Orthomosaic imagery for the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Joshua B. Logan
Originator: Eric E. Grossman
Originator: Nathan R. VanArendonk
Publication_Date: 20210915
Title:
Orthomosaic imagery for the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9TO24SR
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TO24SR
Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Joshua B. Logan
Originator: Eric E. Grossman
Originator: Nathan R. VanArendonk
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
Aerial imagery and structure-from-motion data products from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, June 2019
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9TO24SR
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TO24SR
Online_Linkage:
Description:
Abstract:
This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines spaced to provide approximately 70 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. The camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer. The UAS was flown at an approximate altitude of 70 meters above ground level (AGL), resulting in a nominal ground-sample-distance (GSD) of 1.8 centimeters per pixel. The raw imagery was geotagged using positions from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and "X" marks placed on the ground using temporary chalk. The GCP positions were measured using post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS, using corrections from a GPS base station located approximately 16 kilometers from the study area. The orthomosaic image is provided in a three-band RGB format, with 8-bit unsigned integer values compressed using high-quality JPEG compression. The image has been formatted as a cloud optimized GeoTIFF with internal overviews and masks to facilitate cloud-based queries and display.
Purpose:
These data were collected to characterize the morphology, substrate composition and roughness of intertidal areas to support modeling of coastal storm and wave impacts with sea-level rise as part of the USGS Puget Sound Coastal Storm Modeling System (PS-CoSMoS). The data are also intended to be used to model and evaluate sediment transport and its effects on coastal habitats, a focus of the USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Project (CHIPS) and its partners to inform resource management and adaptive planning for our Nation's coasts. The orthomosaic images can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software for research purposes.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-623-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20190605
Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.55652
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.55186
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.41205
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.40420
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: topography
Theme_Keyword: topographic maps
Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
Theme_Keyword: geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: aerial photography
Theme_Keyword: image mosaics
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme_Keyword: structure from motion
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: photography
Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
Theme_Keyword: aerial and satellite photography
Theme_Keyword: altimetry
Theme_Keyword: orthophotography
Theme_Keyword: coastal processes
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CHMRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Unmanned aerial system
Theme_Keyword: UAS
Theme_Keyword: Structure-from-motion
Theme_Keyword: SfM
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:5ef5226682ced62aaae6a011
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: State of Washington
Place_Keyword: Swinomish Reservation
Place_Keyword: Lone Tree Point
Place_Keyword: Skagit County
Place_Keyword: Salish Sea
Place_Keyword: Kiket Bay
Place_Keyword: Skagit Bay
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Orthomosaic image from UAS survey of Lone Tree Point Kiket Bay, WA.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows 10, Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.4.4 through Agisoft Metashape 1.5.3, ESRI ArcGIS 10.6 through 10.7, Exiftool, Geosetter 3.4.16, QGIS 3.04 through 3.12, and GDAL 3.1.0.
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
Completeness_Report:
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Horizontal accuracy was estimated by comparing SfM-derived ground control point (GCP) positions to PPK GPS measurements. Due to the time-intensive process of placing GCPs in the field, all available GCPs were used for registration and camera optimization in the SfM processing workflow during the creation of the final point clouds. To evaluate the horizontal positional accuracy of the point cloud after processing was completed, each GCPs was disabled one-at-a-time using a python script to create a 'temporary check point'. With a single GCP temporarily disabled, camera optimization was performed with all lens parameters fixed, and all other GCPs enabled. The residual errors of the check point relative to its GPS-measured position were recorded. After all temporary check point iterations were complete, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean-absolute error (MAE) were calculated. The resulting horizontal RMSE was 0.019 meters (MAE 0.016 meters). The addition of the estimated horizontal GPS uncertainty (0.020 meters) in quadrature results in a total horizontal accuracy estimate of 0.028 meters for the point cloud. It should be noted that this error estimate is for areas of bare ground or low vegetation where GCPs were placed. Additional sources of error such as poor image-to-image point matching due to vegetation or uniform substrate texture (such as sand) resulting in poor surface reconstruction may cause localized errors in some portions of the point clouds to exceed this estimate.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Vertical positional accuracy was not evaluated for this data product.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Aerial imagery was collected using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. For flights F01, F02, F03, and F04, the UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines at an approximate altitude of 70 meters above ground level (AGL), resulting in a nominal ground-sample-distance (GSD) of 1.8 centimeters per pixel. The flight lines were oriented roughly shore-parallel and were spaced to provide approximately 70 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. For flight F05, the UAS was flown manually to acquire imagery over areas not mapped in the previous flights. The camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer and was programmed to simultaneously acquire imagery in both JPG and camera raw (Adobe DNG) formats. Before each flight, the camera digital ISO, aperture and shutter speed were manually set to adjust for ambient light conditions. Although these settings were changed between flights, they were not permitted to change during a flight; thus, the images from each flight were acquired with consistent camera settings.
Process_Date: 20190605
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Joshua Logan
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7519
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlogan@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Ground control was established using ground control points (GCPs) consisting of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and temporary chalk 'X' marks placed on the ground surface throughout the survey area. The GCP positions were measured using survey-grade GPS receivers operating in post-processed-kinematic (PPK) mode. The GPS receivers were placed on short fixed-height tripods and set to occupy each GCP for a minimum occupation time of one minute. The PPK corrections were referenced to a Continuously Operating Reference (CORS) GPS base station ('SKGT') located approximately 16 kilometers from the study area operated by the Washington State Reference Network (WSRN).
Process_Date: 20190605
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Joshua Logan
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7519
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlogan@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The image files were renamed using a custom python script. The file names were formed using the following pattern Fx-YYYYMMDDThhmmssZ_Ryz.*, where: - Fx = Flight number - YYYYMMDDThhmmssZ = date and time in the ISO 8601 standard, where 'T' separates the date from the time, and 'Z' denotes UTC ('Zulu') time. - Ry = RA or RB to distinguish camera 'RicohA' from 'RicohB' - z = original image name assigned by camera during acquisition - * = file extension (JPG or DNG)
The approximate image acquisition coordinates were added to the image metadata (EXIF) ('geotagged') using the image timestamp and the telemetry logs from the UAS onboard single-frequency 1-Hz autonomous GPS. The geotagging process was done using a custom Python script which processes the GPS data from the UAS telemetry log and calls the command-line 'exiftool' software. To improve timestamp accuracy, the image acquisition times were adjusted to true ('corrected') UTC time by comparing the image timestamps with several images taken of a smartphone app ('Emerald Time') showing accurate time from Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. For this survey, + 00:00:01 (1 second) was added to the image timestamp to synchronize with corrected UTC time. The positions stored in the EXIF are in geographic coordinates referenced to the WGS84(G1150) coordinate reference system (EPSG:7660), with elevation in meters relative to the WGS84 ellipsoid.
Additional information was added to the EXIF using the command-line 'exiftool' software with the following command: exiftool ^ -P ^ -Copyright="Public Domain. Please credit U.S. Geological Survey." ^ -CopyrightNotice="Public Domain. Please credit U.S. Geological Survey." ^ -ImageDescription="Low-altitude aerial image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, Washington, USA, from USGS survey 2019-623-FA." ^ -Caption-Abstract="Intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, Washington, USA, from USGS survey 2019-623-FA." ^ -Caption="Aerial image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, Washington, USA, from USGS survey 2019-623-FA." ^ -sep ", " ^ -keywords="Marine Nearshore Intertidal, Lone Tree Point, Swinomish Reservation, Kiket Bay, Washington, 2019-623-FA, Unmanned Aircraft System, UAS, drone, aerial imagery, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center" ^ -comment="Low-altitude aerial image from USGS Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2019-623-FA." ^ -Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" ^ -Contact="pcmsc_data@usgs.gov" ^ -Artist="U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center"
Process_Date: 2019
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Joshua Logan
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7519
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlogan@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Structure-from-motion (SfM) processing techniques were used to create the point clouds in the Agisoft Photoscan/Metashape software package using the following workflow: 1. Initial image alignment was performed with the following parameters - Accuracy: 'high'; Pair selection: 'reference', 'generic'; Key point limit: 0 (unlimited); Tie point limit: 0 (unlimited). 2. Sparse point cloud error reduction was performed using an iterative gradual selection and camera optimization process with the following parameters: Reconstruction Uncertainty: 10; Projection Accuracy: 3. Lens calibration parameters f, cx, cy, k1, k2, k3, p1, and p2 were included in the optimization. Additional sparse points obviously above or below the true surface were manually deleted after the last error reduction iteration. 3. Ground control points (GCPs) were automatically detected using the 'Cross (non-coded)' option. False matches were manually removed, and all markers were visually checked and manually placed or adjusted if needed. Markers were manually placed for GCPs that consisted of chalk 'X' marks. 4. Additional sparse point cloud error reduction was performed using an iterative gradual selection and camera optimization process with the following parameters: Reconstruction Error: 0.3. Lens calibration parameters f, cx, cy, k1, k2, k3, p1, and p2 were initially included in the optimization, but additional parameters k4, b1, b2, p3, and p4 were included once Reconstruction Error was reduced below 1 pixel. Additional sparse points obviously above or below the true surface were manually deleted after the last error reduction iteration, and a final optimization was performed. 5. A dense point cloud was created using the 'high' accuracy setting, with 'aggressive' depth filtering. 6. A Digital Surface Model (DSM) with a native resolution of 3.7 centimeters per pixel was created using all points in the dense point cloud, and was exported to a GeoTIFF format with a 4-centimeter pixel resolution. 7. An RGB orthomosaic with a native resolution of 1.84 centimeters per pixel was created using the DSM as the orthorectification surface, and was exported to a GeoTIFF format with a 2-centimeter pixel resolution. 8. The RGB orthomosaic was converted to a cloud optimized GeoTIFF formats (using internal JPEG compression with a quality of 90) for compatibility with cloud storage services using the GDAL software package.
Process_Date: 2019
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Joshua Logan
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7519
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlogan@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.020
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.020
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) (EPSG:1116)
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 (EPSG:7019)
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: GeoTIFF
Entity_Type_Definition: GeoTIFF containing RGB color bands.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Band_1
Attribute_Definition: Red band
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 255
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Band_2
Attribute_Definition: Green band
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 255
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Band_3
Attribute_Definition: Blue band
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 255
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: United States
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
The orthomosaic image is available as a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF file.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: GDAL 3.1.0dev
Format_Information_Content:
Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF contains a three-band RGB orthomosaic with 8-bit unsigned integer values stored with high quality JPEG compression
File_Decompression_Technique: none
Transfer_Size: 157.66
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information: Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the 2-centimeter resolution orthomosaic image. The second link is for accessing the orthomosaic image on cloud-based storage and can be used for cloud-based queries or viewing. The third link points to a landing page with the orthomosaic image, metadata, and a browse image. The fourth link points to the landing page for the entire data release, including links to pages of the various data files.
Fees: None.
Technical_Prerequisites:
These data can be viewed with GIS software or other software capable of displaying geospatial raster data.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20231114
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

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