Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C radiocarbon analysis of authigenic carbonates collected offshore the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C radiocarbon analysis of authigenic carbonates collected offshore the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic
Abstract:
Results are presented from Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) carbon-14 radiocarbon dating of carbonate rock samples collected from seep fields offshore the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic in 2018 and 2019. Samples were collected as a fingerprint to past hydrocarbon seep activity, fluid source, and depositional environment.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-620-FA http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-003-FA http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-042-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Chaytor, Jason D., and Prouty, Nancy G., 20220811, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C radiocarbon analysis of authigenic carbonates collected offshore the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic: data release DOI:10.5066/P9DRU8TP, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Prouty, Nancy G., and Chaytor, Jason D., 2022, Geochemistry, radiocarbon, and mineralogy data of authigenic carbonates collected offshore the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic in 2018 and 2019.: data release DOI:10.5066/P9DRU8TP, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.1907
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.7924
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.9274
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.4938
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 28-Aug-2018
    Ending_Date: 27-Apr-2019
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition at time data were collected.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (13)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is D_WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    A comma-delimited text file with the first line being a header line.
    Output of AMS carbon-14 radiocarbon dating of authigenic carbonate samples. (Source: Producer defined.)
    Cruise ID
    Identification number of DEEPSEARCH cruise on which samples were collected. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    AT41AT41=R/V Atlantis [AT] and sequential cruise number. The corresponding USGS Field Activity Number (FAN) for this sample collection is 2018-042-FA.
    RB1903NOAA Ship Ron Brown [RB] and [20XX year, month]. The corresponding USGS Field Activity Numbers (FANs) for this sample collection are 2019-003-FA and 2019-620-FA.
    Vessel
    Name of ship on which samples were collected (Source: Producer defined.)
    ValueDefinition
    R/V AtlantisThe R/V Atlantis is a research vessel owned and operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    NOAA Ship Ronald H. BrownThe NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown is a research vessel owned and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
    Site
    Site Name where samples were collected (Source: Producer defined.) List of Site names
    Date Collected
    Date [YYYY-MM-DD] (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2018-08-28
    Maximum:2019-04-27
    Sample ID
    Unique cruise sample ID based on cruise ID (e.g., RB1903, AT41), submersible (J2=JASON II, AL=Alvin), dive number (e.g., 1133; 4967), sample storage location (e.g., B5=biobox 5, RB=rear biobox), and sample number (e.g., R1 with R=rock, 1=first rock collected). (Source: Producer defined.) List of sample IDs
    Depth
    meters below sea level (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:235
    Maximum:2165
    Units:meters
    Resolution:1
    Latitude
    Latitude of sample location (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:32.4938
    Maximum:35.9274
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    Longitude
    Longitude of sample location (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-76.1907
    Maximum:-74.7924
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    Split ID
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC) unique subsample ID based on the field activity number (e.g., 18042), unique cruise sample ID (e.g. A4967-R2), analysis type (e.g., RC=radiocarbon) and sequential number of subsamples analyzed (Source: Producer defined.) Unique subsample ID
    Date Reported
    Date analysis results returned from the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:07/24/2020
    Maximum:09/13/2021
    Type
    Sample type submitted for dating (Source: Producer defined.)
    ValueDefinition
    authigenic carbonatematerial extracted from a sample of authigenic carbonate
    molluscMollusc shell extracted from authigenic carbonate sample
    Process
    Method used by NOSAMS to produce CO2 from samples (Source: Producer defined.)
    ValueDefinition
    hydrolysisacid hydrolysis process
    Accession #
    Unique analysis ID from NOSAMS (Source: Producer defined.) unique analysis ID number
    F Modern
    The measured deviation of the 14C/12C ratio from Modern. Modern is defined as 95 percent of the 14C concentration of the National Bureau of Standards Oxalic Acid I standard (SRM 4990B) normalized to d13C VPDB (-19ppm) in 1950 AD (VPDB = Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite geological standard. (Source: standard reporting values in carbon-14 radicarbon analysis, defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0658
    Maximum:0.6382
    Units:unitless
    Resolution:0.0001
    Fm Error
    Fraction modern (Fm) Error is a measurement of the deviation of the delta-Carbon-14/delta-Carbon-12 ratio of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). (Source: standard reporting values in carbon-14 radicarbon analysis, defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0008
    Maximum:0.0016
    Units:unitless
    Resolution:0.0001
    Age
    Conventional Radiocarbon Age calculated using the radiocarbon decay equation (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). >Modern indicates a fraction modern greater than 1 with Modern defined as 95% of the radiocarbon concentration in AD 1950 of National Bureau of Standards Oxalic Acid I (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3,610
    Maximum:21,900
    Units:years
    Resolution:10
    Age Err
    Standard error for Conventional Radiocarbon Age. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20
    Maximum:170
    Units:years
    Resolution:5
    d13C
    Delta-C-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Carbon-13:Carbon-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). (Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
    Range of values
    Minimum:-50.93
    Maximum:-8.13
    Units:parts per thousand (per mil)
    Resolution:0.01
    d13C Source
    Method by which d13C was obtained for the sample (measured=measured by NOSAMS during sample analysis) (Source: Producer Defined) measured by the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility during sample analysis
    D14C
    Report the D14C value as defined in Stuiver and Pollach (1977) as the relative difference between the absolute international standard (base year 1950) and sample activity corrected for age and d13C. The D14C is age corrected to account for decay that took place between collection (or death) and the time of measurement so that two measurements of the same sample made years apart will produce the same calculated D14C result. Collection year must be specified in order for D14C results to be calculated. (Source: Stuiver and Pollach (1977))
    Range of values
    Minimum:-367.05
    Maximum:-934.70
    Units:per mil
    Resolution:0.01
    Authigenic Carbonate Material
    Type of material sampled from within the subsample (groundmass, cement, or shell) (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    CementSecondary calcium carbonate binding groundmass components together
    BulkUndifferentiated subsample containing groundmass and cement or unprocessed mollusc shell material
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the tab-delimited text file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Jason D. Chaytor
    • Nancy G. Prouty
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Jason D Chaytor (USGS WHCMSC)
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These samples were collected as part of the Deep Sea Exploration to Advance Research on Coral/Canyon/Cold seep Habitats (DEEP SEARCH) study, a multiyear, multi-agency campaign to characterize the deep-sea ecosystems to better understand the distribution of sensitive seafloor communities to inform potential offshore energy development and other deep-sea management.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    AMS carbon-14 dating (source 1 of 1)
    National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility, 20210913, Accelerator Mass Spectrometery Carbon-14 Radiocarbon Dating.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy
    Source_Contribution:
    An accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) was used to measure inorganic radiocarbon
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2020 (process 1 of 2)
    Authigenic carbonate samples were collected during HOV and ROV dives. Samples were rinsed with freshwater, allowed to dry, photographed and stored at room temperature.
    Date: 2021 (process 2 of 2)
    Authigenic carbonate samples were cut using a diamond saw to expose fresh surfaces. Subsamples were isolated using trim saws, diamond drills and hand scribes. Person who carried out this activity:
    Jason Chaytor
    USGS
    Research Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 457-2351 (voice)
    jchaytor@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • AMS carbon-14 dating
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Stuiver, Minze, and Polach, Henry A., 1977, Discussion reporting of 14C data.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Stuiver, M., and Polach, H.A., 1977, Discussion reporting of 14C data: Radiocarbon, v. 19, pp. 355-363.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All samples submitted to NOSAMS are checked for accuracy via the primary standard for 14C measurements - NBS Oxalic Acid I (NIST-SRM-4990). Every group of samples processed includes an appropriate blank, analyzed concurrently. Process blank materials include but are not limited to Carrara marble (IAEA C-1) and Icelandic Doublespar (Third International Radiocarbon Intercomparison F) for inorganic carbon.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Positioning data for HOV Alvin (AT41) and ROV Jason II (RB1903) are derived from the fusion of several different sensors installed on the underwater vehicles (doppler velocity logs, gyrocompasses and inertial navigation systems) and the surface vessels (ultra-short baseline acoustic transponders and differential/augmented GPS receivers). Based on the stated accuracy of each of the sensors on the ships and vehicles, horizontal location accuracy is expected to be be better than 10 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Depth accuracy based on calibrated pressure sensors is 0.1 meters
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset represents analysis of a set of subsamples from larger primary samples recovered during the field activities. Primary samples were selected for collection at a limited number of sites during dives and represent only a small portion of the exposed authigenic carbonate material.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data have been check for omissions and duplicates.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: GS ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in a text file (DEEPSEARCH_AC_radiocarbon.csv) which contains radiocarbon results from selected samples.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with any text editor software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 11-Aug-2022
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P9DRU8TP/DeepSearch_AC_radiocarbon.faq.html>
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