Barnegat Bay surface and subsurface sediment physical parameters data from May 2014 (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Number 2014-310-FA)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Barnegat Bay surface and subsurface sediment physical parameters data from May 2014 (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Number 2014-310-FA)
Abstract:
Barnegat Bay, located along the eastern shore of New Jersey, was significantly impacted by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a multidisciplinary study of sediment transport and hydrodynamics to understand the mechanisms that govern estuarine and wetland responses to storm forcing. This report details the physical and chemical characteristics of surficial and downcore sediments from two areas within the bay. Eleven sites were sampled in both the central portion of the bay near Barnegat Inlet and in the southern portion of the bay in Little Egg Harbor. Laboratory analyses include Be-7, Pb-210, bulk density, porosity, x-radiographs, and grain-size distribution. These data will serve as a critical baseline dataset for understanding the current sedimentological regime and can be applied to future storms for understanding estuarine and wetland evolution.This report serves as an archive for sedimentological and radiochemical data derived from the surface sediments and box cores. Downloadable data are available as Excel spreadsheets, PDF files, and JPEG files, and includes sediment core data plots and x-radiographs, as well as, physical-properties, grain-size, alpha-spectoscopy, and gamma-spectroscopy data. Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata are available for analytical datasets in the data downloads page of this report.
Supplemental_Information: None
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Marot, Marci E., 20160415, Barnegat Bay surface and subsurface sediment physical parameters data from May 2014 (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Number 2014-310-FA):.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Marot, Marci E., Smith, Christopher G., Ellis, Alisha M., and Wheaton, Cathryn J., 20160415, Evaluating the Potential Effects of Hurricanes On Long-term Sediment Accumulation in Two Micro-tidal Sub-estuaries: Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 993, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.32585
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.12662
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.57150
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.78782
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 12-May-2014
    Ending_Date: 14-May-2014
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    14BRN_Box_Cores_Physical_Data.xlsx, 14BRN_Grab_Physical_Data.xlsx
    Physical lithological parameter results of surface sediment collected in Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. (Source: USGS)
    Core ID
    Core identification number (Source: USGS) Core site identification number assigned by USGS scientist.
    Sample ID
    Sample identification number (Source: USGS) Ponar grab sample site identification number assigned by USGS scientist.
    Depth (cm)
    Depth interval measured below core surface (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:35
    Units:centimeters
    Resolution:0.5
    Water Content (g-water/g-wet)
    The ratio of mass of water to the mass of wet sediment in the individual sample interval (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.20
    Maximum:0.65
    Units:grams of water per grams of wet sediment
    Resolution:0.01
    Dry Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Dry bulk density of the sediment (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.41
    Maximum:1.54
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Resolution:0.01
    Porosity
    Porosity in each sample interval (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.38
    Maximum:0.82
    Units:cubic centimeter of void space per cubic centimeter of wet sediment
    Resolution:0.01
    Loss On Ignition (g-OM/g-dry)
    The ratio of the mass of organic matter combusted at 550 Celsius to the pre-combusted mass of dry sediment (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.006
    Maximum:0.156
    Units:grams of organic matter per grams of dry sediment
    Resolution:0.001

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Marci E. Marot
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    U.S. Geological Survey
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Marci E. Marot
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    mmarot@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The 14BRN_Physical_Data.zip file includes all bulk lithologic analysis results from surface sediments and box cores collected in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey from May 12-14, 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2014 (process 1 of 5)
    In the field, the top 1-centimeter of undisturbed surface material from the ponar grab sampler and box corer was collected for sediment characterization, placed in individual storage bags, and stored on ice. The surface samples were transported to the USGS SPCMSC. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Marci E. Marot
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    U.S.

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    mmarot@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 2 of 5)
    In the field, the box core was subsampled with a 6-inch diameter acrylic core barrel. After inserting the core barrels into the box core, the amount of compaction of the sediment in the core barrel relative to the box core surface was measured in centimeters. The cores were sealed and transported upright to shore. On Shore the 6-inch diameter cores were vertically extruded and sectioned into 1-cm depth intervals. The subsections were placed in individual storage bags, stored on ice and transported to the USGS SPCMSC. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Marci E. Marot
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    U.S.

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    mmarot@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 3 of 5)
    In the laboratory, samples were homogenized in the sample bag and a subsample of each 1-cm interval was processed for basic sediment characteristics (dry bulk density and porosity). Water content, porosity and dry bulk density were determined using water mass lost during drying. Approximately 20 – 30 milliliters (mL) of each wet subsample was packed into a graduated syringe with 0.5 mL resolution. The wet sediment was then extracted into a pre-weighed aluminum tray and the weight of the wet sediment and the volume was recorded. The wet sediment and tray were placed in a drying oven for approximately 48 hours at 60°C. Water content (θ) was determined as the mass of water (mass lost when dried) relative to the initial wet sediment mass. Dry bulk density was determined by ratio of dry sediment to the known volume of sediment packed into the syringe. Porosity was calculated from the equation φ = θ / [θ+(1-θ)/ρs] where ρs is grain density assumed to be 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter (g cm-3). Salt-mass contributions were removed based on the salinity measured at the time of sample collection. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Marci E. Marot
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    U.S.

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    mmarot@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 4 of 5)
    Organic matter (OM) content was determined using a mass loss technique, commonly referred to as loss on ignition (LOI). The dry sediment from the processing described above was homogenized using a porcelain mortar and pestle. Approximately 1 – 5 grams (g) of dry sediment was placed into a pre-weighed porcelain crucible. The mass of the dried sediment was recorded with an analytical balance to a precision of 0.01 g. The samples were then placed into a laboratory muffle furnace with stabilizing temperature control. The furnace was ramped to 110 °C over a 30-minute interval and then held at 110 °C for 2 hours. Samples were removed and weighed to determine excess moisture loss. Samples were then placed back in the furnace. The furnace was then ramped to 550 °C over a 30-minute interval and then held at 550 °C for 6 hours. The furnace temperature was then lowered to 60 °C and held at this temperature until the sediments could be reweighed. The latter step prevents the absorption of moisture, which can affect the measurement. Samples were reweighed using the same balance and to a precision of 0.01 g. The mass lost during the 6-hour baking period relative to the initial dry mass is used as a metric of OM content (modified from Dean, 1974). Data are reported as a ratio of mass (milligrams, mg) of organic matter to mass (g) of dry sediment (post-110 °C drying). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Marci E. Marot
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    U.S.

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    mmarot@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 5 of 5)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The physical parameters reported in the tables were analyzed at the USGS SPCMSC sedimentology lab. These lithologic data have not been independently verified for accuracy. Replicate analyses of loss on ignition are reported for quality assurance.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This is a complete processed physical parameters data file for the May 2014 Barnegat Bay ponar sediment grabs and box cores.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    The data includes sample ID, date collected, water content, dry bulk density, porosity, and loss on ignition.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be referenced as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Marci E. Marot
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    U.S.

    502-8000 (voice)
    mmarot@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. Is there some other way to get the data?
    none
  6. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The spreadsheets included in this .zip file were created for use with Microsoft Excel 2010. They may also be viewed with the Microsoft Excel viewer or by downloading a Microsoft Compatibility Pack to view with older versions of Microsoft Excel. The .zip file also contains comma delimited files (.csv) of the physical parameter data for surface and subsurface sediments. The .csv data files contain the tabular data in plain text and may be viewed with a standard text editor.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: Marci E. Marot
Geologist
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S.

(727) 502-8000 (voice)
mmarot@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/ds993_Physical_Parameter-metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:18:54 2021