Sr/Ca, oxygen isotope, and linear extension data for five Holocene Orbicella faveolata corals from Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys, Florida, USA

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Jessica A. Jacobs
Originator: Julie N. Richey
Originator: Jennifer A. Flannery
Originator: Lauren T. Toth
Publication_Date: 20250131
Title:

Sr/Ca, oxygen isotope, and linear extension data for five Holocene Orbicella faveolata corals from Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys, Florida, USA

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Jessica A. Jacobs
Originator: Julie N. Richey
Originator: Jennifer A. Flannery
Originator: Lauren T. Toth
Publication_Date: 20250131
Title:

Sr/Ca, Oxygen Isotope, and Linear Extension Data for Five Holocene Orbicella faveolata Corals From Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys, Florida, USA

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P1TCYNHY

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida
Publisher:

U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TCYNHY

Description:

Abstract:

This data release contains new, 40–70-year long subannual strontium-to-calcium ratio (Sr/Ca) records and linear extension measurements from five mid-to-late Holocene, Orbicella faveolata corals from the Dry Tortugas National Park (DT) and Marquesas Keys (MK), Florida (FL). U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers used these Sr/Ca data to calculate sea-surface temperature (SST) using the Sr/Ca-SST equation from Flannery and others (2018). The data release also provides and stable oxygen isotope snapshots from two of the mid-Holocene corals. These data provide a proof-of-concept for the value coral-based paleoclimate records in the subtropical western Atlantic during the Holocene. Detailed information regarding data collection and processing methods can be found in Jacobs and others (2025).

Purpose:

In this study, five new coral Sr/Ca-SST records are presented with an approximately monthly sampling resolution from DT and MK and ages from ~2-7 thousand years ago (ka). These records fill a critical spatial and temporal data gap and provide insight into changes in mean climate and variability during the Holocene in the subtropical western Atlantic.

Supplemental_Information:

Following USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) data management protocols, the cores were assigned the following USGS field activity numbers (FANs): 1976-300-FA (PL1), 2004-304-FA (FJ), 2017-331-FA (PL2), 1983-300-FA (NG), 08CGS02 (PN). Please visit the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) field activity webpage for more information about each FAN related to this dataset: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1976-300-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2004-304-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-331-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1983-300-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=08CGS02 Cores were collected with permission from the National Park Service and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, as applicable. For more information on core collection, refer to Hickey and others (2013) and Toth and others (2018).

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Multiple_Dates/Times:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2013

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20180821

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20250131

Currentness_Reference: publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Dry Tortugas National Park and Marquesas Keys
Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.9700
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.4166
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.7200
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.5400

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:2a7b62ec-14b9-4182-933f-938a77689ce1

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: biota

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: coelenterates
Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: geochemistry
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: sea-surface temperature

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: sclerochronology
Theme_Keyword: paleoclimate
Theme_Keyword: Sr/Ca
Theme_Keyword: Strontium/Calcium
Theme_Keyword: Holocene
Theme_Keyword: Stable oxygen isotopes

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Dry Tortugas
Place_Keyword: Florida Keys
Place_Keyword: State of Florida

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Temporal_Keyword: Holocene

Access_Constraints: None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.
Use_Constraints:

None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Jessica A. Jacobs
Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8041
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jajacobs@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

USGS coral core collection efforts were made possible with permission from the National Park Service and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Environment as of metadata creation: MacOS Ventura 13.6.7; Microsoft Excel for Mac Version 16.85

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Jessica A. Jacobs
Originator: Julie N. Richey
Originator: Jennifer A. Flannery
Originator: Kaustubh Thirumalai
Originator: Lauren T. Toth
Publication_Date: 20250128
Title:

Snapshots of Holocene sea-surface temperature variability from a subtropical western Atlantic coral reef

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Issue_Identification: 112777

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Elsevier

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112777

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Jennifer A. Flannery
Originator: Julie N. Richey
Originator: Lauren T. Toth
Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner
Originator: Richard Z. Poore
Publication_Date: 20180706
Title:

Quantifying uncertainty in Sr/Ca‐based estimates of SST from the coral Orbicella faveolata

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Issue_Identification: Volume 33, Issue 9

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: American Geophysical Union

Other_Citation_Details: Pages 958-973
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003389

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Todd D. Hickey
Originator: Christopher D. Reich
Originator: Kristine L. DeLong
Originator: Richard Z. Poore
Originator: John C. Brock
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:

Holocene core logs and site methods for modern reef and head-coral cores: Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012–1095

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details: 27 pages
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121095

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Lauren T. Toth
Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner
Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos
Originator: Eugene A. Shinn
Publication_Date: 20180821
Title:

A 3,000-year lag between the geological and ecological shutdown of Florida’s coral reefs

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Global Change Biology
Issue_Identification: Volume 24, Issue 11

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Hoboken, New Jersey
Publisher: Wiley Online Library

Other_Citation_Details: Pages 5471-5483
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14389

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Daniel P. Schrag
Publication_Date: 199904
Title:

Rapid analysis of high-precision Sr/Ca ratios in corals and other marine carbonates

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Issue_Identification: Volume 14, Issue 2

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: American Geophysical Union

Other_Citation_Details: Pages 97-102
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/1998PA900025

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ed C. Hathorne
Originator: Alex Gagnon
Originator: Thomas Felis
Originator: Jess Adkins
Originator: Ryuji Asami
Originator: and others
Publication_Date: 20130725
Title:

Interlaboratory study for coral Sr/Ca and other element/Ca ratio measurements

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Issue_Identification: Volume 14, Issue 9

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: American Geophysical Union

Other_Citation_Details: Pages 3730-3750
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20230

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Sr/Ca data were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emissions Spectrometer (ICP-OES) that had been calibrated using trace metal grade single-element standards and nitric acid (Jacobs and others, 2025). Analyses were completed once initial sample run calibrations of low, intermediate, and high concentration solutions passed with a calibration coefficient of >0.999 (out of 1.0) between analyte concentration and instrument intensity. Coral sample Sr/Ca data were corrected for drift using an internal gravimetric standard (IGS) method from Schrag (1999). Average IGS precision for all sample runs is 0.011 millimole per mole. Additionally, ICP-OES performances were compared with other laboratories by analyzing the JCp-1 standard after Hathorne and others (2013) and were determined to be within error of the mean values established in the publication. For oxygen isotope samples, the external standard IAEA-603 was analyzed (n=160) and the precision was 0.05‰ for delta-Oxygen-18 (δ¹⁸O), which is consistent with the long-term precision of this setup (0.06‰). Replicate sample results for δ¹⁸O were averaged prior to publishing.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Coral Sr/Ca samples were created with a target calcium concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm). Data were considered valid if calcium concentrations were between 10-30 ppm and values were within 2 standard deviations of the sample run mean. Additionally, multiple corallite paths were sampled to overlap at least five years of data from each coral. Data from overlapping paths were averaged to ensure reproducibility.

Completeness_Report:

Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected the coral cores used in this study in Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys between 1976 and 2017 using a rotary corer. Additional information on coral core collection can be found in Hickey and others (2013) and Toth and others (2018). Subsampling of the coral colonies was completed using a tri-axial micromill with a 0.5 millimeter (mm) forward increment, 2.25 mm cut depth, and a 0.5 mm drill bit along a continuous thecal wall. Between 88 and 237 micrograms (μg) of subsampled skeletal powder was weighed out for each sample from each of the coral colonies and acidified using ultrapure 2% nitric acid to obtain sample solutions with a target calcium concentration of 20 parts per million. A PerkinElmer (PE) 7300 dual view inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES; for samples analyzed before March 2022) and a PE Avio 550 ICP-OES (for samples analyzed after March 2022) were used to make the Sr/Ca determinations (Jacobs and others, 2025). The resulting Sr/Ca data were converted into SST using the calibration equation from Flannery and others (2018). Data from this analysis were compiled into a comma-separated values file (.csv) and Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) and are published with this release.

Process_Date: 20210730
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa.csv
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa.xlsx
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Jessica A. Jacobs
Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8041
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jajacobs@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Sr/Ca annual cycles were used to compute annual linear extension rates by measuring the distance between each summer peak. Data from this computation were compiled into a comma-separated values file (.csv) and Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) and are published with this release.

Process_Date: 20231116
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mid-to-late_Holocene_LinExt.csv
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mid-to-late_Holocene_LinExt.xlsx
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Jessica A. Jacobs
Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8041
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jajacobs@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Select Sr/Ca sample splits (FJ and PL2 corals only) were sent for oxygen isotope analysis at the Paleo² Laboratory at the University of Arizona using a MAT 253+ Mass Spectrometer coupled to a Kiel IV Carbonate Device (Jacobs and others, 2025). Data from this analysis were compiled into a comma-separated values file (.csv) and Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx) and are published with this release.

Process_Date: 20220802
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mid-to-late_Holocene_paired_18O_SrCa.csv
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mid-to-late_Holocene_paired_18O_SrCa.xlsx
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kaustubh Thirumalai
Contact_Organization: University of Arizona – Department of Geosciences

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 1040 E. 4th Street, #521
City: Tucson
State_or_Province: AZ
Postal_Code: 85721
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 520-626-2236
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kaustubh@arizona.edu

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa.csv, Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa.xlsx
Entity_Type_Definition:

Data files (.csv and .xlsx) of the Sr/Ca subannual values for five mid-to-late Holocene Orbicella faveolata corals.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Time (years)
Attribute_Definition:

Year in the format of YY.XXX for the subannual Sr/Ca data for the coral core.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.042
Range_Domain_Maximum: 56.958
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Year

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 6.7 ka (PL1) Subannual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
Attribute_Definition:

Subannual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core PL1 (6.7 ka)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 9.028
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.579
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmol/mol

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 6.6 ka (FJ) Subannual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
Attribute_Definition:

Subannual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core FJ (6.6 ka)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.92
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.571
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmol/mol

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 5.8 ka (PL2) Subannual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
Attribute_Definition:

Subannual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core PL2 (5.8 ka)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.8
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.577
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmol/mol

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 3.6 ka (NG) Subannual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
Attribute_Definition:

Subannual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core NG (3.6 ka)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 9.071
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.829
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmol/mol

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2.6 ka (PN) Subannual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
Attribute_Definition:

Subannual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core PN (2.6 ka)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.939
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.789
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mmol/mol

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Mid-to-late_Holocene_LinExt.csv, Mid-to-late_Holocene_LinExt.xlsx

Entity_Type_Definition:

Data files (.csv and .xlsx) of the linear extension rates for five mid-to-late Holocene Orbicella faveolata corals.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year
Attribute_Definition:

Year in the format of YY for annual linear extension data for the coral core.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 57
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 6.7 ka (PL1) Linear Extension (cm/yr)
Attribute_Definition:

Annual linear extension rates for coral core PL1 (6.7 ka) in centimeters per year (cm/yr).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.25
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.8
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/yr

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 6.6 ka (FJ) Linear Extension (cm/yr)
Attribute_Definition:

Annual linear extension rates for coral core FJ (6.6 ka) in centimeters per year (cm/yr).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.45
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/yr

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 5.8 ka (PL2) Linear Extension (cm/yr)
Attribute_Definition:

Annual linear extension rates for coral core PL2 (5.8 ka) in centimeters per year (cm/yr).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.4
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.15
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/yr

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 3.6 ka (NG) Linear Extension (cm/yr)
Attribute_Definition:

Annual linear extension rates for coral core NG (3.6 ka) in centimeters per year (cm/yr).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.25
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/yr

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 2.6 ka (PN) Linear Extension (cm/yr)
Attribute_Definition:

Annual linear extension rates for coral core PN (2.6 ka) in centimeters per year (cm/yr).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.25
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.05
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/yr

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Mid-to-late_Holocene_paired_18O_SrCa.csv, Mid-to-late_Holocene_paired_18O_SrCa.xlsx

Entity_Type_Definition:

Data files (.csv and .xlsx) of the paired raw Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O data for five mid-to-late Holocene Orbicella faveolata corals.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Core
Attribute_Definition: Coral age and identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6.6 ka (FJ)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The coral FJ (6.6 ka age).
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5.8 ka (PL2)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The coral PL2 (5.8 ka age).
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sample ID
Attribute_Definition: Unique sample ID for paired Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O data.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Full sample identifier for coral FJ (FJS-R-2) and PL2 (C-2017-DT-PL-2-18-1). Each sample identifier is followed by a three-digit number (i.e., #280). An asterisk following this number denotes averaged value of replicate samples.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
Attribute_Definition: Raw Sr/Ca value in millimole per mole (mmol/mol).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.898
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.506

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: δ¹⁸O (‰, VPDB)
Attribute_Definition:

Raw δ¹⁸O value in per mil notation relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite scale (‰, VPDB).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: nd
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No Data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -4.810
Range_Domain_Maximum: -2.451
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: per mil

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa.csv. Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa.xlsx, Mid-to-late_Holocene_LinExt.csv, Mid-to-late_Holocene_LinExt.xlsx, Mid-to-late_Holocene_paired_18O_SrCa.csv, Mid-to-late_Holocene_paired_18O_SrCa.xlsx

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1TCYNHY/data/Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa_LinExt_18O.zip

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20250131
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name:

FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Mid-to-late_Holocene_SrCa_LinExt_18O_metadata.html>