Testing Treatments Against Parasitic Scuticociliate (Philaster apodigitiformis) that Causes Mass Mortality Among Sea Urchins (Diadema antillarum) - Results

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Testing Treatments Against Parasitic Scuticociliate (Philaster apodigitiformis) that Causes Mass Mortality Among Sea Urchins (Diadema antillarum) - Results
Abstract:
The information contained in this data release are the results observed and collected during an experiment that tested the efficacy of nine compounds (2’4’ dihydroxychalcone, bithionol sulfoxide, carnidazole, furaltadone, plumbagin, oxyclozanide, quinacrine, tomatine, and toltrazuril), previously found to be effective against the parasitic ciliate family Philasteridae (Iglesias and others, 2002; Sueiro and others, 2022). One commercially available product (Kordon Ich Attack) was also tested, however was omitted from these data as it was not effective at the highest dosage trialed (100 microliters [µL] of the product in 900 µL ciliate culture). The efficacy of the compounds was tested by applying each to subcultures of Philaster apodigitiformis (strain FWC2) originally isolated from coelomic fluid of Diadema antillarum specimen collected from a reef in Key Largo, Florida (FL) on June 15th, 2022 (Hewson, and others, 2023). The compounds were tested at the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC), Coral Microbial Ecology Laboratory in St. Petersburg, FL, USA between November 2022 and August 2023. Prior to treatment, the compounds were dissolved in either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or sterile deionized water (DI) to create 20 millimolar (mM) stocks, and further diluted in sterile artificial seawater (ASW) to generate 1 mM working stocks. These working stocks were then used to create final testing concentrations of 100 micromolar (µM), 50 µM, 25 µM, 12.5 µM, 6.25 µM, and 3.13 µM for each run of the experiment. Controls included 1000 µL of unamended culture and 900 µL culture plus either: 100 µL ASW, 100 µL DMSO diluted in ASW to the highest concentration used in the drug trials (i.e., 10 µL DMSO in 190 µL ASW), or 100 µL DI water diluted in ASW to the highest concentration used in the drug trials (i.e., 10 µL DI in 190 µL ASW). Compounds identified to be effective within 24 hours were then trialed for 15-minute exposure periods. Each potentially effective compound was tested at its highest dosage (100 µM) by mixing 90 µL of scuticociliate culture and 10 µL of 1 mM stock solution on a Sedgwick Rafter chamber and observing the mixture continuously for 15 minutes using a Meiji Techno EMZ-13 microscope. Each successful treatment was then trialed again for 15 minutes at 50% the previous concentration. During this experiment, only quinacrine and tomatine showed potential for further testing.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about this experiment, please refer to the associated journal article by Evans and others (2024).
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Evans, James S., Kellogg, Christina A., and Voelschow, Julie J., 20240327, Testing Treatments Against Parasitic Scuticociliate (Philaster apodigitiformis) that Causes Mass Mortality Among Sea Urchins (Diadema antillarum) - Results:.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Evans, James S., Kellogg, Christina A., and Voelschow, Julie J., 20240327, Testing Treatments Against Parasitic Scuticociliate (Philaster apodigitiformis) that Causes Mass Mortality Among Sea Urchins (Diadema antillarum) - Results: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P9D3CY2X, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.638
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.637
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.7637
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.7636
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Florida
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 01-Nov-2022
    Ending_Date: 16-Aug-2022
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The entity and attribute descriptions for the Scuticociliate_Treatment_Results data file (.csv and .xlsx) included in this data release are detailed in a data dictionary, Scuticociliate_Treatment_DataDictionary.docx. A copy of the data files and data dictionary are included in the data zip file, Scuticociliate_Treatment.zip. These metadata are not complete without this file, and users should refer to the data dictionary when viewing the data file.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • James S. Evans
    • Christina A. Kellogg
    • Julie J. Voelschow
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Christina A. Kellogg
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Research Microbiologist
    600 4th St. South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    United States

    727-502-8128 (voice)
    ckellogg@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The purpose of this experiment is to test these compounds for their ability to cause 100% mortality in a laboratory culture of the scuticociliate Philaster apodigitiformis in a short period of time. Identifying successful compounds is the first step toward developing a field-deployable treatment against Diadema Scuticociliatosis (DaSc).

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 01-Aug-2023 (process 1 of 2)
    Initial testing of potential treatments: Between November 2022 and August 2023, potential treatments were tested at the USGS SPCMSC Coral Microbial Ecology Laboratory. Working stocks were used to create final testing concentrations of 100 µM, 50 µM, 25 µM, 12.5 µM, 6.25 µM, and 3.13 µM for each run of the experiment. Compounds were tested using subcultured coelomic fluid extracted from infected Diadema antillarum specimens. Any compounds that were identified to be effective within 24 hours (2’4’ dihydroxychalcone, bithionol sulfoxide, carnidazole, furaltadone, plumbagin, oxyclozanide, quinacrine, and tomatine) were determined to be potentially of value for field application and subjected to further testing.
    Date: 16-Aug-2023 (process 2 of 2)
    Final testing of potential treatments: 2’4’ dihydroxychalcone, bithionol sulfoxide, carnidazole, furaltadone, plumbagin, oxyclozanide, quinacrine, and tomatine were all trialed for 15 minutes at their highest dosage (100 µM). Only two compounds, quinacrine and tomatine, were effective at that dosage after 15 minutes. An additional 15 minute trial was run at 50 µM for both compounds, with only tomatine being effective. Tomatine was then trialed at 25 µM for 15 minutes and found to be ineffective. Results from the experiment were compiled into a comma separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) file for publication in this data release.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Evans, James S., Voelschow, Julie J., Ritchie, Isabella T., Breitbart, Mya, Hewson, Ian, and Kellogg, Christina A., 20230328, Evaluation of in vitro treatments against the causative agent of Diadema antillarum scuticociliatosis (DaSc): Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Volume 157.

    Online Links:

    Hewson, Ian, Ritchie, Isabella T., Evans, James S., Altera, Ashley, Behringer, Donald, Bowman, Erin, Brandt, Marilyn, Budd, Kayla A., Camacho, Ruleo A., Cornwell, Tomas O., Countway, Peter D., Croquer, Aldo, Delgado, Gabriel A., DeRito, Christopher, Duermit-Moreau, Elizabeth, Francis-Floyd, Ruth, Gittens, Samuel, Henderson, Leslie, Hylkema, Alwin, Kellogg, Christina A., Kiryu, Yasunari, Kitson-Walters, Kimani A., Kramer, Patricia, Lang, Judith C., Lessios, Harilaos, Liddy, Lauren, Marancik, David, Nimrod, Stephen, Patterson, Joshua T., Pistor, Marit, Romero, Isabel C., Sellares-Blasco, Rita, Moriah L. B. Sevier, Sharp, William C., Souza, Matthew, Valdez-Trinidad, Andreina, der, Marijn van Laan, Vilanova-Cuevas, Brayan, Villalpando, Maria, Sarah D. Von Hoene, Warham, Matthew, Wijers, Tom, Williams, Stacey M., Work, Thierry M., Yanong, Roy P., Zambrano, Someira, Zimmermann, Alizee, and Breitbart, Mya, 20230419, A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea: Science Advances Volume 9, Issue 16.

    Online Links:

    Iglesias, Raul, Parama, A., Alverez, M. F., and Leiro, Jose Manuel, 20020603, Antiprotozoals effective in vitro against the scuticociliate fish pathogen Philasterides dicentrarchi: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Volume 49, Issue 3.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Pages 191-197
    Sueiro, Rosa Ana, Leiro, Jose Manuel, Blanco-Abad, Veronica, Raaijmakers, Jos, Bruijn, Irene de, Ron P. H. Dirks, and Lamas, Jesus, 20220218, Plant- and bacteria-derived compounds with anti- Philasterides dicentrarchi activity: MDPI Volume 11, issue 2.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical consistency tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.
Use_Constraints None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
    600 4th Street South
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    United States

    727-502-8000 (voice)
    gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Scuticociliate_Treatment_Results.csv, Scuticociliate_Treatment_Results.xlsx
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 27-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
600 4th Street South
Saint Petersburg, FL
United States

727-502-8000 (voice)
gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001.1-1999)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Scuticociliate_Treatment_FGDC_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Mar 27 12:35:29 2024