Physics-based numerical circulation model outputs of ocean surface circulation during the 2010-2013 summer coral-spawning seasons in Maui Nui, Hawaii, USA

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Physics-based numerical circulation model outputs of ocean surface circulation during the 2010-2013 summer coral-spawning seasons in Maui Nui, Hawaii, USA
Abstract:
Ocean surface current results from a physics-based, 3-dimensional coupled ocean-atmosphere numerical model were generated to understand coral larval dispersal patterns in Maui Nui, Hawaii, USA. The model was used to simulate coral larval dispersal patterns from a number of existing State-managed reefs and large tracks of reefs with high coral coverage that might be good candidates for marine-protected areas (MPAs) during 8 spawning events during 2010-2013. The goal of this effort is to provide geophysical data to help provide guidance to sustain coral health in Maui Nui, Hawaii, USA. Each model output run is available as a netCDF file with self-contained attribute information. Each file name is appended with the model-simulation date in YYYYMMDD format; the file name denotes the beginning of simulation portion of the model run, with the model starting and spinning up over two days before the model-simulation date in the file name.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Storlazzi, Curt D., Ormondt, Maarten van, Chen, Yi-Leng, and Elias, Edwin P.L., 2016, Physics-based numerical circulation model outputs of ocean surface circulation during the 2010-2013 summer coral-spawning seasons in Maui Nui, Hawaii, USA: data release DOI:10.5066/F7NK3C59, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.4315
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.7729
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.3797
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.4098
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 25-Jul-2010
    Ending_Date: 21-Aug-2013
    Currentness_Reference:
    calendar dates of model simulations
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 111 x 172 x 1, type Grid Cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 4N
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
      False_Easting: 500000
      False_Northing: 0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGX_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.00000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.2572236.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    netCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself. The attributes are as follows: time: time in seconds since 2000-1-1T00:00:00Z with a fill value of -999 (type double) x: x-coordinate (UTM zone 4N) in meters with a fill value of -999 (type double) y: y-coordinate (UTM zone 4N) in meters with a fill value of -999 (type double) u: surface current (0-2 meters depth) in the x (eastward) direction in meters/second with a fill value of -999 (type double) v: surface current (0-2 meters depth) in y (northward) direction in meters/second with a fill value of -999 (type double) crs: WGS 84 / UTM zone 4N EPSG:32604
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Curt D. Storlazzi
    • Maarten van Ormondt
    • Yi-Leng Chen
    • Edwin P.L. Elias
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Curt D. Storlazzi
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Research Oceanographer
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    831-460-7521 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    cstorlazzi@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These model data show not only the relatively short timescales of dispersal between the adjacent high islands in Maui Nui, but also the interconnected nature of the islands that has been identified in genetic studies. These simulations make it possible to investigate not only the general surface dispersal patterns from individual coral reefs in the Maui Nui complex of Hawaii, USA, but also how anomalous conditions during individual spawning events can result in large deviations from those general patterns. These data also help identify those reefs that are dominated by self-seeding and those where little self-seeding occurs to determine their relative susceptibility to stressors and potential roadblocks to recovery. These results provide some of the fundamental, sound scientific information that is generally lacking but needed to help guide the design of mutually supporting MPAs to protect and preserve coral reefs.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    WRF-ARW (source 1 of 9)
    Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF), 2016, Advanced Research Weather (ARW) model ver. 3.5: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, CO.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution:
    ARW model was used as the basis for wind model forecasts using NCEP-GFS data as input
    NCEP-GFS (source 2 of 9)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), 2016, Global Forecast System (GFS): National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital dataset
    Source_Contribution: data from NCEP-GFS was used as input for WRF-ARW
    WWIII (source 3 of 9)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS), 2016, WAVEWATCH III Model, ver. 3.14: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution:
    data from WWIII global wave model was used as input for wave forcing, which in turn, was used to drive the SWAN model
    SWAN (source 4 of 9)
    Delft University of Technology, 2016, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model, ver. 4072ABCDE: Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution:
    wave forcing determined from WWIII was used to drive the SWAN model portion of this modeling effort
    Delft3D-Flow (source 5 of 9)
    Deltares, 2016, Delft3D-Flow, ver. 5.01.00.2163: Deltares, Delft, Netherlands.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution:
    the Delft3D-Flow module (of the Delft3D Model) was used to simulate water motion in this modeling effort
    Delft3D-Wave (source 6 of 9)
    Deltares, 2016, Delft3D-Wave, ver. 3.05.02.????: Deltares, Delft, Netherlands.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution:
    the Delft3D-Wave module (of the Delft3D Model) was used to simulate waves in this modeling effort
    bathy (source 7 of 9)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geophysical Data Center, 2016, U.S. Coastal Relief Model: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    3 arc-s bathymetry data were used as input for this modeling effort
    HYCOM (source 8 of 9)
    HYCOM consortium, Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, 2016, HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM): Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution:
    horizontal current velocities, water temperature, and salinity data from HYCOM were used in this modeling effort
    TPXO (source 9 of 9)
    University, Oregon State, 2016, TOPEX/Poseidon Global Inverse Solution (TPXO): Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Downloadable digital model
    Source_Contribution: tidal data from TPXO were used in this modeling effort
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 01-Aug-2016 (process 1 of 3)
    The Weather Research and Forecast’s Advanced Research Weather (WRF-ARW) model was used as the basis for wind model forecasts using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (NCEP-GFS) data with a 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree grid dynamically downscaled to 2 km. Wave forcing for the circulation model was obtained from NOAA’s WAVEWATCH-III global wave model, which was used, in turn, to drive a Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model. A Delft3D coupled 3-dimensional, wave-current numerical circulation model for the Maui Nui complex of Hawaii was constructed to examine the effects of winds, waves, tides, and regional currents on circulation in and amongst the islands of Maui Nui. Delft3D-Flow module of the Delft3D model forms the core of the model system to simulate water motion. Two Delft3D models were constructed: (1) the coarser Regional Hawaii Model, and (2) the finer-scale Maui Nui Model, which was nested within the larger Regional Hawaii Model. Results presented here are from the finer-scale Maui Nui model. The bathymetry data for these models were obtained from NOAA’s National Geophysical Data Center’s U.S. Coastal Relief Model 3 arc-s bathymetric dataset. Both of these models consist of the Delft3D-flow and Delft3D-wave modules. The Regional Hawaii Model is a 3-dimensional, rectangular gridded model with 5-km grid resolution. In order to include large-scale oceanic circulation effects, this model was forced using the 3-dimensional global (1/12 degree resolution) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model’s (HYCOM) horizontal current velocities, water temperature, and salinity outputs. Tidal information at the boundaries of the coarser Delft3D model was provided by the Oregon State University TOPEX/Poseidon global inverse solution (TPXO). The Maui Nui Model has a 3-dimensional, curvilinear domain with a grid cell resolution of 1 km. The water level, temperature, salinity, and horizontal current velocity boundary conditions necessary to accurately force the Maui Nui Model were supplied by the Regional Hawaii Model using the Delft3D dynamically-downscaling nesting procedure. On the free surface, wind was implemented as a shear stress based on the WRF-ARW wind model data.
    Date: 01-Aug-2016 (process 2 of 3)
    Each Delft3D model output run was imported to Matlab and then exported as a netCDF file with self-contained attribute information. Each file name is appended with the model-simulation date in YYYYMMDD format; the file name denotes the beginning of simulation portion of the model run, with the model starting and spinning up over two days before the model-simulation date in the file name.
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 3 of 3)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Storlazzi, Curt D., Ormondt, Maarten van, Chen, Yi-Leng, and Elias, Edwin P.L., 2016, Modeling fine-scale coral larval dispersal and interisland connectivity to help design mutually-supporting coral reef Marine Protected Areas: Insights from Maui Nui, Hawaii: manuscript DOI:10.3389/fmars.2017.00381, Frontiers in Marine Science, San Francisco, California.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data fall within expected ranges.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    USA

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable ocean-circulation model results in netCDF format
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    Several software packages can read netCDF files. Please see the following website for a list of freely available software that can read these files: http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/software.html

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Curt D. Storlazzi
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Research Oceanographer
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA
USA

831-460-7521 (voice)
831-427-4748 (FAX)
cstorlazzi@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7NK3C59/surfvel.mauinui_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:17:19 2021