Discharge measurements at Thompsons Beach, New Jersey, collected October 2018 and September 2022

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Discharge measurements at Thompsons Beach, New Jersey, collected October 2018 and September 2022
Abstract:
In 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeastern US causing devastation among coastal ecosystems. Post-hurricane marsh restoration efforts have included sediment deposition, planting of vegetation, and restoring tidal hydrology. The work presented here is part of a larger project funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) to monitor the post-restoration ecological resilience of coastal ecosystems in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. The U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center made in-situ observations during 2018-2019 and 2022-2023 at two sites: Thompsons Beach, NJ and Stone Harbor, NJ. Marsh creek hydrodynamics and water quality including currents, waves, water levels, water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, organic matter, chlorophyll-a, and suspended-sediment concentration and organic content were measured at both sites. Additionally, marsh accretion and erosion were evaluated and used to interpret sediment budgets. These ecological data will be coupled with topographic lidar and imagery to explain the processes responsible for coastline evolution, and to evaluate restoration techniques and assess whether storm vulnerability has decreased relative to unaltered environments.
Supplemental_Information:
More information about the field activities during which these data were collected is available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-048-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-56-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-059-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-006-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-016-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-023-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-028-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-036-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-013-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2023-015-FA, and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2023-016-FA. Note that this is an all-inclusive list for the greater work citation.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    De, Olivia A. Meo, Bales, Robert D., Suttles, Steven E., Ganju, Neil K., and Marsjanik, Eric D., 20240116, Discharge measurements at Thompsons Beach, New Jersey, collected October 2018 and September 2022: data release DOI:10.5066/P9CS5U6N, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    De, Olivia A. Meo, Bales, Robert D., Suttles, Steve E., Marsjanik, Eric D., and Ganju, Neil K., 2024, Supplementary data in support of oceanographic and water quality times-series measurements made at Thompsons Beach and Stone Harbor, NJ from September 2018 to February 2023: data release DOI:10.5066/P9CS5U6N, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: De Meo, O.A., Bales, R.D., Suttles, S.E., Marsjanik, E.D., and Ganju, N.K., 2024, Supplementary data in support of oceanographic and water quality times-series measurements made at Thompsons Beach and Stone Harbor, NJ from September 2018 to February 2023: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.98609
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.98205
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.19770
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.19328
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56?name=ADCP_browse.jpg (JPEG)
    ADCP transect using a motorized boat.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 09-Oct-2018
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: binary and text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      This local coordinate system was used: Earth coordinates (East, North, Up)
      Horizontal position is determined via bottom track velocity using at least three beams to compute u, v, and w velocities in orthogonal coordinates (x, y, and z). The data are corrected for pitch and roll, and rotated to Earth coordinates (East, North, Up) relative to true North using the magnetic compass readings and local magnetic variation.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    This dataset consists of discharge measurements collected using a Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande ADCP. All data were collected with Teledyne RD Instruments WinRiver II version 2.18 (Teledyne RD Instruments, 2020) and processed with QRev version 4.34 (Mueller, 2016). Due to the complexity of an ADCP data file and the various algorithms applied to compute the streamflow from ADCP data, these data are most useful in either 1) their original raw data format which can be opened and processed in either WinRiver II or QRev or 2) their processed format which can be opened and processed by QRev or opened by Matlab or any software that can read Matlab formatted files. Both WinRiver II and QRev are distributed free.
    The data are located in the NFWF_ADCP.zip file and divided into folders based on location and acquisition time, and further divided by software association.
    The top-level folders are ThompsonsBeach_10_09_2018, ThompsonsBeach_10_10_2018, and ThompsonsBeach_09_27_2022.
    Each of these folders contains two subfolders: QRev_Files and WinRiverII_Files.
    The QRev files consist of:
    1. .mat files: saved data processed by QRev. These files can be opened and processed by QRev or loaded into Matlab or software that can read Matlab formatted files. The variable definitions and units are documented in Mueller (2016).
    2. .xml: summaries of the data processed by QRev. The variable definitions are documented in Mueller (2016). The primary variables used in the index-velocity computation are the total discharge, located in Channel:Transect:Discharge:Total, and the channel cross-sectional area, located in Channel:Transect:Other:Area.
    The WinRiver II files consist of:
    1. .mmt file: XML configuration file used by WinRiver II for setup, specific measurement data entry, and filenames of the raw transect data files (pd0)
    2. .pd0 files: raw binary data collected by WinRiver II.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    USGS Field Activities 2018-048-FA, 2018-056-FA, 2018-059-FA, 2019-006-FA, 2019-016-FA, 2019-023-FA, 2019-028-FA, 2019-036-FA, 2022-013-FA, 2023-015-FA, and 2023-016-FA.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Olivia A. De Meo
    • Robert D. Bales
    • Steven E. Suttles
    • Neil K. Ganju
    • Eric D. Marsjanik
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Olivia A. De Meo
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Technical Information Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2356 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    odemeo@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Discharge was measured over 7 hours of a semidiurnal tidal cycle at Thompsons Beach, NJ in 2018 and 2022 with a Teledyne RDI Rio Grande 1200-kilohertz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Measurements were made during maximum flood and ebb tidal currents, which occur on either side of high tide, to capture maximum positive and negative discharge. Downward-looking ADCP transect data will be used to create an index-velocity model between flow velocity at a single location in the channel and the average channel velocity. The model will be used to estimate a time series of total channel discharge from long-term deployments of velocity sensors.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Sep-2022 (process 1 of 2)
    Discharge data were collected using a Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande 1200 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in a tidal channel at Thompsons Beach, NJ.
    Data were collected on October 9 and 10, 2018 and September 27, 2022. Stakes were driven into the East and West banks of the channel to mark the transect edges. In 2018, the ADCP was mounted in a trimaran boat that was pulled across the creek by hand using a line that was strung across the creek. In 2022, the ADCP was mounted on a remote-controlled boat and the boat was driven repeatedly across the channel between the stakes, collecting data during each transect crossing over 7 hours of a semidiurnal tidal cycle.
    In 2018, the stakes were located at 39.19564 N, 74.98369 W on the East bank, and 39.19538 N, 74.98442 W on the West bank. In 2022, the stakes were located at 39.19549 N, 74.98366 W on the East bank, and 39.19536 N, 74.98434 W on the West bank. The coordinates are in the North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011).
    Measurements were made during maximum flood and ebb tidal currents, which occur on either side of high tide, to capture maximum positive and negative discharge. ADCP data were recorded and initially reviewed using WinRiver II version 2.18. WinRiver II is available at https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/WinRiverII.shtml. The raw data were recorded in .mmt and .pd0 files, which are the native file formats of WinRiver II. Person who carried out this activity:
    Steve Suttles
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Mechanical Engineer
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    (508) 548-8700 x2228 (voice)
    ssuttles@usgs.gov
    Date: Jun-2023 (process 2 of 2)
    Data were post-processed using QRev 4.34, a program developed by the USGS Office of Surface Water to compute moving-boat ADCP discharge. QRev automates data-quality checks, data filtering, extrapolation methods, and invalid-data-handling steps, and provides estimates of uncertainty to help guide the user. QRev is available at https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/QRev.shtml. Processing in QRev adhered to the defaults with additional steps as outlined below.
    An independent temperature reading collected with a YSI EXO2 multiparameter sonde was entered to provide a check for the ADCP measured temperature in accordance with USGS policies.
    Salinity was applied based on field measurements of water-column salinity using a YSI EXO2 multiparameter sonde. Using a field-measured salinity improves the estimate of speed of sound in water, which is used in computing discharge.
    The magnetic variation was calculated using NOAA's Magnetic Field Calculator (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/calculators/magcalc.shtml) and entered for each file.
    For data collected October 9, 2018, a bad transect (#000), which included data from two channel crossings, was removed (unchecked) from the final dataset.
    For data collected October 10, 2018, bad transects (#014, #021, #023, #036) were removed (unchecked) from the final dataset. These were removed because they contained data either for more than a full transect or had other operational errors. For Transects #015-035, the left and right banks were entered incorrectly in the field, so the left and right banks were switched during data processing.
    For data collected September 27, 2022, bad transects (#002, #010, #048) were removed (unchecked) from the final dataset because they contained data for more than a full transect or had other operational errors. The starting edge distance was changed to 0.0 for transect #017 as it was entered incorrectly in the field. Additionally, the left bank was changed to the right bank and the right bank was switched to the left bank in order to match the designated left and right banks in 2018 so the direction of the discharge would be the same in 2018 and 2022 (ebb-positive convention).
    The data were exported from QRev as a .mat file using bottom-track (BT) navigation reference. Person who carried out this activity:
    Olivia De Meo
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Technical Information Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    (508) 548-8700 x2356 (voice)
    odemeo@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Bales, Robert D., Suttles, Steven E., De, Olivia A. Meo, Ganju, Neil K., and Marsjanik, Eric D., 2024, Time-series measurements of oceanographic and water quality data collected at Thompsons Beach and Stone Harbor, New Jersey, USA, September 2018 to September 2019 and March 2022 to May 2023: data release DOI:10.5066/P9Z0Z8DM, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Mueller, David S., 2016, QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8: Open-File Report 2016-1068, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Ruhl, Catherine A., and Simpson, Michael R., 2005, Computation of Discharge Using the Index-Velocity Method in Tidally Affected Areas: Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5004, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Teledyne RD Instruments, Inc., 2020, WinRiver II Software User's Guide: Teledyne RD Instruments, Inc., San Diego, CA.

    Other_Citation_Details: P/N 957-6231-00

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande 1200 kHz ADCP has a temperature range of -5 to 45 degrees Celsius with accuracy +/- 0.4 degrees Celsius, a tilt range of +/-5 degrees with accuracy of +/-0.5 degrees, a compass with accuracy of +/-2 degrees, velocity range of +/-5 m/s with an accuracy of +/-0.25% of the velocity, and 4 beams with ping rate of 2 Hz.
    The QRev software calculates discharge from depth, boat velocity, and water velocity. The ADCP cannot measure near the water's surface due to the immersion of the ADCP in the water. The ADCP also cannot measure all the way to the streambed because of sidelobe interference. The discharge in the missing data regions at the top and bottom of the water column and the edges of the channel must be estimated. The discharge estimates for these unmeasured portions are based on extrapolation methods. The QRev software automatically selects the best extrapolation method. The computed discharge is a summation of the measured portion of the transect, and the extrapolated estimates for the top, bottom, and edges. While a generally accepted method for estimating discharge uncertainty does not exist, the QRev software provides some simple estimates of the likely error sources.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Explicit latitude and longitude values are not provided in the transect dataset. Horizontal position is determined via bottom track velocity using at least three beams to compute u, v, and w velocities in orthogonal coordinates (x, y, and z). The data are corrected for pitch and roll, and rotated according to the magnetic compass resulting in Earth coordinates (east, north, up). An error velocity is calculated from the fourth beam as the difference in vertical velocity and is used to screen for invalid data. Sources of error include sudden acceleration/deceleration or turns of the moving boat. A compass calibration, water temperature validation, and stationary moving bed test were performed to minimize error. Additionally, salinity was entered to more accurately estimate the speed of sound in water. Bottom tracking has a typical single-ping accuracy of a few mm/s.
    In 2018, the latitude and longitude of the transect edges were measured with an SP80 RTK system with a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 2 cm on any single point. However, repeat occupations of the same spot suggest slightly higher uncertainties up to 5-10 cm including user error.
    In 2022, the latitude and longitude of the transect edges were measured with a Garmin GPSMAP 78sc handheld GPS. The expected absolute, horizontal accuracy is stated to be 3 to 5 m at the 95% confidence level using the WAAS setting. The Garmin GPS collects data in the WGS84 datum; however, it is reported in the NAD83 datum as the difference in the values of the latitude and longitude is within the error of the sensor.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande 1200 kHz ADCP was set to Water Mode 11 and Bottom Mode 5. Depth was computed from the transducer depth as a 4-beam average using the inverse depth-weighted method. The transducer distance to surface was entered in the software. Spikes in the data were filtered out using a robust LOESS smooth filter. Depth calculations were not corrected for pitch and roll. A preliminary assessment by Teledyne indicated an approximately 0.4% change in average depth for a mean pitch and roll of 5 degrees. Explicit depth values are not provided in the dataset, but depths are viewable in the transect figures displayed in QRev.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Each good transect is designated in QRev with a checkmark. Bad transects can be unchecked to remove them from display in QRev. Eight transects were removed (unchecked) during processing because they contained data for more than a full transect or had other operational errors.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data were processed with QRev 4.34, which uses a color-coded error message scheme in its graphical user interface to indicate potential areas of concern. Error messages such as temperature range greater than 2 degrees, excessive boat movement at edges, zero edge discharge, and sign of total discharge not consistent are to be expected since measurements were made in a tidal channel over 7 hours of a semidiurnal tidal cycle. QRev flagged some higher than normal invalid ensembles and bottom track (BT) error velocities, but total discharge values are deemed valid.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? This dataset is in the form of a zip file, NFWF_ADCP.zip, which contains folders and files as described in the Entity and Attribute Overview.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    WinRiver II is required to view .pd0 and .mmt files. QRev can view .mmt and .mat files. Both softwares are distributed free and are available from https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/WinRiverII.shtml and https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/QRev.shtml, respectively. The .mat files can be viewed in QRev, Matlab, or other software capable of reading Matlab-formatted files such as Python.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-Jan-2024
Metadata author:
Olivia A. De Meo
U.S. Geological Survey
Technical Information Specialist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
US

508-548-8700 x2356 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9CS5U6N/NFWF_ADCP_Metadata.faq.html>
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