map is a composite of many different surveys using different multibeam echosounders on different survey vessels and downloaded in different formats. For some raw survey line files, it was assumed that the vessel lever arm offsets and sound velocity profile data were applied in the original survey line files. There are also uncertainties owing to water depth and total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Unknown. The merged bathymetry map is a composite of many different surveys using different multibeam echosounders on different survey vessels and downloaded in different formats. For some raw survey line files, it was assumed that the vessel lever arm offsets and sound velocity profile data were applied in the original survey line files. There are also uncertainties owing to water depth and total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the University of Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, Ocean Exploration Trust's Nautilus Exploration Program, California State University Monterey Bay Seafloor Mapping lab, and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in TIFF format (merged_bathymetry_north_borderland_25m_UTM11_NAD83_MLLW.tif) contained in a single zip file (merged_bathymetry_north_borderland_25m_UTM11_NAD83_MLLW.zip), which includes a tif world file (.tfw) and CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. A shaded-relief version (merged_shadedrelief_north_borderland_25m_UTM11_NAD83.tif) is contained in a second zip file (merged_shadedrelief_north_borderland_25M_UTM11_NAD83.zip), which also includes a tif world file (.tfw) and CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ASCIIRaster file.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA
United States

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7DV1H3W/merged_bathymetry_north_borderland_25m_metadata.faq.html>
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