Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA
Abstract:
This dataset contains carbonate system data collected by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center to investigate the effects of carbon cycling, coastal and ocean acidification on the Tampa Bay estuary located in west central Florida, USA. These data were collected using an autonomous instrument called the Ocean Carbon System (OCS) deployed on the seafloor in Tampa Bay. The OCS consists of five sensors integrated into a Sea-Bird Scientific (Satlantic) STOR-X submersible data logger including a Seabird 16plus CTD, a Satlantic SeaFET pH sensor, a Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro CO2 sensor, an Aanderaa oxygen optode, and a Wetlabs Eco-PAR sensor. The dataset is a time series of carbonate system parameters including: water temperature (Celsius, °C), conductivity (siemens, S), pressure (decibar, dbar), salinity, pHT (pH on the total scale), carbon dioxide (ppm), pressure from the CO2-Pro Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA) (millibars), dissolved oxygen (micromoles) and photosynthetically available radiation (microEinsteins). Each parameter was measured every hour for 24-hour time periods during extended deployments ranging from weeks to months.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Yates, Kimberly, Moore, Christopher, and Goldstein, Nathan, 20170915, Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F77H1GTW, U.S Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.69355
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.55417
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.96125
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.63611
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: May-2015
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular Digital Data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Tampa-Bay-OCS-Data
    Time series data collected from Tampa Bay, FL, in May 2015 and January 2016. Spreadsheet contains: coordinates, date, time, conductivity, water temperature, pressure at depth, salinity, pH, CO2, measurement chamber pressure for CO2, dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation and data quality flags for each parameter. (Source: USGS)
    Site description
    Description of the physical location and attributes of the location where the measurements were collected. (Source: USGS) The name of the geographic location and a brief description of the seafloor characteristics at the sampling location.
    Latitude
    Latitude coordinates measured in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:27.63611
    Maximum:27.96125
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude coordinates measured in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-82.69355
    Maximum:-82.55417
    Units:Decimal degrees
    DATETAG
    A numeric identifier for the Julian calendar date used by the USGS on the day of sample collection. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2015-131
    Maximum:2016-021
    Units:Units correspond to year and Julian day number in the format YYYY-DDD
    TIMETAG
    Timestamp showing the time of day each sample was collected. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:00:30:04
    Maximum:23:30:13
    Units:Hours, minutes, seconds in the format HH:MM:SS
    T(W) (C)
    Water temperature measured in degrees Celsius (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:12.59
    Maximum:32.04
    Units:Celsius
    QF_T(W)
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of reported temperature data. (Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP/document/codetbls/gtsppcodes/gtspp_qual.html)
    ValueDefinition
    1Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    COND (S)
    Conductivity measured in Siemens (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.77148
    Maximum:5.63905
    Units:Siemens
    QF_COND
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported conductivity data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PRESS (dbar)
    Pressure measured in decibars (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.593
    Maximum:30
    Units:2.112
    QF_PRESS
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported pressure data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    SALINITY
    A numeric value for salinity (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:22.21
    Maximum:33.90
    QF_SALINITY
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported salinity data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    pHT
    A numeric value for pH using the total scale. Missing data points are marked in data columns with the value -999. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:7.616
    Maximum:8.522
    QF_pHT
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported total scale pH data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 9Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    CO2 (ppm)
    A numeric value for the concentration of CO2 in parts per million by volume. Missing data points are marked in data columns with the value -999. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:93.3
    Maximum:2000
    Units:1063
    QF_CO2
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported CO2 concentration data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 9Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PRES(IRGA) (mbar)
    A numeric value for pressure in the sampling chamber of the infrared gas analyzer of the CO2 sensor. Missing data points are marked in data columns with the value -999. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:965
    Maximum:1063
    Units:mbar
    QF_PRES(IRGA)
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported IRGA pressure data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 9Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    OXYGEN (micromol/L)
    A numeric identifier for the concentration of oxygen in micromoles per liter of seawater (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:34.4
    Maximum:474.6
    Units:micromol/L
    QF_OXYGEN
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported oxygen concentration data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PAR (microEinsteins)
    A numeric value for the concentration of photosynthetically available radiation (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:1032.8
    Units:microEinsteins
    QF_PAR
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported PAR data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1Flag 0= No quality control (QC) performed, Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kimberly Yates
    • Christopher Moore
    • Nathan Goldstein
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Please acknowledgment the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center and cite the USGS data release as the source for all products developed from these data.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Kimberly Yates
    United States Geological Survey
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset was acquired to assist USGS staff with the quantification, analysis and interpretation of geochemical time series data that will ultimately be used in assessments and research of or related to carbon cycling, coastal and ocean acidification.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2015 (process 1 of 2)
    OCS Description: The Ocean Carbon System (OCS) consists of 5 sensors, 1 pump, 2 batteries, and 1 STOR-X submersible data logger. The equipment models and serial numbers (s/n) are: Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro (s/n 049) for measurement of carbon dioxide concentration; Sea-Bird/Satlantic SeaFET pH sensor (s/n 31) for measurement of pH on the total scale; Sea-Bird SBE 16plus V2 SeaCAT C-T (P) recorder (s/n 16P40144-4781) for measurement of conductivity, temperature and depth; Sea-Bird/WET Labs ECO-PAR (s/n PARS-307) for measurement of photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR); Aanderra Oxygen Optode 4831 (s/n 116) for measurement of dissolved oxygen; Sea-Bird/Satlantic STOR-X (s/n 133) and a Sea-Bird SBE-5P submersible pump (s/n 6679). Sensor resolution is as follows: Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro 0.01 ppm; 1mb for PRESS(IRGA); SeaFET +/-0.05 pH; Sea-Bird SBE 16plu V2s SeaCAT 0.0001 degrees C for temperature; 0.00005 siemens for conductivity and 0.002% of full scale range of 7000 meters; ECO-PAR 14-bit digital output resolution; and Aanderra Optode <1 micromol/L for concentration.
    The sensors were packaged as a single unit in a custom designed platform that was mounted within a Miniaturized Trawl Resistant Bottom Mount (MTRBM). The Sea-Bird SBE-5P submersible pump pulls water through a stainless steel mesh strainer and pumps the water to the CO2-Pro for pCO2 measurement before flowing into the SeaFET for pH analysis. The sensors not requiring flow are located in close proximity to the pump intake and measure ambient water. The MTRBM has multiple openings to allow mixing with ambient water. The STOR-X is powered by two removable Satlantic Panasonic Industrial Alkaline AM-1PI battery packs, each consisting of 7 parallel sets of 10 cells in series in a factory shrink-wrapped package.
    The STOR-X distributes power to the attached sensors according to a custom schedule. The OCS operates 24 hours per day, with a sampling acquisition period once every hour at the half-hour mark prefaced by a 20 minute warm up period for the CO2-Pro. The sampling acquisition period runs for 00:01:10. The CO2 sensor re-zeros every 8 hours and collects 21 CO2 and PRESS(IRGA) measurements during each sampling period. The Aanderra sensor collects 6 or 7 dissolved oxygen measurements per sample period. The ECO-PAR sensor collects approximately 30 PAR measurements per sample period. The SeaFET collects 10 pH measurements per sample period. The SBE 16Plus collects 1 conductivity, temperature and pressure measurement per sampling period.
    Data Storage and Preprocessing: Data are managed and stored by the STOR-X data logger. Acquired data are saved into sensor-specific .raw files that contain the information for each Julian day. Downloading this data from the site occurs at regular intervals to ensure the sensors operational status. Downloading these .raw files from the STOR-X requires the use of STORXCom software to communicate between the STOR-X and a computer. Once the data are downloaded, SatCon version 1.5 Data Conversion program converts the .raw files into .dat files and applies any processing required. Individual sensor Julian day .dat files are then combined into one large multi-day dataset per sensor. These files are opened in Microsoft (MS) Excel 2010 and saved in the .xlsx format. The combined multiday files contain headers for each individual day file that are strung together; these must be manually removed in MS Excel leaving only the top header line. Multi-day files are then processed through a custom averaging code written in Pearl, designed by David Zawada (USGS). This code averages the multiple measurements from each sensor per sampling period to generate a single averaged value for each sensor per sampling period, reported at the start time of the sampling period and day. In addition to averaging parameter values, the code also provides the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for each sampling period. Averaged data for each sensor parameter are then manually merged into a single .xlsx file for further processing. Data files are deleted from the STOR-X after confirmation of successful download and storage of parameter data.
    Advanced Data Processing: Preliminary QA/QC of sensor data are performed after averaged data are compiled into .xlsx files and after advanced data processing is performed. The SeaFET pH data are corrected for salinity and temperature, using Sea-Bird SBE 16plus SeaCAT C-T (P) recorder data through a MS Excel macro provided by Satlantic. The Satlantic macro is also used to calibrate the SeaFET pH data to discrete pH measurements determined in- situ and concurrently with OCS sample acquisition using, spectrophotometric pH methods. Aanderra dissolved oxygen (DO) data are corrected for temperature, salinity, and pressure using the Sea-Bird SBE 16plus SeaCAT C-T (P) recorder data and a MS Excel macro provided by Aanderra. Once corrections have been completed, parameter data are plotted to examine sensor performance and identify non-trending outliers. Cross validation of sensor parameters is performed to further analyze outliers and identify questionable or bad data points. Preliminary QA/QC does not include validation of sensor data against discretely measured parameters and are, thus, considered preliminary, non-validated data. Person who carried out this activity:
    Kimberly Yates
    USGS
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 2 of 2)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All sensor data were subject to preliminary QA/QC. A two-step procedure has been taken to remove outliers. During the first step, data beyond the measurement ranges for sensors were flagged with a quality flag of 4 to indicate bad data. Next, data parameters were plotted to examine temporal trends and cross-correlation (for example, pCO2 vs. pH), as predictable relationships (linear or exponential) have been observed in previous discrete and autonomous measurements in Tampa Bay. Data points that deviate from temporal and/or correlation trends were flagged with a quality flag of 4 (indicating bad data). Missing data points are marked in data columns with the value -999, and are also marked with a quality flag of 9.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Accuracy was checked against global positioning system (GPS) values provided by the manufacturer. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Accuracy was checked against global positioning system (GPS) values provided by the manufacture. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data were checked to insure all values fall within the range of analysis for each sensor, and outliers were marked with a quality flag of 4. Data were checked for missing or duplicate data points and marked as indicated in the description of data quality flags. Geospatial data were plotted in either ArcGIS or in Google Earth to verify accuracy of the location.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Kimberly Yates
    United States Geological Survey
    600th 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Tampa-Bay-OCS-Data-May-2015.csv, Tampa-Bay-OCS-Data-Jan-2016.csv
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Kimberly Yates
United States Geological Survey
Research Oceanographer
600th 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8059 (voice)
kyates@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Tampa-Bay-OCS-metadata.faq.html>
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