Photographs and locations of bottom still imagery collected in Little Egg Inlet and offshore the southern end of Long Beach Island, NJ, during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Photographs and locations of bottom still imagery collected in Little Egg Inlet and offshore the southern end of Long Beach Island, NJ, during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)
Abstract:
The natural resiliency of the New Jersey barrier island system, and the efficacy of management efforts to reduce vulnerability, depends on the ability of the system to recover and maintain equilibrium in response to storms and persistent coastal change. This resiliency is largely dependent on the availability of sand in the beach system. In an effort to better understand the system's sand budget and processes in which this system evolves, high-resolution geophysical mapping of the sea floor in Little Egg Inlet and along the southern end of Long Beach Island near Beach Haven, New Jersey was conducted from May 31 to June 10, 2018, followed by a sea floor sampling survey conducted from October 22 to 23, 2018, as part of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and Stockton University. Multibeam echo sounder bathymetry and backscatter data were collected along 741 kilometers of tracklines (approximately 200 square kilometers) of the coastal sea floor to regionally define its depth and morphology, as well as the type and distribution of sea-floor sediments. Six hundred ninety-two kilometers of seismic-reflection profile data were also collected to define the thickness and structure of sediment deposits in the inlet and offshore. These new data will help inform future management decisions that affect the natural and recreational resources of the area around and offshore of Little Egg Inlet. These mapping surveys provide high-quality data needed to build scientific knowledge of the evolution and behavior of the New Jersey barrier island system.
Supplemental_Information:
Bottom video, which may provide a better representation of the general seabed environment over a larger area, was also taken at each station (see dataset 2018-049-FA_videos available from the larger work citation). Physical sediment samples, which provide additional information about the seabed, were also collected at most stations and analyzed in the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center for grain size (see 2018-049-FA_samples_GS-LD.csv available from the larger work citation).
The sampling data were collected to ground truth (verify) acoustic data collected during USGS field activity 2018-001-FA. Additional information on the field activities associated with this project are available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-001-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-049-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 20210422, Photographs and locations of bottom still imagery collected in Little Egg Inlet and offshore the southern end of Long Beach Island, NJ, during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file): data release DOI:10.5066/P9C3J33K, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Ackerman, Seth D., Barnhardt, Walter A., Worley, Charles R., Nichols, Alex R., Baldwin, Wayne E., and Evert, Steve, 2021, High-resolution geophysical and geological data collected in Little Egg Inlet and offshore the southern end of Long Beach Island, NJ, during USGS Field Activities 2018-001-FA and 2018-049-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/P9C3J33K, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Ackerman, S.D., Barnhardt, W.A., Worley, C.R., Nichols, A.R., Baldwin, W.E., and Evert, S., 2021, High-resolution geophysical and geological data collected in Little Egg Inlet and offshore the southern end of Long Beach Island, NJ, during USGS Field Activities 2018-001-FA and 2018-049-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C3J33K.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.4594809
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.20291861
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.55652784
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.38760783
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5f52ef0182cea1f95a5c4bc3/?name=2018-049-FA_photos_browse.jpg (JPEG)
    Image of bottom imagery locations off southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 22-Oct-2018
    Ending_Date: 23-Oct-2018
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition during field activity 2018-049-FA: 20181022-20181023
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster, vector, and tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (172)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000005. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000005. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    2018-049-FA_photos.shp
    Bottom image locations and bottom still images collected off southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    PICNAME
    Name of bottom image used to uniquely identify images: e.g., 2018049FA_SEABOSSg45_20181022T131251Z_G0030262.JPG where 2018049FA refers to the USGS WHCMSC Field Activity Number 2018-049-FA; SEABOSSg45 refers to the SEABOSS sampler and the camera GoPro Hero 4 number 5; 20181022T131251Z refers to the image date and GPS time in the ISO 8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T [time separator] HHMMSS Z [Zulu/UTC time]), and G0030262 refers to the sequential image number assigned to the photo by the camera representing the original image filename. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish images.
    SMPL_SITE
    Sampling site at which the image was taken (e.g. 2018-049-FA-001 where 2018-049-FA is the Field Activity Number and -001 is the sequential SEABOSS sampling site number). These sampling sites correspond to the sediment sample data (2018-049-FA_samples.shp) available from the larger work citation. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish sampling site.
    LAT
    Latitude of bottom image in geographic coordinates, WGS 84. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:39.387608
    Maximum:39.556528
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.00000001
    LONG
    Longitude of bottom image in geographic coordinates, WGS 84. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-74.459481
    Maximum:-74.202919
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.00000001
    GPS_DTUTC
    UTC date and time of bottom image from GPS navigation file in the format HH:MM:SS. This is determined by the GPS (e.g. 2018:10:22 13:12:51Z where 2018:10:22 represents the date in the format YYYY:MM:DD and 13:12:51Z represents the time in the format HH:MM:SS the Z at the end indicates Zulu/UTC time). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish the UTC date and times of the bottom images.
    CAM_DTUTC
    Camera date and time of bottom image (e.g. 2018:10:22 13:12:56 where 2018:10:22 represents the date in the format YYYY:MM:DD and 13:12:56 represents the time in the format HH:MM:SS). For this survey, the camera was set to UTC time. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish the camera date and time of the bottom images determined from the camera's internal clock.
    TIMEOFFSET
    Offset applied, if any, to match the bottom image to the correct time determined by the GPS navigation. This field is the time difference between the camera time (CAM_DUTM) and the GPS time in UTC (GPS_DUTC) in the format HH:MM:SS. A value of "00:00:00" indicates no offset was applied in processing. If the camera time were X seconds behind the GPS time, a positive offset of +X would be applied. If the camera were Y seconds ahead of the GPS time, a negative offset of -Y would be applied. During USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA, the GoPro camera was approximately 5 seconds ahead of UTC time on the GPS therefore an adjustment of -00:00:05 was made to the photos during the geotagging process (see process steps). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish the time offsets of the bottom images.
    CAMERA
    Camera used to collect bottom image. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish between different possible camera models mounted on the SEABOSS sampler.
    FA_ID
    Serial number assigned to the field activity during which the bottom image was collected. This value is in the format YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the survey year, XXX is the number assigned to the activity within that year, and FA indicates Field Activity. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish field activities by year and ID number.
    DEVICE_ID
    Sampling device used to collect the bottom image. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to identify the sampling configuration used during the survey.
    VEHICLE_ID
    Vehicle (ship) used to collect data during survey 2018-018-FA. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to identify the survey vessel.
    2018-049-FA_photos.csv
    CSV text file of bottom image locations and bottom still images collected off southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA. Attributes are the same as described for the shapefile. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The CSV file has the same attributes with the same definitions as the shapefile.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset is used to display the images and locations of bottom images acquired with a GoPro HERO4 Black camera on the mini-SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS) aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Petrel during USGS field activity 2018-049-FA (October 22-23). Imagery data serve as a means to visually classify grain size and are especially important for sites where no physical sediment sample was collected.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Original JPEG photographs, bottom video, and raw navigation files (source 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, Unpublished Material, Bottom imagery and navigation data.

    Type_of_Source_Media: disc
    Source_Contribution:
    Bottom imagery was acquired using the mini-SEABOSS. The observations from still and video cameras and the sediment data are used to explore the nature of the sea floor and, in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate acoustic remote sensing data. This configuration of the mini-SEABOSS incorporates a downward-looking SeaViewer HD video camera with a topside feed, two GoPro HERO4 Black cameras recording still images (one was attached to the SEABOSS frame another was extended on a removable pole that was forward of the SEABOSS approximately 1 meter in hopes of getting a clearer, unobstructed view of the seabed), a modified Van Veen sediment grab sampler, and lights to illuminate the seabed for video and photographs. The elements of this particular SEABOSS system are held within a stainless-steel frame that measures 0.9 x 0.9 x 1.25 meters. The frame has two stabilizer fins that orient the system as it drifts over the seabed. Two red lasers were set 20 centimeters apart (both as they are mounted on the SEABOSS frame and as seen in photographs and video on the seabed) for scale measurements. The red laser dots can usually be seen in the imagery depending on the bottom type and distance to the sea floor. The R/V Petrel occupied one of the target stations and the SEABOSS was deployed off the vessel's A-frame on the stern of the ship. The winch operator lowered the sampler until the sea floor was observed in the topside live video feed. The vessel and sampler then drifted with wind and current for up to a few minutes to ensure a decent image with a clear view of the sea floor was acquired. Usually at the end of a short drift, the winch operator lowered the Van Veen sampler until it rested on the sea floor. When the system was raised, the Van Veen sampler closed and collected a sample as it was lifted off the sea floor. The sampler was recovered to the deck of the survey vessel where a subsample was taken for analysis at the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. The GoPro camera time were set to UTC; calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time were off by an average of 5 seconds from the GPS time, so the time offsets were corrected during the geotagging process. During some of the survey, the seabed turbidity made it such that no usable images were able to be acquired. In these cases, brief glimpses of the sea floor may be visible in the coincident video files. Bottom video was recorded from the downward-looking camera directly to hard drives using an Odyssey7 video recorder. The image dimensions of the GoPro photos are 4,000 x 3,000 pixels. The imaged area is most often within 0.5 to 1.25 meters from left to right. DGPS navigation from the R/V Petrel's Hemisphere VS330 GPS receiver was logged to the ship's HYPACK computer (HYPACK version 2017a) and, as a backup, through ArcGIS using the ArcMap GPS extension. The main source of navigation data was the ship's HYPACK files.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 23-Oct-2018 (process 1 of 8)
    A total of 70 sites were occupied aboard the R/V Petrel with the mini-SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001) in October 2018 during USGS survey 2018-049-FA. See the source contribution section of this metadata file for additional system configuration details. The set of photographs collected by the SEABOSS was culled to remove images on deck, in the water column, blurry images of the seabed. For some sites that had many usable images, although of the same or similar seabed, only a handful of these good images were kept for publication in this data release to provide a representative view of the sea floor. This process step and all subsequent steps were performed by the same person unless otherwise noted. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Original JPEG photographs
    • Bottom video
    • navigation data
    Date: 12-Feb-2020 (process 2 of 8)
    DGPS navigation from a Hemisphere VS330 receiver was logged with the ship's HYPACK computer and, as a backup, through ArcGIS using the ArcMap GPS extension. The GPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84). Dates and times were recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The primary navigation log files (from HYPACK) were saved for each Julian day in HYPACK RAW format. The backup navigation logged in ArcGIS was saved as Esri point shapefiles. Data sources used in this process:
    • GPS navigation
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Raw HYPACK navigation files
    • ArcMap GPS shapefiles
    Date: 12-Feb-2020 (process 3 of 8)
    Navigation dropouts required the images to be processed in 3 sets based on the available navigation data: HYPACK-recorded navigation was used for 155 images, though 10 of these images were captured during small HYPACK navigation dropouts (each less than 20-40 seconds) and required interpolation across the small gaps using Exiftool (version 11.11); 17 images had to be processed with the ArcMap-recorded navigation due to a 1-hour HYPACK logging gap on Oct 23. Note: Navigation for both streams were recorded from the same antenna and receiver on the ship.
    Part 1 of a Python Jupyter Notebook (Hypack_NJ2018-Feb2020.ipynb) was run on the log files to parse for the GPRMC navigation string and create ASCII Comma Separated Values (CSV) text files (each one with "_out.txt" appended to the original filename). These output files were concatenated together for each survey day separately creating the files Oct22_ALLNav_v2_Hypack.RAW and Oct23_ALLNav_v2_Hypack.RAW. These files were then edited in the VI editor to remove the HYPACK formatting at the start of each line (":%s/^.\{16}//g"), resulting in a standard NMEA GPRMC string, which was saved as files Oct22_ALLNav_v2_GPRMC.NMEA and Oct23_ALLNav_v2_GPRMC.NMEA.
    An extended dropout in HYPACK navigation recording occurred on October 23 between 15:52:48 and 16:51:03 UTC during deployments at sampling sites 2018-049-FA-062 and 2018-049-FA-063. Backup GPS data logged in Esri ArcMap were used to fill the approximately 1-hour gap (17 photos). This navigation was converted to a GPS track log file format (GPX) that is supported by ExifTool. The ArcMap-logged navigation was exported from ArcGIS (version 10.3) to a CSV text file, which was then converted to a GPX file (20200213065707-32034-data.gpx) using GPS Visualizer (http://www.gpsvisualizer.com/convert_input?convert_format=gpx, accessed February 13, 2020.
    Several smaller navigation dropouts affected both recording systems but an interpolation capability in the ExifTool program (described below) can account for these small gaps. Data sources used in this process:
    • Processed HYPACK navigation files
    • ArcMap GPS Shapefiles
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • NMEA-formatted navigation file
    • GPX navigation file
    Date: 15-Feb-2020 (process 4 of 8)
    The original JPEG images alone do not represent spatial data, however, they can be geolocated by linking the time the image was taken, which was recorded in the JPEG files' Exchangeable image file format (Exif) headers, to the corresponding time in the navigation logs. Camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often result in a time offset. The camera time of the GoPro HERO4 Black was set to UTC at the start of the survey. Calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was approximately 5 seconds ahead of the GPS time for the duration of the survey. This time offset was corrected by subtracting five seconds from the camera time for all photos during the geotagging process.
    To geotag the images, the following commands were used with ExifTool (version 11.11) to populate the GPS tags (GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLatitude, GPSLongitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSTimeStamp, and GSPDateStamp) in the Exif header of each JPEG image:
    145 images coincident with the HYPACK-recorded navigation:exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=2 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./ALL_NMEA.NMEA -geosync=-5 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}' ./pics_wHypackNav/pics/*.JPG
    10 images among the small gaps from the HYPACK-recorded navigation:exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=40 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./ALL_NMEA.NMEA -geosync=-5 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}' ./pics_wInterpNav/pics/*.JPG
    17 images during 1-hour gap in HYPACK-recorded navigation but coincident with the ArcMap-recorded navigation:exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=2 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./20200213065707-32034-data.gpx -geosync=-5 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}' ./pics_wArcGISNav/pics/*.JPG
    The descriptions of the ExifTool arguments are as follows:
    -api GeoMaxIntSecs=2 or -api GeoMaxIntSecs=40: an option configured to set the maximum interpolation time for geotagging. Geotagging is treated as an extrapolation if the Geotime value (which is equal to DateTimeOriginal in this case) lies between two fixes in the same track that are separated by a number of seconds greater than this (provided it is within GeoMaxExtSecs, otherwise geotagging fails). Otherwise, the coordinates are calculated as a linear interpolation between the nearest fixes on either side of the Geotime value.
    -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0: an option configured to set the maximum extrapolation time to zero seconds for geotagging. Geotagging fails if the Geotime value (which is equal to DateTimeOriginal in this case) lies outside a GPS track by a number of seconds greater than this or the maximum interpolation time. Otherwise, the coordinates of the matching fix are taken (if the Geotime matches a time in the GPS track log file) or the coordinates are calculated as a linear interpolation between the nearest fixes on either side of the Geotime value.
    -P: an option to preserve the FileModifyDate.
    -m: an option used for the GoPro photos to ignore a warning given by ExifTool when reading or writing a file containing unknown MakerNotes. If this option is not used, the following warnings are issued since ExifTool does not recognize the MakerNotes in the GoPro images: Warning: [minor] Unrecognized MakerNotes; Warning: [minor] Maker notes could not be parsed.
    -geotag: a tag used to add GPS tags to images based on data from a GPS track log file../ALL_NMEA.NMEA or ./20200213065707-32034-data.gpx: the GPS track log files used to geotag in NMEA and GPX file formats, respectively, in the current directory the script is run from.
    --geosync=-5: a tag used when the image timestamps are not properly synchronized with GPS time. The value written to Geosync may take a number of different forms, but this format is the time difference in seconds that is added to Geotime before interpolating the GPS position in the track log. A leading "+" or "-" is added for positive or negative differences (negative if the camera clock was ahead of GPS time). A time offset was applied to all the GoPro photos from survey 2019-049-FA.'
    -geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+00:00': an argument added to geotag images for which the camera clock was set to UTC (+00:00) using the time from DateTimeOriginal
    ./pics_wHypackNav/pics/*.JPG, ./pics_wInterpNav/pics/*.JPG, ./pics_wArcGISNav/pics/*.JPG: directory and wildcard to specific the images to be geotagged.
    The above definitions are from https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html and https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html.
    Note: the computer clock on the processing computer was changed to UTC time zone prior to running these scripts to ensure that the photo and navigation times matched correctly. Data sources used in this process:
    • Original JPEG photographs
    • NMEA and GPX navigation files
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Draft geotagged JPEG photographs
    Date: 23-Mar-2020 (process 5 of 8)
    All of the geotagged images were moved to a single directory and the following command was run using ExifTool (version 11.11) to rename the photos using a schema that adds field activity number, device and camera identifier, and the UTC time the image was captured to the filename:
    exiftool -d 2018049FA_SEABOSSg45_%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ_%%f.%%e "-filename<GPSdatetime" *.JPG
    The descriptions of the ExifTool arguments are as follows:
    -d: sets the format for date and time fields
    2018049FA_SEABOSSg45_%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ_%%f.%%e: this is the output filename format where "2018049FA" indicates the field activity 2018-049-FA; "SEABOSSg45" indicates the platform was the SEABOSS with the GoPro Hero 4 (WHCMSC camera #5); "%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ" indicates that ExifTool should format the date and time parsed from the specified tag with "%Y" = 4-digit year, %m = month, %d = day, the letter "T" delineating the beginning of the time part, %H%M%S as time in 24-hour format hour minute seconds, then the letter "Z" indicating Zulu/UTC timezone."
    -filename<GPSdatetime": this indicates that the GPSdatetime tag will be used for the new filenames*.JPG: indicates the set of photos to process with this script Data sources used in this process:
    • Draft geotagged JPEG photographs
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Renamed geotagged JPEG photographs
    Date: 23-Mar-2020 (process 6 of 8)
    The following command was then used with ExifTool (version 11.11) to incorporate additional survey information into the appropriate tags in the Exif and other headers of each JPEG image. Information is duplicated in some tags because various software packages access different tags. Please note that depending on the software used to view the header tags, only a subset of these tags may be extracted.
    exiftool -P -Artist="Seth D. Ackerman" -comment="Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS mini-SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Petrel during survey 2018-049-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-049-FA)." -sep ";" -keywords="Little Egg Inlet; Beach Haven; Long Beach Island; Hogate; Forsythe Wildlife Refuge; New Jersey; 2018-049-FA; SEABOSS; sea floor; USGS" -Caption="Photograph of the sea floor in off Long Beach Island, New Jersey from USGS field activity 2018-049-FA" -Caption-Abstract="Photograph of the sea floor in off Long Beach Island, New Jersey from USGS field activity 2018-049-FA" -ImageDescription="Photograph of the sea floor in off Long Beach Island, New Jersey from USGS field activity 2018-049-FA" -Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -Contact="WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov" -Copyright="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -CopyrightNotice="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" *.JPG
    The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers:JPEG tag and the information used to populate this tag:
    Comment: Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS mini-SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Petrel during survey 2018-049-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-049-FA)
    Exif tags and the information used to populate these tags:
    ImageDescription: Photograph of the sea floor in off Long Beach Island, New Jersey from USGS field activity 2018-049-FA
    Artist: Seth D. AckermanCopyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
    International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) tags and the information used to populate these tags:
    Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
    Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
    Keywords: Little Egg Inlet; Beach Haven; Long Beach Island; Hogate; Forsythe Wildlife Refuge; New Jersey; 2018-049-FA; SEABOSS; sea floor; USGS
    CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
    Caption-Abstract: Photograph of the sea floor in off Long Beach Island, New Jersey from USGS field activity 2018-049-FA
    Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) tag and the information used to populate this tag:
    Caption: Photograph of the sea floor in off Long Beach Island, New Jersey from USGS field activity 2018-049-FA
    To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.11):
    exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription *.JPG > out.csv
    The -csv option writes the information to a CSV file. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Data sources used in this process:
    • Renamed geotagged JPEG photographs
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Final EXIF-updated geotagged JPEG photographs
    Date: 24-Mar-2020 (process 7 of 8)
    The information from the image headers was extracted using the following ExifTool (version 11.11) commands:
    exiftool -csv -GPSDateTime -DateTimeOriginal -GPSLatitude -GPSLongitude -n *.JPG > 2018049FA_photos_temp.csv
    Then Microsoft Excel for Mac (version 16.35) was used to: rename the field names for the filename (PICNAME), GPS time (GPS_DTUTC), original camera time (CAM_DTUTC), longitude (LONG) and latitude (LAT); add new fields including an attribute for the camera (CAMERA), time offset applied to the camera time for matching GPS time (TIMEOFFSET), survey ID (FA_ID), sampling device used to collect the imagery (DEVICE_ID), and survey vessel (VEHICLE_ID). The table was exported to a CSV file called 2018049FA_photos_temp2.csv. Data sources used in this process:
    • Final EXIF-updated geotagged JPEG photographs
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Bottom image locations CSV file
    Date: 25-Mar-2020 (process 8 of 8)
    A shapefile was created by importing the bottom image locations CSV file into QGIS (version 3.10). In QGIS, the NNJoin plugin (version 3.1.3) was used to perform a spatial join between the photo locations layer and the sediment lab analyses data. All sediment lab data except for the field identifying the nearest sediment sample location (SMPL_SITE) were then removed from the joined dataset. The attribute table was manually edited to account for the photos acquired at sample sites 2018-049-FA-026 and 2018-049-FA-047 where no sediment sample was collected, and the automated spatial join recorded the next nearest sample site. The attribute table was reordered and the position (lat/long) precision was set to 6 decimal places using the Refactor Fields tool in the QGIS Processing Toolbox. The field names were updated as needed using the Layer Properties dialog. The final photo locations shapefile was saved and a CSV file containing the same attributes as the shapefile was exported. Data sources used in this process:
    • Bottom image locations CSV file
    • Sediment sample analyses CSV file
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Final photo locations shapefile
    • Final photo locations CSV file
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Blackwood, D., and Parolski, K., 2001, Seabed observation and sampling system: Sea Technology v. 42, no. 2, p. 39-43, Compass Publications, Inc., Arlington, VA.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Most of the bottom images were acquired with a downward-looking 12-megapixel GoPro HERO4 Black camera that was affixed to a short pole protruding from the front of the sampler. The GoPro was set to capture photos every 2 seconds. The GoPro camera had the default settings and the image file sizes are generally between 2 and 3 MB on disc. Camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often result in an offset. The GoPro camera was set to UTC; calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was on average 5 seconds behind the GPS time over the duration of the survey. The time offset was corrected in the imagery processing during the geotagging step.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The original JPEG images alone do not represent spatial data; however, the images were geolocated during post-processing by linking the time the image was taken to the corresponding time in the navigation data. Sources of horizontal inaccuracy may be due to the camera time or navigation data. The GoPro HERO4 Black camera time was on average about five seconds ahead of the GPS time during this survey. The R/V Petrel's Differential GPS (DGPS) system supplied navigation for survey 2018-049-FA. The GPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (World Geodetic System of 1984 [WGS 84]) however in some cases where navigation may have dropped for a short amount of time, the image's location was interpolated during the geotagging process. The recorded position of each image is the position of the GPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft starboard side of the wheelhouse, not the location of the SEABOSS sampler. The antenna was located approximately 3 meters from the deployment point of the sampler. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition, the sampler may drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Based on the various sources of horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of the bottom image locations is 5-7 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This dataset includes bottom imagery in JPEG format and a shapefile and CSV file of the locations of images collected during USGS field activity 2018-049-FA. Seventy sites were occupied within the study area. Each deployment of the sampler is generally considered a unique site. A downward-looking GoPro HERO4 Black camera was set to capture bottom photos every 2 seconds. Significant seabed turbidity at many of the sites resulted in no usable photographs, videos for these files are available and may provide momentary glimpses of the sea floor. A total of 172 images for all 70 stations are included in this dataset.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Bottom imagery was acquired with a GoPro HERO4 Black camera. Gaps in sequential photo numbers exist. Photos taken in the water column, on deck, or without a clear view of the sea floor were deleted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Sea floor imagery and photo locations collected off southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey during USGS Field Activity 2018-049-FA, using a GoPro camera on the USGS SEABOSS: includes a shapefile of the bottom imagery locations (2018-049-FA_photos.shp); a CSV file of the bottom imagery locations (2018-049-FA_photos.csv); 172 bottom images from a GoPro HERO4 Black camera (2018-049-FA_photos_JPG.zip); a browse graphic of bottom imagery locations (2018-049-FA_photos_browse.jpg); and a Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata file (2018-049-FA_photos_meta.xml).
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This dataset contains data available as a point shapefile, a CSV file, and JPEG image files. The user must have software capable of reading shapefile format to use the point shapefile. The CSV file can be read with a text editor. An image viewer can be used to see the JPEG images.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
Seth Ackerman
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole, MA
USA

508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9C3J33K/2018-049-FA_photos_meta.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Jun 26 15:25:05 2024