Pressure Time Series Measurements Collected at Dorado, Puerto Rico

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Vargas-Babilonia, Priscila, Torres-Garcia, Legna M., Thompson, David M., Buckley, Mark L., and Palmsten, Margaret L., 20250322, Pressure Time Series Measurements Collected at Dorado, Puerto Rico:.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Vargas-Babilonia, Priscila, Torres-Garcia, Legna M., Thompson, David M., Buckley, Mark L., and Palmsten, Margaret L., 20250322, Oceanographic Time Series Measurements Collected at Dorado, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P1R9EXPE, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P1R9EXPE

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.29021
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.27875
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.48804
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.47224
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 10-Aug-2022

   Ending_Date: 02-Dec-2023

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set.
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

      Altitude_System_Definition:

      Altitude_Datum_Name: Puerto Rico Vertical Datum 2002
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.1
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:

      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

      Depth_System_Definition:

      Depth_Datum_Name: Mean sea level
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
      

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant metadata (version CF-1.8) in the header of the netCDF files provide information about the conventions used for attributes in the dataset. Times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). NetCDF filenames include site ID, deployment date (YYYYMMDD), an abbreviation of the instrument type ("P" for pressure logger), "b" or "cont" for burst or continuous pressure sampling mode, and "cal" for calibrated pressure data. Files are available for download individually on the data release webpage, or all files compressed into a single zip file, 1_Dorado_Pressure.zip.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Priscila Vargas-Babilonia
   • Legna M. Torres-Garcia
   • David M. Thompson
   • Mark L. Buckley
   • Margaret L. Palmsten
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

   600 4th St S

   St Petersburg, FL
   

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 02-Dec-2023 (process 1 of 2)

   Pressure loggers were deployed in thirteen locations at Dorado, Puerto Rico. USGS divers attached the instrument to a frame and traveled via boat to each site. At site TS, which also had a wave buoy installed, three separate pressure logger deployments occurred: August 10, 2022 to October 22, 2022, October 22, 2022 to March 24, 2023, and March 24, 2023 to December 2, 2023. During the first two deployments, the base consisted of four stacked 45-pound (lb) weights. However, after the base was found tilted, a fiberglass frame with six distributed 45-lb weights were used for the third pressure logger deployment. For the remaining sites, the pressure loggers were deployed between October 20-24, 2022, and recovered during March 21-24, 2023; with the exception of the logger at site T9, which was deployed from December 8, 2022, to March 21, 2023. At sites T1, T2, T5, W1, E1, and C1 the pressure loggers were attached to a fiberglass frame with distributed weights, along with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). At sites T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9, the loggers were attached to a single 45 lb weight. The site coordinates were measured by a handheld Garmin® GPSmap 62s. The divers also measured the height from the seabed to the pressure sensor with a ruler during each deployment and recovery. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Legna Torres-Garcia

   U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Research Physical Scientist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8105 (voice)

   ltorresgarcia@usgs.gov

   Date: 23-Jan-2025 (process 2 of 2)

   The instrument data were exported into text files with the software Ruskin v2.20.10. The text files were processed and converted into network common data form (netCDF, .nc) files with the scripts runrskcsv2cdf.py and runrskcdf2nc.py from stglib python libraries, a package of code to process data consistent with procedures of the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program. For more information about stglib and the attributes used in the netCDFs to process the data, refer to Nowacki and others (2024). The netCDFs contain the data trimmed for the period in which the instrument was in the water. Details of which portions of data were flagged and replaced with the fill value are available in the netCDF global attributes. Attributes conforming to CF (Climate and Forecast) Convention 1.8 were added to each file by stglib. Times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Priscila Vargas-Babilonia

   U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Physical Scientist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8104 (voice)

   pvargas-babilonia@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • *.nc

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Nowacki, D.J., Suttles, S.E., Bales, R.D., and De Meo, O.A., 20241202, Oceanographic Time Series Data Processing Library: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P13IQYFW, U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P13IQYFW

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   The RBRvirtuoso3 and RBRsolo3 pressure sensors have an initial pressure accuracy of 0.05% full scale and a pressure resolution of <0.001% full scale.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Site location was obtained from a handheld global positioning system (GPS) Garmin® GPSmap 62s with a nominal accuracy of 3-5 meters (m) 95% of the time (Wide Area Augmentation System [WAAS] accuracy in North America). Locations were collected in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) coordinate system. A significant swell event in December 2022 may have induced slight shifts in the pressure sensor's position.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Orthometric elevations were projected to the Puerto Rico Vertical Datum 2002 (PRVD02) and were estimated using NOAA's VDatum tool with estimates of local mean sea level from the corrected pressure data from the deployment. For these data, the uncertainties for vertical position are considered ~ 0.10 m. A significant swell event in December 2022 may have induced slight shifts in the pressure sensor's position.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Gaps between deployments were caused by factors such as instrument failure, premature battery depletion, or delays in the scheduled deployment. Data quality assurance and control involved inspecting the raw data and removing instances where the sensor incorrectly recorded a pressure of zero (Nowacki and others, 2024).
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Pressure sensor data were compared to local atmospheric pressure before deployment and an offset was determined. This offset along with the time series of local atmospheric data were used to find corrected pressure data (variable name "P_1ac" and standard_name "sea_water_pressure_due_to_sea_water" in the data files).

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

   600 4th St S

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? DOC120221022Pcont-cal.nc, DOE120221024Pcont-cal.nc, DOT120221022Pcont-cal.nc, DOT220221021Pcont-cal.nc, DOT320221020Pcont-cal.nc, DOT420221020Pcont-cal.nc, DOT520221021Pcont-cal.nc, DOT620221023Pcont-cal.nc, DOT720221023Pcont-cal.nc, DOT820221023Pcont-cal.nc, DOT920221208Pcont-cal.nc, DOTS20220810Pcont-cal.nc, DOTS20220920Pcont-cal.nc, DOTS20221022Pcont-cal.nc, DOTS20230324Pcont-cal.nc, DOW120221023Pcont-cal.nc
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	Time series data in netCDF format following Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions version 1.8. in format NetCDF (version netCDF-4, CF-1.8) Size: 8937
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P1R9EXPE

   • Cost to order the data: None

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
   These data can be viewed with any software capable of reading netCDF files.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 22-Mar-2025

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

600 4th St S

St. Petersburg, FL

727-502-8000 (voice)

gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)