Grain size analysis and total carbon content of sediment subsamples from gravity cores and push cores from the Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge)

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What does this data set describe?

Title:
Grain size analysis and total carbon content of sediment subsamples from gravity cores and push cores from the Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge)
Abstract:
This portion of the data release contains grain size and total carbon analysis of sediment subsamples from push cores and gravity cores collected from the Escanaba Trough vent field, Gorda Ridge, in the northeast Pacific Ocean. These data were collected in 2022 (USGS Field Activity 2022-621-FA). Data include location information (latitude, longitude, depth), and the weight percent of 65 phi bins, four size fractions (gravel, sand, silt, clay), total carbon, inorganic carbon, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activity or activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-621-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Adamczyk, Katlin Bowman, Gartman, Amy, Favela, Jaycee, and Tidwell, Jacob, 20250317, Grain size analysis and total carbon content of sediment subsamples from gravity cores and push cores from the Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge): data release DOI:10.5066/P13B46QX, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Adamczyk, Katlin Bowman, Gartman, Amy, Favela, Jaycee, and Tidwell, Jacob, 2025, Computed tomography (CT) scans, photographs, geochemistry, grain-size and total carbon analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scans, X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility, and gamma-ray bulk density data of gravity cores and push cores from the Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge): data release DOI:10.5066/P13B46QX, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested Citation: Adamczyk, K., Gartman, A., Favela, J., and Tidwell, J., 2025, Computed tomography (CT) scans, photographs, geochemistry, grain-size and total carbon analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scans, X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility, and gamma-ray bulk density data of gravity cores and push cores from the Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13B46QX.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -127.5280
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -127.4470
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.0822
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.6957
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/673bb27ad34ee39d4683a64e?name=pushcore.jpg&allowOpen=true (JPEG)
    Push core sediment collection with a remotely operated vehicle.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 10-May-2023
    Ending_Date: 15-May-2023
    Currentness_Reference:
    Date that the last process step was completed
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (34)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    TN403_GrainSize_TotalCarbon.csv
    Comma-delimited file containing results from grain size and total carbon analysis of marine sediment samples at the latitude, longitude, and water depth of each sample location. The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: Producer defined)
    Sample_ID
    The sample ID for each sample (Source: Producer defined) Sample IDs for gravity cores are formatted as GC#-section (e.g., GC08-X is gravity core 08 section X). Gravity core sections are 'X' (0-60 cm), 'Y' (60-120 cm), and 'Z' (>120 cm). Sample IDs for push cores are formatted as Dive#-PushCore# (e.g., J2-1418-PC03 is ROV Jason dive number J2-1418, push core number 03). Duplicate analyses are indicated by "-duplicate" appended to the Sample ID.
    Subsample_Depth_Interval
    The subsample depth interval for each sample (Source: Producer defined) The depth interval, measured in centimeters from the top of the sediment-water interface in push cores and gravity core 'X' sections, or the top of the core liner for gravity core 'Y' and 'Z' sections. For example, GC06-Z-0–2 represents 0–2 cm in section Z of gravity core 06; 0 cm here is the top of section Z, not the sediment-water interface of the entire gravity core.
    Latitude
    Latitude at which sample was collected (Source: TN403_CoreLocations)
    Range of values
    Minimum:40.6957
    Maximum:41.0822
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:.0001
    Longitude
    Longitude at which sample was collected (Source: TN403_CoreLocations)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-127.5280
    Maximum:-127.4470
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:.0001
    Water_Depth
    Water depth in meters at which the sample was collected (Source: TN403_CoreLocations)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3223
    Maximum:3320
    Units:meters
    Resolution:1
    -4.00phi_16mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -4.00 phi, or 16 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -3.75phi_13.5mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.75 phi, or 13.5 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:35.91
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -3.50phi_11.2mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.50 phi, or 11.2 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -3.25phi_9.51mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.25 phi, or 9.51 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -3.00phi_8mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.00 phi, or 8 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -2.75phi_6.73mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.75 phi, or 6.73 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:8.52
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -2.50phi_5.66mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.50 phi, or 5.66 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:32.41
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -2.25phi_4.76mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.25 phi, or 4.76 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:3.60
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -2.00phi_4mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.00 phi, or 4 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:9.08
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -1.75phi_3.36mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.75 phi, or 3.36 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:2.53
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -1.50phi_2.83mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.50 phi, or 2.83 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:2.04
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -1.25phi_2.38mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.25 phi, or 2.38 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:3.29
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -1.00phi_2mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.00 phi, or 2 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.59
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -0.75phi_1.68mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -0.75 phi, or 1.68 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.53
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -0.50phi_1.41mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -0.50 phi, or 1.41 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.13
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    -0.25phi_1.19mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -0.25 phi, or 1.19 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.47
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    0.00phi_1mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.00 phi, or 1 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.94
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    0.25phi_0.8409mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.25 phi, or 0.8409 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:2.03
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    0.50phi_0.7071mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.50 phi, or 0.7071 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.94
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    0.75phi_0.5946mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.75 phi, or 0.5946 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.55
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    1.00phi_0.5mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.00 phi, or 0.5 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.45
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    1.25phi_0.4204mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.25 phi, or 0.4204 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:1.74
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    1.50phi_0.3536mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.50 phi, or 0.3536 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:2.63
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    1.75phi_0.2973mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.75 phi, or 0.2973 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:4.23
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    2.00phi_0.25mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.00 phi, or 0.25 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:6.37
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    2.25phi_0.2102mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.25 phi, or 0.2102 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:8.16
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    2.50phi_0.1768mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.50 phi, or 0.1768 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:8.96
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    2.75phi_0.1487mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.75 phi, or 0.1487 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:9.94
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    3.00phi_0.125mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.00 phi, or 0.125 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.01
    Maximum:10.30
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    3.25phi_0.1051mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.25 phi, or 0.1051 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.02
    Maximum:11.59
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    3.50phi_0.088388mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.50 phi, or 0.088388 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.06
    Maximum:11.60
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    3.75phi_0.074325mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.75 phi, or 0.074325 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.18
    Maximum:10.07
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    4.00phi_0.0625mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.00 phi, or 0.0625 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.32
    Maximum:7.72
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    4.25phi_0.052556mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.25 phi, or 0.052556 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.39
    Maximum:6.82
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    4.50phi_0.044194mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.50 phi, or 0.044194 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.45
    Maximum:7.58
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    4.75phi_0.037163mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.75 phi, or 0.037163 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.54
    Maximum:7.45
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    5.00phi_0.03125mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.00 phi, or 0.03125 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.63
    Maximum:6.67
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    5.25phi_0.026278mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.25 phi, or 0.026278 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.65
    Maximum:6.42
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    5.50phi_0.022097mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.50 phi, or 0.022097 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.62
    Maximum:5.88
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    5.75phi_0.018581mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.75 phi, or 0.018581 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.64
    Maximum:5.33
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    6.00phi_0.015625mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.00 phi, or 0.015625 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.76
    Maximum:5.01
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    6.25phi_0.013139mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.25 phi, or 0.013139 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.85
    Maximum:4.77
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    6.50phi_0.011049mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.50 phi, or 0.011049 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.83
    Maximum:4.52
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    6.75phi_0.009291mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.75 phi, or 0.009291 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.81
    Maximum:4.78
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    7.00phi_0.007813mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.00 phi, or 0.007813 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.80
    Maximum:5.12
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    7.25phi_0.00657mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.25 phi, or 0.00657 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.78
    Maximum:5.46
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    7.50phi_0.005524mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.50 phi, or 0.005524 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.76
    Maximum:5.90
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    7.75phi_0.004645mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.75 phi, or 0.004645 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.72
    Maximum:6.15
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    8.00phi_0.003906mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.00 phi, or 0.003906 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.69
    Maximum:6.34
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    8.25phi_0.003285mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.25 phi, or 0.003285 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.67
    Maximum:6.28
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    8.50phi_0.002762mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.50 phi, or 0.002762 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.63
    Maximum:5.88
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    8.75phi_0.002323mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.75 phi, or 0.002323 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.61
    Maximum:5.58
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    9.00phi_0.001953mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.00 phi, or 0.001953 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.60
    Maximum:5.24
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    9.25phi_0.001642mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.25 phi, or 0.001642 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.59
    Maximum:4.91
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    9.50phi_0.001381mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.50 phi, or 0.001381 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.59
    Maximum:4.63
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    9.75phi_0.001161mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.75 phi, or 0.001161 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.58
    Maximum:4.42
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    9.99phi_0.000983mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.99 phi, or 0.000983 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.53
    Maximum:4.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    10.25phi_0.000821mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.25 phi, or 0.000821 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.50
    Maximum:3.84
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    10.50phi_0.000691mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.50 phi, or 0.000691 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.41
    Maximum:3.20
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    10.75phi_0.000581mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.75 phi, or 0.000581 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.33
    Maximum:2.59
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    10.99phi_0.000492mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.99 phi, or 0.000492 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.23
    Maximum:1.80
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    11.25phi_0.000411mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 11.25 phi, or 0.000411 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.13
    Maximum:1.02
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    11.48phi_0.00035mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 11.48 phi, or 0.00035 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.03
    Maximum:.24
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    12.02phi_0.000241mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 12.02 phi, or 0.000241 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    13.02phi_0.00012mm
    Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 13.02 phi, or 0.00012 mm. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.00
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    Percent_Gravel
    Percent of sample greater than 2 mm (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:58.87
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    Percent_Sand
    Percent of sample greater than 2 mm and greater than 63 microns (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.59
    Maximum:72.36
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    Percent_Silt
    Percent of sample less than 63 microns and greater than 4 microns (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:15.66
    Maximum:72.13
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    Percent_Clay
    Percent of sample less than 4 microns (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:6.49
    Maximum:53.64
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    Percent_Mud
    Percent of sample less than 63 microns (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:27.64
    Maximum:99.41
    Units:percent
    Resolution:.01
    Total_carbon_percent
    Average value of duplicate analyses of total carbon content (TC). The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.19
    Maximum:1.57
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.01
    Total_organic_carbon_percent
    Average value of duplicate analyses of total organic carbon content (TOC). The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.13
    Maximum:1.52
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.01
    Total_inorganic_carbon_percent
    Average value of duplicate analyses of total inorganic carbon content (TIC). The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:.57
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.01
    Calcium_carbonate_percent
    Calcium carbonate calculated as percent total inorganic carbon * 8.333. The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:.00
    Maximum:4.78
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.01
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Katlin Bowman Adamczyk
    • Amy Gartman
    • Jaycee Favela
    • Jacob Tidwell
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Exploring the Seafloor and Oceanic Footprints is an interagency effort involving the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Funding is acknowledged from NOAA Ocean Exploration via its Ocean Exploration Fiscal Year 2019 Funding Opportunity and through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), from the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Enhanced Funding Opportunities, and from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management through Interagency Agreement M19PG00021 with the United States Geological Survey.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Data were obtained to characterize downcore geochemical properties of sediments. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    TN403_CoreLocations (source 1 of 1)
    Adamczyk, Katlin, Gartman, Amy, Favela, Jaycee, and Tidwell, Jacob, 2025, Location and water depth for gravity cores and push cores from the Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge): U.S. Geological Survey, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: U.S. Geological Survey data release
    Source_Contribution:
    Latitude, longitude, and water depth information for gravity cores and push cores from this same data release.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 13-Jun-2022 (process 1 of 6)
    Push core and gravity core samples were collected on the R/V Thomas G. Thompson between May 24, 2022, and June 13, 2022, during the TN403 Escanaba Trough expedition, which was led and staffed by USGS employees. Push cores were pushed into sediment at 37 locations by ROV Jason’s manipulator arm in water depths between 3201 and 3301 meters. Gravity cores were collected using a gravity corer at 7 locations in water depths between 3209 and 3304 meters. Gravity cores greater than 60 cm in length were cut into sections onboard the ship and labeled ‘X’ (0-60 cm), ‘Y’ (60-120 cm), and ‘Z’ (>120 cm). All cores were stored upright and refrigerated until return to shore.
    Date: 20-Jun-2022 (process 2 of 6)
    In the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Core Preparation and Analysis Laboratory, subsamples were collected from relevant stratigraphic regions of the core. Pelagic clay and organic-rich sediments were air-dried and sulfidic sediments were dried in a glove bag purged with nitrogen gas. Person who carried out this activity:
    Katlin Adamczyk
    USGS
    Physical Scientist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7420 (voice)
    kadamczyk@usgs.gov
    Date: 15-May-2023 (process 3 of 6)
    Grain-size analysis was conducted by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 particle size analyzer with an aqueous liquid module attachment. PCMSC procedures are modified from those described in Carver (1971) and Folk (1974, 1980). 5-50 grams of sediment was sub-sampled and at least 10 milliliters of 30 percent hydrogen peroxide was added to oxidize overnight to remove organics. The samples were then heated to 250 degrees Celsius to drive off excess hydrogen peroxide. Next, samples were placed in an ultrasonic bath to help disperse silt and clay (mud) from sand and larger-sized particles. Samples were then rinsed twice in deionized water with centrifugation to remove soluble ions. Subsequently, the samples were wet sieved with 1 millimeter and 0.063 millimeter sieves to segregate the combined gravel and coarse sand fraction (greater than 1 millimeter), sand (1 millimeter to 0.063 millimeter), and mud (less than 0.063 millimeter). The coarse sand + gravel fractions were then dried, dry sieved at 1/4phi intervals and weighed (Carver, 1971). The sand fraction was dried and weighed. The mud fraction was collected in a 1 liter graduated cylinder, 5 milliliters of at least 10 percent sodium hexametaphosphate (dispersant) was added, and deionized water was added to bring the total the volume to 1 liter. The mud + dispersant solution sat overnight to ensure complete dispersion and to observe if flocculation occurred. Subsequently, a 20 milliliter aliquot was extracted from the graduated cylinder and dried to obtain the mud fraction weight normalized to a 1-liter basis. The mud and sand fractions were analyzed separately via the Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 with the aqueous liquid module attachment. All size fraction data were compiled and converted by the PCMSC Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory pcSDSZ program version 1.71 (Penscil, 2015) to a grain-size distribution at 1/4phi size intervals on a weight percent basis. pcSDSZ also calculated interpolated sizes and graphical statistics on a percent coarser basis (Folk and Ward, 1957; Folk, 1966; Folk, 1974, 1980; Inman, 1952; Trask, 1930, 1932) and moment measures (Collias and others, 1963; Jaquet and Vernet, 1976; Folk 1980). Person who carried out this activity:
    Angela Tan
    USGS
    Physical Scientist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7409 (voice)
    atan@usgs.gov
    Date: 15-May-2023 (process 4 of 6)
    Grain sizes at select cumulative percentage values (D) were calculated by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory software pcSDSZ version 1.71 on a percent coarser basis, which summed from coarse to fine bins. D values were interpolated between phi bins bracketing the specified D value. Grain sizes were converted into units of millimeters (mm) using the formula mm=reciprocal of 2(exponent)phi or (phi=-log2(mm)). Interpolated grain sizes at D5, D10, D16, D25, D50, D75, D84, D90, and D95 are reported in phi and millimeter units. Person who carried out this activity:
    Angela Tan
    USGS
    Physical Scientist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7409 (voice)
    atan@usgs.gov
    Date: 15-May-2023 (process 5 of 6)
    Total carbon and total inorganic carbon of bulk sediment were determined coulometrically (UIC, Inc.) at the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory. Samples were run in duplicate. Coulometer performance was verified relative to a calcium carbonate reference material. Total organic carbon content (TOC) was calculated as the difference between total carbon and total inorganic carbon. Calcium carbonate was calculated as percent TIC * 8.333. Person who carried out this activity:
    Angela Tan
    USGS
    Physical Scientist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7409 (voice)
    atan@usgs.gov
    Date: 15-May-2023 (process 6 of 6)
    Results from all analyses and core location information (TN403_CoreLocations) were combined into a single comma-delimited text value document (TN403_GrainSize_TotalCarbon.csv). Person who carried out this activity:
    Katlin Adamczyk
    USGS
    Physical Scientist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7420 (voice)
    kadamczyk@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • TN403_CoreLocations
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Beckman-Coulter, 2011, Instructions for Use: LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Beckman-Coulter, 2011, Instructions for Use: LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer: Brea, Calif., Beckman-Coulter, 246 p.
    Carver, Robert E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Carver, R.E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology: Wiley Interscience, New York: 49-94.
    Collias, E. E., Rona, M. R., McManus, D. A., and Creager, J. S., 1963, Machine Processing of Geological Data.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Collias, E.E., Rona, M.R., McManus, D.A., and Creager, J.S., 1963, Machine processing of geological data: Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Technical Report No. 87, 119 p.
    Folk, Robert Louis, 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Folk, R.L., 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, TX, 182 p.
    Folk, Robert Louis, 1980, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Folk, R.L., 1980, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, TX, 184 p.
    Folk, Robert Louis, 1966, A review of grain-size parameters.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Folk, R.L.,1966, A review of grain-size parameters: Sedimentology, 6, 73-93.
    Folk, Robert Louis, and Ward, William C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Folk, R.L., and Ward, W.C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters: Journal of Sedimentary Research, 27, 3-26.
    Inman, Douglas Lamar, 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Inman, D.L., 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, 22, 125-145.
    Jaquet, J.M., and Vernet, J.P., 1976, Moment and graphic size parameters in sediments of Lake Geneva (Switzerland).

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Jaquet J.M., and Vernet J.P., 1976, Moment and graphic size parameters in sediments of Lake Geneva (Switzerland): Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 46, 305-312.
    Inc., Penscil, 2015, pcSDSZ: Sediment Size Analysis Software for Windows Operation Manual Version 2.00, prepared for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Penscil Inc., 2015, pcSDSZ: Sediment Size Analysis Software for Windows Operation Manual Version 2.00, prepared for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology. Unpublished document.
    Trask, Parker D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Trask, P.D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge: Economic Geology, 25, p. 581-599.
    Trask, Parker D., 1932, Origin and environment of source sediments of petroleum.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Trask, P. D., 1932, Origin and environment of source sediments of petroleum: Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. 323 p.
    Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5017 CO2 Coulometer.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5017 CO2 Coulometer, Joliet, IL, 2.0, 28-30.
    Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5200 Autosampler Furnace.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5200 Autosampler Furnace, Joliet, IL, 2.4, 13 p.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    For grain-size analyses, annual service tests and daily calibrations with reference standards ensured that the Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 operated within specifications (Beckman-Coulter, 2011). Each sample was analyzed three times by the instrument and the data were averaged. In addition, a lab procedural duplicate was run with each batch of samples to ensure consistency and values were within 15 percent. For total carbon and total inorganic carbon analyses, duplicates were run for each sample and the results were averaged. PCMSC ensured that the instrument was within specifications by running blanks and pure, reagent-grade calcium carbonate standard before and after every 10 samples. A lab procedural duplicate was run with each batch of samples to ensure consistency and values were within 15 percent. The value -9999 indicates that data are not available.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The locations of push core samples were determined using ROV Jason’s ultra-short baseline (USBL) navigation. Accuracy for this depth is approximately 6-26 m. The locations of gravity core samples were determined using the R/V Thomas G. Thompson’s GPS navigation, which is accurate to less than 5 m. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    For push core samples, the vertical accuracy was determined with ROV Jason’s altimeter, which is accurate to less than 1 m. For gravity core samples, the vertical accuracy was determined with the R/V Thomas G. Thompson’s multibeam bathymetry system. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data values are within the expected value range.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints No access constraints
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in .csv format contained in a single file.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reader.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 17-Mar-2025
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P13B46QX/TN403_GrainSize_Carbon_Metadata.faq.html>
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