Long and short-term shoreline change rate transects for the western North Carolina coastal region (NCwest), calculated with and without the proxy-datum bias using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Marie K. Bartlett
Publication_Date: 20231023
Title:

Long and short-term shoreline change rate transects for the western North Carolina coastal region (NCwest), calculated with and without the proxy-datum bias using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9HYNUNV

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher:

U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HYNUNV
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Marie K. Bartlett
Originator: Amy S. Farris
Originator: Kathryn M. Weber
Originator: Rachel E. Henderson
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:

USGS National Shoreline Change — 2017 lidar-derived mean high water shoreline and associated shoreline change data for coastal North Carolina

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9HYNUNV

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Bartlett, M.K., Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., and Henderson, R.E., 2023, USGS National Shoreline Change — 2017 lidar-derived mean high water shoreline and associated shoreline change data for coastal North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/P9HYNUNV.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HYNUNV
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64de3810d34e5f6cd5533c78

Description:

Abstract:

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled national shoreline data for more than 20 years to document coastal change and serve the needs of research, management, and the public. Maintaining a record of historical shoreline positions is an effective method to monitor national shoreline evolution over time, enabling scientists to identify areas most susceptible to erosion or accretion. These data can help coastal managers and planners understand which areas of the coast are vulnerable to change.
This data release includes one new mean high water (MHW) shoreline extracted from lidar data collected in 2017 for the entire coastal region of North Carolina which is divided into four subregions: northern North Carolina (NCnorth), central North Carolina (NCcentral), southern North Carolina (NCsouth), and western North Carolina (NCwest). Previously published historical shorelines for North Carolina (Kratzmann and others, 2017) were combined with the new lidar shoreline to calculate long-term (up to 169 years) and short-term (up to 20 years) rates of change. Files associated with the long-term and short-term rates are appended with "LT" and "ST", respectively. A proxy-datum bias reference line that accounts for the positional difference in a proxy shoreline (e.g. High Water Line (HWL) shoreline) and a datum shoreline (e.g. MHW shoreline) is also included in this release.

Purpose:

This dataset describes the long-term (up to 169 years) and short-term (up to 20 years) shoreline change rates for the North Carolina coastal region, used to maintain a national database of shoreline change.

Supplemental_Information:

Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Long-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate based on available shoreline data. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated with a linear regression rate using only datum-based MHW shoreline data, or an end point rate when less than 3 MHW shorelines were available. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate rates. This dataset consists of shoreline change rates calculated with DSAS version 5.1 and stored as a new transect layer. Original measurement transects are cast by DSAS from the baseline to intersect shoreline vectors, and the intersect data provide location and time information used to calculate rates of change.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1848
Ending_Date: 2017

Currentness_Reference: ground condition at the time of shoreline source data

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.544289
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.013996
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.922937
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.839336

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Baseline
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change
Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Theme_Keyword: DSAS
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: accretion
Theme_Keyword: erosion
Theme_Keyword: long-term change rates
Theme_Keyword: short-term change rates

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: coastal processes
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme_Keyword: erosion
Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Southeast Atlantic

Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:

These data were generated for use within the DSAS v5.1 software. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. These data should not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended. The United States Geological Survey does not guarantee its validity. Assumptions, analyses, opinions, and actual outcomes may vary. The user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes. These data should not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended. The United States Geological Survey does not guarantee its validity. Assumptions, analyses, opinions, and actual outcomes may vary. The user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-8700 x2306
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb?name=NCwest_rates_browse.PNG

Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of dataset
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1
Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: Amy S. Farris
Originator: Rachel E. Henderson
Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann
Originator: Ayhan Ergul
Originator: Ouya Zhang
Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi
Originator: E. Robert Thieler
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:

Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey Software

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: software release
Issue_Identification: version 5.1

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Use the first two links to access the software. The third link directs to the DSAS project page. Current version of software at time of use was 5.1.

Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0
Online_Linkage: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: Rachel E. Henderson
Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann
Originator: Amy S. Farris
Publication_Date: 20211019
Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2021-1091

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Refer to the DSAS user guide for more information about attribute requirements, accuracy reports, and feature creation.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091
Online_Linkage: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: Meredith G. Kraztmann
Originator: E. Robert Thieler
Publication_Date: 20170718
Title:

National assessment of shoreline change—Summary statistics for updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast Atlantic coasts

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2017-1015

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171015
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171015

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Peter Ruggiero
Originator: Jeffrey H. List
Publication_Date: 200909
Title:

Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research
Issue_Identification: vol. 255

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Charlotte, NC
Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation

Other_Citation_Details: ppg. 1069-1081
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1051.1

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software while creating the transect layer or during the calculation of shoreline change rates.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

These data were automatically generated by the DSAS v5.1 software and were visually inspected prior to rate calculations. Sometimes the intersection where transects cross the shoreline was manually edited in ArcMap (v10.7.1) to create a better orthogonal transect with respect to the general trend of the coastline. It is possible that a centimeter-scale offset may occur when projecting from outside of the spatial reference system used for analysis (UTM Zone 18N WGS84 or UTM Zone 17N WGS84). This is an artifact of the projection process; rate data are unaffected.

Completeness_Report:

This dataset contains the transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate shoreline change rates for the region. Transects that did not intersect the minimum requirement of three shorelines, one of which must be a modern lidar shoreline, were omitted from this final dataset. Shoreline change rates data are provided where there are available shorelines to compute change metrics. Though the full database of shorelines was utilized for long-term rate analysis (1848-2017), gaps in shorelines or lack of lidar data in certain areas may mean that not all transects will incorporate every shoreline date in the rate calculations.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The uncertainty of the linear regression rate is estimated by the elements LR2, LSE and LCI90. See the attribute definition of each for more information.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann
Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: E. Robert Thieler
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

National assessment of shoreline change – A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Southeast Atlantic Coast

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F74X55X7

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55X7
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58055f50e4b0824b2d1c1ee7

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1848
Ending_Date: 2010

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at the time of shoreline survey

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_historical_shorelines
Source_Contribution:

These shorelines were combined with new lidar shoreline for 2017 and used within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1 to produce long-term shoreline change rates.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 1: Historical shoreline data covering the coast of North Carolina (Kratzmann and others, 2017) were compiled and merged into a single feature class (NCwest_historical_shorelines) within a personal geodatabase in ArcMap v10.7.1. Historical shoreline data covers date range 1848-2010 and includes three lidar-derived shorelines (1997,2009,2010). The shoreline database is split into four regions: NCnorth, NCcentral, NCsouth, and NCwest, to account for changes in UTM zone and the complicated morphology of the coast. The data were projected using ArcToolbox v10.7.1 (Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project). Output projection for NCnorth, NCcentral, NCsouth = UTM zone 18N (WGS 84). Output projection for NCwest = UTM zone 17N (WGS 84); transformation = none. See associated source metadata (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58b89084e4b01ccd5500c2ac) for complete process steps for historical shoreline delineation. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Marie K. Bartlett.

Process_Date: 2022
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2306
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 2: The datum-based, MHW shoreline (see larger work citation, NCwest_shoreline_2017) and historical shorelines compiled for long-term (LT) analysis (NCwest_historical_shorelines) were confirmed to have the same attribute fields required for use in DSAS before they were merged into a single feature class using Esri's ArcToolbox > Data Management > General > Merge, output filename= NCwest_shorelines. All shorelines have an uncertainty value listed in the attribute table that provides the horizontal uncertainty associated with the shoreline, regardless of the method used. Uncertainty for historical shorelines (1848-2010) is found in Kratzmann and others (2017).

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_historical_shorelines
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shoreline_2017
Process_Date: 2022
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 3: Transect features for LT analysis were generated in a personal geodatabase using DSAS v5.1. DSAS parameters used: baseline layer= NCwest_baseline, baseline group field=NULL, shoreline layer= NCwest_shorelines, transect spacing=50 meters, default search distance=1000 meters, land direction=right, shoreline intersection=seaward. File produced = NCwest_trans_LT. Some transects were manually edited for length, moved, or deleted using the editor toolbar in ArcMap. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at:https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_baseline
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines
Process_Date: 2023
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_LT

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 4: LT rate calculations were performed producing rates with and without the proxy-datum bias correction. DSAS parameters used: shoreline layer = NCwest_shorelines, shoreline date field = Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name = Uncy, default accuracy = 5.1 meters, shoreline intersection = seaward, stats calculations = [LRR], shoreline threshold = 3, confidence interval=90%. Files produced = NCwest_rates_LT, NCwest_intersects_LT. The historical shoreline database contains both MHW and HWL shorelines thus a proxy-datum bias (PDB), stored as a line feature class is appended to the reference baseline. The PDB is applied during rate calculation. For more information about the origin of the PDB see Ruggiero and List (2009), which is cross-referenced in this metadata file. Rate statistics are presented with and without the PDB correction applied, denoted in the long-term rates attribute table with a prefix of “NB_” or “No bias”. The bias uncertainty values are stored within the bias feature attribute table (see larger work citation, NCwest_bias_feature).

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_LT
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_bias_feature
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines
Process_Date: 2023
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_rates_LT

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 5: MHW shorelines (1997-2017) were exported from NCwest_shorelines and renamed NCwest_shorelines_ST for use in short-term (ST) shoreline change rate calculations.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines
Process_Date: 2023
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines_ST

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 6: Repeat Step 3 using NCwest_shorelines_ST to generate ST transect features.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_baseline
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines
Process_Date: 2023
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_ST

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 7: ST rate calculations were performed without a proxy-datum bias correction which was unnecessary, since only datum-based MHW shorelines (1997-2017) were used. DSAS parameters used: shoreline layer = NCwest_shorelines_ST, shoreline date field = Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name = Uncy, default accuracy = 5.1 meters, shoreline intersection = seaward, stats calculations = [LRR], shoreline threshold = 2, confidence interval=90%. Files produced = NCwest_rates_ST, NCwest_intersects_ST.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_ST
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_bias_feature
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines_ST
Process_Date: 2023
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_rates_ST

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 8: The long and short-term rate transects were exported to shapefiles in ArcMap v10.7.1 by right-clicking the transect layer > data > export data. Coordinate system: UTM Zone 17N (WGS84)

Process_Date: 2023

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 17
Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: NCwest_rates_LT
Entity_Type_Definition:

Rates of long-term shoreline change are calculated by DSAS and stored in the transect file, using the distance measurements between shorelines and baseline at each DSAS transect. These attributes are for long-term shoreline change rates with and without the proxy-datum bias correction applied. The shapefiles will have LT for long-term in filename. Rate calculations without the proxy-datum bias correction applied will have "NB_" In the attribute field title. Vector Object Count: 985

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature geometry. Rates are polyline shapefiles.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BaselineID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identification number of the baseline segment. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 14

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: GroupID
Attribute_Definition:

Field used to aggregate transects on the basis of physical variations alongshore (for example, tidal inlets, change in coastal type, or hard stabilization features). This value was assigned by the user as an attribute to a baseline segment and results in a group average being reported in the DSAS summary text file.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 14

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Azimuth
Attribute_Definition:

Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. If a transect position has been adjusted during the editing process, the azimuth value in the attribute table is updated automatically.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08
Range_Domain_Maximum: 359.99
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ShrCount
Attribute_Definition: Number of shorelines used to compute shoreline change metrics.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3
Range_Domain_Maximum: 10

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TCD
Attribute_Definition:

The Total Cumulative Distance (TCD) is the measure in meters along shore from the start of the baseline segment with an ID=1, and measured sequentially alongshore to the end of the final baseline segment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 650
Range_Domain_Maximum: 50895
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng
Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 17N, WGS 84)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 38.756
Range_Domain_Maximum: 496.009
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LRR
Attribute_Definition:

A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. Any shoreline points that are referenced to HWL were adjusted by the proxy-datum bias distance (meters) along the transect to correct for the offset between proxy-based HWL and datum-based MHW shorelines. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.32
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.79
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NB_LRR
Attribute_Definition:

The LRR without the bias correction applied. Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) direction from baseline origin. Reported in meters per year.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.17
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.01
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LR2
Attribute_Definition:

The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0).

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.94

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NB_LR2
Attribute_Definition: The LR2 without the bias correction applied.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.94

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LSE
Attribute_Definition:

This quantity is the standard error of the regression, also known as the standard error of the estimate. To calculate it, the distance between each data point and the regression line is calculated. These distances are squared then summed. The sum is divided by the number of data point minus two. The square root is taken of the result. These are positive decimal values in meters.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.98
Range_Domain_Maximum: 184.9
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NB_LSE
Attribute_Definition:

The standard error of the regression (LSE) without the bias correction applied.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.41
Range_Domain_Maximum: 180.34
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LCI90
Attribute_Definition:

The 90 percent confidence interval (LCI90) is calculated by multiplying the standard error of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 and LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. These are positive decimal values in meters.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.85
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NB_LCI90
Attribute_Definition:

The LCI90 without the bias correction applied. These are positive decimal values in meters.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.07
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.78
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TransOrder
Attribute_Definition:

Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Allows user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 10
Range_Domain_Maximum: 999

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: NCwest_rates_ST
Entity_Type_Definition:

Rates of short-term shoreline change are calculated by DSAS and stored in the transect file, using the distance measurements between shorelines and baseline at each DSAS transect. These attributes are for short-term shoreline change rates without the proxy-datum bias correction applied. The shapefiles will have ST for short-term in filename. Vector Object Count: 981

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature geometry. Rates are polyline shapefiles.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BaselineID
Attribute_Definition:

Unique identification number of the baseline segment. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 14

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: GroupID
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 12
Range_Domain_Maximum: 14

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Azimuth
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08
Range_Domain_Maximum: 359.99
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ShrCount
Attribute_Definition: Number of shorelines used to compute shoreline change metrics.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TCD
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 700
Range_Domain_Maximum: 50995
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng
Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 17N, WGS 84)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.813
Range_Domain_Maximum: 374.623
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EPR
Attribute_Definition:

The end point rate (EPR) is calculated by determining the distance between the oldest and youngest shoreline on a DSAS transect and dividing by the time elapsed between the two shoreline dates.Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) shoreline movement. Reported in meters per year.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.52
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.21
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EPRunc
Attribute_Definition:

An estimate of end point rate uncertainty. The shoreline uncertainties for the two positions used in the end point calculation are each squared, then added together (summation of squares). The square root of the summation of squares is divided by the number of years between the two shorelines.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.31
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.45
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LRR
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -7.14
Range_Domain_Maximum: 410.08
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LR2
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LSE
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 125.7
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LCI90
Attribute_Definition:

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.04
Range_Domain_Maximum: 55.91
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TransOrder
Attribute_Definition:

Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Allows user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 987

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with long-term and short-term shoreline change rates. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. All calculations for length are in meter units and were based on the UTM zone 18N WGS 84 projection (NCnorth, NCcentral, NCsouth) or UTM zone 17N WGS84 projection (NCwest).

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: USGS ScienceBase

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

The dataset contains the polyline shapefile of North Carolina long-term rates of change (NCwest_rates_LT.shp, NCwest_rates_ST.shp and other shapefile components), browse graphic (NCwest_rates_browse.PNG, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.

Distribution_Liability:

Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: Shapefile
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.7.1
Format_Specification: Esri Polyline Shapefile
Format_Information_Content:

These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile. Additional files of the same name included are FGDC CSDGM-compliant metadata in XML format.

Transfer_Size: 1.5

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HYNUNV
Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb

Access_Instructions:

The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page.

Fees: None.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20231023
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:

The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS.

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9HYNUNV/NCwest_rates.html>