MA Bias_Feature – Feature class containing Massachusetts proxy-datum bias information to be used in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System.

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
MA Bias_Feature – Feature class containing Massachusetts proxy-datum bias information to be used in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System.
Abstract:
The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is a freely available software application that works within the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) software. DSAS computes rate-of-change statistics for a time series of shoreline vector data. Additionally, the DSAS application is useful for computing rates of change for any boundary-change problem that incorporates a clearly-identified feature position at discrete times, such as glacier limits, river banks, or land use/cover boundaries.
The "bias feature" is a shapefile representation the proxy-datum bias (PDB) data previously published in tabular format (Himmelstoss and others 2010, Himmelstoss and others 2018). These PDB data are used to shift older proxy-based shorelines so that they can be directly compared to newer datum-based shorelines and accurate rates can be calculated.
Supplemental_Information:
Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 20210831, MA Bias_Feature – Feature class containing Massachusetts proxy-datum bias information to be used in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System.: Data release doi:10.5066/P9YGIYFX, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Bartlett, Marie K., Henderson, Rachel E., Farris, Amy S., and Himmelstoss, Emily A., 2021, Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project, 2021 Update: A GIS Compilation of Shoreline Change Rates Calculated Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System Version 5.1, With Supplementary Intersects and Baselines for Massachusetts: Data release doi:10.5066/P9YGIYFX, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Bartlett, M.K., Henderson, R. E., Farris, A.S., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2021, Massachusetts shoreline change project, 2021 update–A GIS compilation of shoreline change rates calculated using Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1, with supplementary intersects and baselines for Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YGIYFX
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.1230303589126
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.9292234622035
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.892104789014
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.2382403405964
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6113ebebd34ed11898f82934?name=MA_Bias_Feature_browse.PNG (PNG)
    Map view of dataset.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 2021
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (675)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197393776. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0264608689. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal seconds. The horizontal datum used is WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    MA_Bias_Feature.shp
    Proxy-Datum Bias and Uncertainty values (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: Esri) Coordinates defining the features.
    OBJECTID
    Internal feature number. (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    bias
    This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a proxy-datum bias value describing the unidirectional horizontal offset (in meters) between the MHW elevation of the lidar data and HWL shoreline positions. Values of 0.001 represent areas where there is no bias applied.
    For details on the components that make up the proxy-datum bias, refer to the Methods section of USGS Open-File report 2010-1118 cross-referenced in the metadata. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.001
    Maximum:12.645783
    Units:meters
    bias_uncy
    The field contains the plus/minus horizontal uncertainty (meters) in the lidar shoreline position at each cross-shore beach profile. Values of 0.001 represent areas where there is no bias applied.
    For details on the components that make up this uncertainty, refer to the Methods section of USGS Open-File report 2010-1118 cross-referenced in the metadata. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.001
    Maximum:8.181664
    Units:meters

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-547-2310 (FAX)
    rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This feature records the proxy-datum bias (PDB) and the uncertainty in the PDB. These data are provided for users of the ArcGIS DSAS extension and should only be used to determine the corrected change rate when both datum based (e.g. MHW) and proxy-based (e.g. HWL) shorelines occur. These data should not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended. The United States Geological Survey does not guarantee its validity. Assumptions, analyses, opinions, and actual outcomes may vary. The user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 01-Feb-2020 (process 1 of 5)
    The profile method of shoreline extraction (Stockdon and others 2002), extracts an elevation based shoreline from point cloud lidar data using a Matlab-based approach (Matlab version 2015b). Using a coast-following reference line with 20 m spaced profiles, lidar data is analyzed within a two meter swath around each profile. This method is used to extract MHW shoreline, slope and uncertainty information. The slope data for each profile was saved. The slope at each profile was averaged over time using data from the years 2000, 2011, 2014 and 2018.
    Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2009, Improving accuracy and statistical reliability of shoreline position and change rate estimates: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1069-1081. [Also available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/27752753]
    Stockdon, H.F., Sallenger, A.H., List, J.H., and Holman, R.A., 2002, Estimation of shoreline position and change using airborne topographic lidar data:  Journal of Coastal Research, v.18, no. 3, p. 502-513. [Also available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299097]
    2000 NASA/NOAA/USGS Summer ATM Lidar: East Coast (SC, NC) Point Cloud files with Orthometric Vertical Datum North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) using GEOID18, https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid18/data/10/
    2011 USGS Lidar: Northeast (NY to ME) Point Cloud files with Orthometric Vertical Datum North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) using GEOID18, https://chs.coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar2_z/geoid18/data/2524/
    2013-2014 USGS Lidar: Post-Sandy (MA, NH, RI) Point Cloud files with Orthometric Vertical Datum North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) using GEOID18, https://chs.coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid18/data/4914/
    2018 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar: East Coast (CT, MA, ME, NC, NH, RI, SC) Point Cloud files with Orthometric Vertical Datum North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) using GEOID18, https://chs.coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar4_z/geoid18/data/8688/ Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Amy S. Farris
    Oceanographer
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2344 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    afarris@usgs.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • avg slope data
    Date: 01-Feb-2021 (process 2 of 5)
    There is a known horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines on open-ocean sandy beaches that nearly always acts in one direction (Ruggiero and List, 2009). This bias is called the proxy-datum bias (PDB). The PDB is primarily due to wave run-up and thus is affected by the slope of the foreshore and the movement of water (waves, tides) onto the foreshore, see equation for the PDB and the PDB uncertainty in Ruggiero and List, 2009. These equations require beach slope and wave data. Ideally data collected at the time the proxy-based shoreline was collected would be used, however, for our purposes the PDB is estimated by averaging all available slope data (from step 1) and averaging at least 10 years of historical wave data from a nearby buoy ( https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/) and the U.S. Wave Information Study (WIS - https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00071) The PDB is stored to a point shapefile at the intersection of the each profile with the coast-following reference line.
    National Data Buoy Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
    U.S. Wave Information Study, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00071
    NOTE: Many of the sheltered areas within the Massachusetts study area do not have nearby buoy data and a proxy-datum bias value cannot be calculated in these areas. Therefore, when this new datum-based MHW shoreline is compared to historic proxy-based HWL shorelines in these sheltered areas, there may be some artificial landward offset of the historic data that has not been quantified and could potentially influence the rates. However, because the PDB is primarily an estimate of wave run-up, and since sheltered areas have lower run-up, smaller values for the PDB are expected in sheltered areas. In addition, the equation for the PDB uses a wave run-up equation that has only been verified on sandy coasts. For that reason we do not apply the PDB to rocky headlands. Preliminary analysis suggests that the PDB is small on rocky headlands, however more work needs to be done to determine the correct value for PDB on rocky headlands and other non-sandy beaches. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Amy S. Farris
    Oceanographer
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2344 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    afarris@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • avg slope data
    • buoy data
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • bias point data
    Date: 01-Mar-2021 (process 3 of 5)
    Bias points are extrapolated to a polyline feature, in this case acopy of the baseline file. The final bias feature file holds the bias, and the bias uncertainty. These components are used by DSAS v5.1 to apply the proxy-datum bias correction to shoreline change calculations. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-548-8700 (FAX)
    rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • bias point data
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Bias_Feature
    Date: 01-Mar-2021 (process 4 of 5)
    The bias_feature was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v10.7.1 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import > Feature class (single). The feature class is used with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v5.1 software to apply the proxy-datum bias to rate calculations. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-548-8700 (FAX)
    rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Mar-2021 (process 5 of 5)
    The bias_feature shapefiles weas projected in Esri's ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. Input projection - WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_19N; output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = none. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-548-8700 (FAX)
    rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Bias_Feature
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • MA_Bias_Feature
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Ruggiero, Peter, and List, Jeffrey H., 200909, Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates: Journal of Coastal Research vol. 255, Coastal Education and Research Foundation, n/a.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: ppg. 1069-1081
    Himmelstoss, Emily A., Kratzmann, Meredith G., Hapke, Cheryl J., Thieler, E. Robert, and List, Jeffrey, 20110119, The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts: Open-File Report 2010-1119, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Hapke, Cheryl J., Himmelstoss, Emily A., Kratzmann, Meredith G., List, Jeffrey, and Thieler, E. Robert, 20100101, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts: Open-File Report 2010-1118, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    Ergul, A., Zhang, O., Farris, A.S., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Himmelstoss, E.A., Thieler, E.R., and Zichichi, J.L., 20181219, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1 - An Esri addin file for calculating shoreline change in ArcMap (versions 10.4-10.7): Software Version 5.1, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Current version of software at time of use was 5.1
    Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., and Farris, A., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 5 User Guide: Open File Report 2018-1179, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M, Farris, A., 2018, DSAS version 5.0 user guide. U.S. Geological Survey report 2018-1179, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179
    Himmelstoss, Emily A., Farris, Amy S., and Weber, Kathryn M., 20181126, Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines for the 2018 update: U.S. Geological Survey, https://www.sciencebase.gov.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The attributes in this feature class record positional and measurement uncertainties and datum offsets calculated from averaged slope data (2000-2018) and local wave data. The field names are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (Ergul, A. and others, 2018).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The horizontal location of the bias feature is coincident with the DSAS baseline. The baseline serves as a reference point for transects cast by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software.  It does not correspond to any real-world feature.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The feature contains bias and uncertainty data where lidar data was available.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Each line segment contains bias data and uncertainty of the bias value where lidar data was available

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were generated for use within the DSAS v5.1 software, with shoreline data that has both mean high water (MHW) and high water line (HWL) data types present. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The dataset contains the polyline shapefile of the proxy-datum bias and its uncertainty, (MA_Bias_Feature.shp and other shapefile components), browse graphic (MA_Bias_Feature_browse.PNG), and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 31-Aug-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Rachel E. Henderson
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
US

508-548-8700 (voice)
508-547-2310 (FAX)
rehenderson@contractor.usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9YGIYFX/MA_Bias_Feature_meta.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:20:12 2021