Georeferenced National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets for Grand Bay, Mississippi, and Surrounding Areas

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Georeferenced National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets for Grand Bay, Mississippi, and Surrounding Areas
Abstract:
Hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) and nautical charts produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide historic sounding (water depth) measurements of coastal areas. The data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS), adjusted to a modern vertical datum, and converted into a digital elevation model to provide an interpretation of the historic seafloor elevation. These data were produced to provide an estimate of historical bathymetry for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal region to aid geologic and coastal hazards studies. This data release includes georeferenced H-sheets, depth soundings, and a bathymetric grid derived from the 1847 and 1895 soundings. The original NOS H-sheets and nautical charts were scanned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available through the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) website (NOAA, 2021) as non-georeferenced digital raster files. U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC) staff performed the following procedures: H-sheets were georeferenced, georeferenced raster images were projected to a modern datum, and historical bathymetric sounding measurements were digitized to create a vector point shapefile. Sounding data were converted from feet (ft) and fathoms (fm) to meters (m), projected to modern mean low water (MLW), and converted to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID12A using NOAA's datum transformation software, VDatum. Please read the full metadata for details on data collection, digitized data, dataset variables, and data quality.
Supplemental_Information:
The H-sheets included in this data release are: H-00191 (1847); H-00192 (1847-48); H-00193A (1848); H-00215 (1849); H-00227 (1850); H-00261 (1851); H-00262 (1851); H-00328 and H-00328A (1853); H-00329 (1852); H-00365 (1853); H-00430A (1854); H-01310 (1875-76). The nautical charts included in this data release are: LC-00018 (1895); LC-00188 (1856,1877); LC-00189 (1856,1894); LC-00034 (1856).
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Terrano, Joseph F., Smith, Kathryn E.L., Muni-Morgan, Amanda L., Buster, Noreen A., and Foxen, Forrest, 20220315, Georeferenced National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets for Grand Bay, Mississippi, and Surrounding Areas:.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Terrano, Joseph F., Smith, Kathryn E.L., Muni-Morgan, Amanda L., Buster, Noreen A., and Foxen, Forrest, 20210122, Historical Bathymetry in the Mississippi-Alabama Coastal Region: Bathymetric Soundings, Gridded Digital Elevation Model, and Hydrographic Sheets: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P9GRUK4B, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.7360260202
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.0222189497
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.9938673333
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.7244510531
  3. What does it look like?
    H00191.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00191, created in 1847.
    H00192.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00192, created in 1847-48.
    H00193A.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00193A, created in 1848.
    H00215.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00215, created in 1849.
    H00227.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00227, created in 1850.
    H00261.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00261, created in 1851.
    H00262.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00262, created in 1853.
    H00328.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00328, created in 1851.
    H00328A.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00328A, created in 1853.
    H00329.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00329, created in 1852.
    H00365.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00365, created in 1853.
    H00430A.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H00430A, created in 1854.
    H01310.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet number H01310, created in 1875-76.
    LC00018.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet (nautical chart) number LC00018, created in 1895.
    LC00188.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet (nautical chart) number LC00188, created in 1856 and republished in 1877.
    LC00189.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet (nautical chart) number LC00189, created in 1856 and republished in 1894.
    LC00034.tif (TIFF)
    Georeferenced raster image of hydrographic sheet (nautical chart) number LC00034, created in 1856.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date:
    Ending_Date:
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 10749 x 19558, type Grid cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 16N
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1.471328000000001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1.471328000000007
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meter
      The horizontal datum used is D_North_American_1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS_1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    H-sheets are provided in the TIFF format, with an 8-bit pixel depth, and a pixel type of unsigned integer. H-00191 contains 13052 rows and 16098 columns; H-00192 contains 15030 rows and 20207 columns; H-00193A contains 12498 rows and 21589 columns; H-00215 contains 14485 rows and 20220 columns; H-00227 contains 12021 rows and 21759 columns; H-00261 contains 17163 rows and 19172 columns; H-00262 contains 17013 rows and 17236 columns; H-00328 contains 10749 rows and 19558 columns, H-00328A contains 10219 rows and 19386 columns, H-00329 contains 14475 rows and 13344 columns.; H-00365 contains 11952 rows and 11448 columns; H-00430A contains 11956 rows and 17093 columns; H-01310 contains 9519 rows and 15725 columns; LC-00018 contains 10413 rows and 13043 columns; LC-00188 contains 11876 rows and 10381 columns; LC-00189 contains 11059 rows and 13326 columns; and LC-00034 contains 6259 rows and 9065 columns.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Joseph F. Terrano
    • Kathryn E.L. Smith
    • Amanda L. Muni-Morgan
    • Noreen A. Buster
    • Forrest Foxen
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Joseph F. Terrano
    Researcher III
    600 4Th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8047 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The purpose of this dataset is to document the historic bathymetry for a region of the Mississippi-Alabama coastal zone and intercoastal waterway. Data can be used to examine bathymetric change, calculate sediment budgets, and hindcast hydrodynamic modeling studies.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Zimmerman and Benson, 2013 (source 1 of 1)
    Zimmermann, M. and Benson, J.L., 2013, Smooth sheets: How to work with them in a GIS to derive bathymetry, features and substrates: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Springfield, Virginia.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution: Descriptive procedure for georeferencing T-sheets
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2021 (process 1 of 1)
    Methods used in this data release are based on those presented in Buster and Morton (2011) and Zimmerman and Benson (2013). Hydrographic sheets were created for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal region from 1847 to 1895 and were downloaded from NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) website (NOAA, 2021) as non-georeferenced raster files. Hydrographic sheets downloaded include: H-00191 (1847); H-00192 (1847-48); H-00193A (1848); H-00215 (1849); H-00227 (1850); H-00261 (1851); H-00262 (1851); H-00328 and H-00328A (1853); H-00329 (1852); H-00365 (1853); H-00430A (1854); H-01310 (1875-76). The nautical charts downloaded include: LC-00018 (1895); LC-00188 (1856,1877); LC-00189 (1856,1894); LC-00034 (1856). Within ArcGIS 10.6.1, the H-sheets were projected into the North American Datum of 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 16N (NAD83 UTM Zone 16N) using the "project raster" tool to match the projection of the topographic sheets. Using the ArcGIS "Georeferencing" toolbar, H-sheets were georeferenced to spatially referenced topographic sheets (T-sheets) or previously referenced H-sheets using at least four graticules, prominent shoreline features, and benchmarks. The rectified H-sheets and nautical charts were saved in the tagged image file format (.tif). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Joseph F. Terrano
    Researcher III
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    U.S.

    727-502-8047 (voice)
    jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Noreen A. Buster and Robert A. Morton, 20110404, Historical Bathymetry and Bathymetric Change in the Mississippi-Alabama Coastal Region: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Methods in this paper were used to determine how to derive the gridded bathymetry within this data release.
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2021, Scanned non-georeferenced digital raster hydrographic sheets and nautical charts: U.S. Department of Commerce, Silver Springs, MD.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Historical scanned non-georeferenced digital raster hydrographic sheets and nautical charts avaliable for download.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has either not been conducted or is not applicable.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Georeferenced H-sheets and nautical charts, henceforth collectively referred to as "H-sheets", were checked to ensure they were in the correct location, using published NOAA topographic sheets (T-sheets) and modern imagery. The H-sheets were also checked to ensure features matched up from one H-sheet to the next. As a final quality control, reference points were checked to ensure they overlapped from one sheet to the next. "No data" values are defined as 256.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Joseph F. Terrano
    Researcher III
    600 4Th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8047 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 15-Mar-2022
Metadata author:
Joseph F. Terrano
U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
Researcher III
600 4Th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8047 (voice)
727-502-8182 (FAX)
jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Hydrographic_Sheet_Metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Mar 16 11:33:27 2022