Dynamically downscaled future wave projections from SWAN model results for the main Hawaiian Islands

Metadata also available as - [Outline] - [Parseable text] - [XML]

Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Dynamically downscaled future wave projections from SWAN model results for the main Hawaiian Islands
Abstract:
Projected wave climate trends from WAVEWATCH3 model output were used as input for nearshore wave models (for example, SWAN) for the main Hawaiian Islands to derive data and statistical measures (mean and top 5 percent values) of wave height, wave period, and wave direction for the recent past (1996-2005) and future projections (2026-2045 and 2085-2100). Three-hourly global climate model (GCM) wind speed and wind direction output from four different GCMs provided by the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), were used as boundary conditions to the physics-based WAVEWATCH3 numerical wave model for the area encompassing the main Hawaiian islands. Two climate change scenarios for each of the four GCMs were run: the representative concentration pathway (RCP)-4.5 and RCP-8.5, representing a medium mitigation and a high emissions scenario, respectively. Simulation timeframes were limited to the years 2026-2045 and 2085-2100, as prescribed by the CMIP5 modeling framework. The WAVEWATCH3 modeled deep-water wave heights, wave periods, and wave directions, with current bathymetry were used as boundary conditions to drive simulations of mean and top 5 percent wave conditions at higher resolution over the insular shelves of the main Hawaiian islands using the 3rd-generation SWAN wave model. For each scenario, 12 simulations were made representing the month-averaged or top 5 percent conditions. The SWAN model is based on discrete spectral action balance equations, computing the evolution of random, short-crested waves. Physical processes such as bottom friction and depth induced breaking, and, non-linear quadruplet and triad wave-wave interactions are included. Wave propagation, growth, and decay are solved periodically throughout the model grid. The SWAN model has been shown to accurately model the propagation and breaking of waves over Pacific coral reefs.
Supplemental_Information:
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Elias, Edwin P.L., and Storlazzi, Curt D., 2019, Dynamically downscaled future wave projections from SWAN model results for the main Hawaiian Islands: data release DOI:10.5066/F7G73CP1, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.50000000
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -154.50000000
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.50000000
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.50000000
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433?name=location_allgrids.png&allowOpen=true (PNG)
    Image map of the high-resolution model grids. This map and additional example maps of the modelled results are available for download in PNG format from the main landing page of the data release (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433, 1.7MB).
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 2017
    Currentness_Reference:
    modelling date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF files
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
      The model results presented are for the main Hawaiian Islands, but the methods may be used for any geographic areas.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    NetCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Edwin P.L. Elias
    • Curt D. Storlazzi
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Changes in future wave climates in the tropical Pacific Ocean from global climate change are not well understood. Spatially and temporally varying waves dominate coastal morphology and ecosystem structure of the islands throughout the tropical Pacific. Waves also impact coastal infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and coastal-related economic activities of the islands. Whereas scientific understanding of the dominant processes controlling coastal morphology and coastal and marine ecosystem structure on islands has improved over the past decade, our understanding of the linkages between these factors and variations in the wave climate across the Pacific is limited. Furthermore, the influence of global climate change on wind and wave conditions is not well understood. Stationary statistical approaches (such as return values) have typically been used to predict future extreme and mean wind and wave conditions, but with the changing climate this may not be a valid approach. Although some nonstationary statistical approaches (for example, nonstationary generalized extreme values) may sufficiently capture the variations and changes, recent work seems to point in the direction that the current climate alone cannot be used to estimate future conditions. Information on potential changes in wave climate under future global climate change scenarios is therefore crucial to understanding not only the sustainability of existing infrastructure, natural, and cultural resources, but also planning for future investments in infrastructure and the viability of coastal-related economic activities such as fishing and tourism.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    data (source 1 of 1)
    Storlazzi, Curt D., Shope, James B., Erikson, Li H., Hegermiller, Christine A., and Barnard, Patrick L., 2015, Future wave and wind projections for the U.S. and U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands: U.S. Geological Survey, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: data tables in Appendices of digital report
    Source_Contribution: data used as input for model
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2017 (process 1 of 3)
    The following steps were used in development of the models. Modeling was completed by Edwin Elias of Deltares-USA. Please contact Curt Storlazzi (cstorlazzi@usgs.gov) with any questions. 1. Compile historical and future deep-water wave data for the main Hawaiian Islands from Storlazzi and others, 2015. 2. The WAVEWATCH3 modeled deep-water wave heights, wave periods, and wave directions, with current bathymetry were used as boundary conditions to drive simulations of mean and top 5 percent wave conditions at higher resolution over the insular shelves of the main Hawaiian Islands using the 3rd-generation SWAN wave model, version swan_4072ABCDE_del_w32_i11_omp.exe (available at https://www.tudelft.nl/en/ceg/about-faculty/departments/hydraulic-engineering/sections/environmental-fluid-mechanics/research/swan/, last accessed 10 September 2019). The WAVEWATCH3 scenarios used were representative concentration pathway (RCP)-4.5 and RCP-8.5, representing a medium mitigation and a high emissions scenario, respectively. Simulation timeframes were limited to the years 2026-2045 and 2085-2100, as prescribed by the CMIP5 modeling framework. 3. The data are grouped into four island groups (1) Kauai, Niihau, and Kaula; (2) Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe; (3) Oahu; and, (4) the Island of Hawaii, and projected in the UTM coordinate system (zone 4). For each of the island groups, five climate scenarios are presented, and are represented by their file names: hindcast, RPC4.5 mid-century (RCP4_5m), RPC4.5 end-of-century (RCP4_5e), RPC8.5 mid-century (RCP8_5m), RPC8.5 end-of-century (RCP8_5e). 4. For each scenario, 12 simulations were made representing the month-averaged (represented by “mean” in the file name) or top 5 percent conditions (represented by “top5” in the file name). A total of 10 zipped NetCDF files are available for each island group. 5. Significant wave height, mean absolute wave period, mean wave length, mean wave steepness, orbital velocity near bottom and relative peak wave period were output from the SWAN model. Mean and peak direction are stored as wave vectors, respectively the significant wave height vector (based on the mean direction), and significant wave height vector (based on the peak direction).
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 2 of 3)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2021 (process 3 of 3)
    Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Susan A. Cochran
    Geologist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    See Pearson and others (2017) for an in-depth discussion of accuracy.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor are they applicable
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor are they applicable
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge Deltares and the U.S. Geological Survey as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable data in NetCDF format.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7G73CP1/HI_FutureWaveProjections_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Thu Oct 14 14:47:21 2021