Still-image frame grabs and benthic habitat interpretation of underwater video footage, March 2014, Faga`alu Bay, American Samoa

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Still-image frame grabs and benthic habitat interpretation of underwater video footage, March 2014, Faga`alu Bay, American Samoa
Abstract:
Underwater video was collected in March 2014 in the nearshore waters of Faga`alu Bay on the island of Tutuila, American Samoa, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Pacific Coral Reefs Project. This dataset includes 2,119 still images extracted from the video footage every 10 seconds and an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefile of individual still-image locations with benthic habitat interpretations for each image.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-604-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    D’Antonio, Nicole L., and Gibbs, Ann E., 2016, Still-image frame grabs and benthic habitat interpretation of underwater video footage, March 2014, Faga`alu Bay, American Samoa: data release DOI:10.5066/F7N877V1, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.682587
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.670437
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.284758
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.295932
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5684747ce4b0a04ef49335c6?name=W0114SP_FrameGrabLocations.jpg&allowOpen=true (JPG)
    image map showing Faga’alu Bay overlaid with locations of still frame grabs
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 04-Mar-2014
    Ending_Date: 08-Mar-2014
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition at time data were collected
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set (Point)
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (2119)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0198244900. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0206891925. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal seconds. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Attribute Table
    Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. (Source: Producer defined)
    LON
    Geographic longitude in decimal degrees WGS84, west longitudes negative (Source: ESRI "http://support.esri.com/en/knowledgebase/gisdictionary/term/longitude)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-170.682587
    Maximum:-170.670437
    LAT
    Geographic latitude in decimal degrees WGS84, south longitudes negative (Source: ESRI "http://support.esri.com/en/knowledgebase/gisdictionary/term/longitude)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-14.295932
    Maximum:-14.284758
    ISLAND
    Name of nearest island (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    TutuilaThe island of Tutuila, American Samoa
    DATE_
    Date of collection (UTC) (Source: Red Hen Systems)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3/4/2014
    Maximum:11/25/2014
    UTC
    UTC time (MS OLE format) (Source: Microsoft "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/241072")
    Range of values
    Minimum:41702.984201
    Maximum:41706.044549
    VIDEO_ID
    Name of processed video file from which still-frame images were extracted (Source: Producer defined) Data from numbered files were collected with the BOBSled camera system
    IMAGE_ID
    Filename of extracted still-image (Source: Red Hen Systems) Unique identifier for each still image
    VTR_TIME
    Time code reference from video hardware (Source: Red Hen Systems) Time at which still frame was grabbed in video
    UNIQUE_ID
    Unique identifier assigned to each image according to modified classification scheme (Source: Each still image was assigned a Unique Identifier following a modified classification scheme established by Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, 2004.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1114
    Maximum:2963
    M_STRUCT
    The major structure (or substrate) types are defined as one of four major classes (Coral Reef and Hardbottom, Unconsolidated Sediment, Other Delineations, and Unknown). (Source: Producer defined (Coyne and others, 2003))
    ValueDefinition
    Coral Reef and HardbottomUnknown
    Unconsolidated SedimentUnknown
    D_STRUCT
    The dominant structure types are defined as one of thirteen detailed classes. (Source: Producer defined (Coyne and others, 2003))
    ValueDefinition
    Aggregate ReefHigh relief, lacking sand channels of spur and groove.
    Aggregated Patch ReefClustered patch reefs that individually are too small (less than the minimum mapping unit) or are too close together to map separately.
    MudFine sediment, often associated with river discharge and (or) build-up of organic material in areas sheltered from high-energy waves and currents.
    PavementFlat, low-relief, solid carbonate or volcanic rock.
    Reef RubbleDead, unstable coral rubble.
    Rock/Boulder (Volcanic and Carbonate)Solid carbonate blocks and/or boulders or volcanic rock.
    SandCoarse sediment typically found in areas exposed to currents or wave energy.
    Scattered Coral/RockSubstrate with scattered rocks or small, isolated coral heads that are too small to be delineated individually (smaller than an individual patch reef)
    M_COVER
    Major biological functional group (Source: Producer defined (Coyne and others, 2003))
    ValueDefinition
    CoralLiving stony corals
    Coralline AlgaeAny combination of numerous species of encrusting or other coralline algae.
    MacroalgaeAny combination of any species of red, green, or brown macroalgae (greater than 2 cm tall).
    OctocoralOcotocorals
    Turf AlgaeA community of low lying species of marine algae composed of any or a combination of algal divisions dominated by filamentous species lacking upright fleshy macroalgal thali (less than 2 cm tall).
    Uncolonizedless than 10 percent biological cover
    UnknownUnknown
    P_COVER
    Percent of biological cover on a defined substrate (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    10% - <50%Unknown
    50% - <90%Unknown
    90% - 100%Unknown
    UnknownUnknown
    COVER_TYPE
    Concatenated field of M_COVER and P_COVER (Source: Producer defined (Coyne and others 2003))
    ValueDefinition
    Coral 10% - <50%Unknown
    Coral 50% - <90%Unknown
    Coral 90% - 100%Unknown
    Coral UnknownUnknown
    Coralline Algae 10% - <50%Unknown
    Coralline Algae 50% - <90%Unknown
    Coralline Algae UnknownUnknown
    Corallline Algae 10% - <50%Unknown
    Macroalgae 10% - <50%Unknown
    Macroalgae 50% - <90%Unknown
    Macroalgae 90% - 100%Unknown
    Octocoral 10% - <50%Unknown
    Turf Algae 10% - <50%Unknown
    Turf Algae 50% - <90%Unknown
    Uncolonized 90% - 100%Unknown
    UnknownUnknown
    ZONE
    Zones identified from land to open water corresponding to typical insular shelf and coral reef geomorphology (Source: Producer defined (Coyne and others, 2003))
    ValueDefinition
    Bank/ShelfThe edge of the bank/shelf where depth increases rapidly into deep, oceanic water.
    ChannelNaturally occurring channels that often cut across several other zones.
    Fore ReefArea from the seaward edge of the reef crest that slopes into deeper water to the landward edge of the bank/shelf platform.
    Reef CrestThe flattened, emergent (especially during low tides) or nearly emergent segment of a reef. This zone lies between the back reef and fore reef zones.
    Reef FlatShallow (semi-exposed) area between the shoreline intertidal zone and the reef crest of a fringing reef. This zone is protected from the high-energy waves commonly experienced on the shelf and reef crest.
    Vertical WallArea with near-vertical slope.
    CORAL_TYPE
    Coral visibly present in image, identified to genus. (Source: Producer defined) Unknown
    NOTES
    Additional observations noted. (Source: Producer defined) Unknown
    FACS_ID
    USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Field Activity Collection System (FACS) Identification Code (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    W-01-14-SPUnknown
    CMGDS_ID
    USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) Identification Code (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    2014-604-FAUnknown
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Nicole L. D’Antonio
    • Ann E. Gibbs
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission St
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The imagery was collected to improve seafloor characterization and for the development and groundtruthing of benthic habitat maps.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 24-Nov-2014 (process 1 of 8)
    Video footage was indexed using Red Hen System's proprietary software Media Mapper to create a navigation trackpoint shapefile for each video file. Two feature layers were created in Media Mapper; one that contains a still-image frame grabbed manually from the video at each distinct change in seafloor environment assumed to be continuous over an area of at least 100 meters squared and one that contains still-image frames grabbed automatically every 10 seconds of video.
    Date: 04-Dec-2014 (process 2 of 8)
    Still images were color corrected using Adobe Photoshop. Images that were not interpretable due to blurriness or unidentifiable substrate type were removed from the dataset.
    Date: 21-Aug-2015 (process 3 of 8)
    Each image was assigned a Unique Identifier (UNIQUE_ID) following a benthic habitat classification scheme established by the NOAA Biogeography Program (Coyne and others, 2003). In addition to benthic habitat classification, the genus of all identifiable corals present in each still image was recorded. Additional interpretations of structure and/or benthic cover were described in the NOTES attribute.
    Date: 25-Sep-2015 (process 4 of 8)
    All data were compiled into a single shapefile.
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 5 of 8)
    Keywords section of metadata edited for consistency across the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center and to further optimize discovery in search engines and data catalogs. Metadata was modified to bring up to current USGS PCMSC standards. Minor typos were corrected. No data information was changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    Susan A Cochran
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geologist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    (831) 460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
    Date: 05-Sep-2018 (process 6 of 8)
    Corrected Point of Contact and Metadata Contact phone number prefix. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    Susan A Cochran
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    2885 Mission St.
    Santa Cruz, CA
    United States

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
    Date: 10-Jul-2020 (process 7 of 8)
    Corrected Network_Resource_Link URL for direct download of data and metadata. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    Susan A Cochran
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    2885 Mission St.
    Santa Cruz, CA
    United States

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 8 of 8)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Gibbs, Ann E., and D’Antonio, Nicole L., 2016, Underwater video footage, March 2014, Faga'alu Bay, Tutuila Island, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    Cochran, Susan A., Gibbs, Ann E., D’Antonio, Nicole L., and Storlazzi, Curt D., 2016, Benthic habitat map of U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Faga'alu Bay priority study area, Tutuila, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Coyne, M.S., Battista, T.A., Anderson, M., Waddell, J., Smith, W., Jokiel, P., Kendall, M.S., and Monaco, M.E., 2003, Benthic Habitats of the Main Hawaiian Islands.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Coyne and others, 2003, Benthic Habitats of the Main Hawaiian Islands: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Memorandum, NOS NCCOS CCMA 152, Silver Spring, MD.
    Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, 2004, Mapping of benthic habitats for U.S. Pacific Territories—American Samoa, Guam, and The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, 2004, Mapping of benthic habitats for U.S. Pacific Territories—American Samoa, Guam, and The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Memorandum, Task Order II Project Completion Report: for BAE Systems Spectral Solutions under contract to NOAA, Silver Spring, MD.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Accuracy of dataset attribute information was deduced to be good based both on visual examination of still images, video imagery, navigation trackline location on agreement with observer's field knowledge.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The positions of the data reflect the position of the GPS antenna on board the boat when data were collected and not the real location of the camera in the water. Positional data in this report were not corrected for layback and thus represent only approximate locations.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data represent ground conditions of Faga`alu Bay only along individual tracklines where data were collected.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data are logically accurate

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested; Suggested credit: Photo by USGS (or U.S. Geological Survey, depending on audience).
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - Science Base
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Accompanying still frame grabs are in .jpg format; file names correspond to frame grab locations in the associated shapefile
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and importing and viewing an ArcGIS shapefile.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission St
Santa Cruz, CA
USA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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