5-meter acoustic backscatter image collected by Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey, Inc., offshore of Fire Island, NY in 2014, as part of a collaborative U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and U.S. Geological Survey mapping effort (UTM zone 18N, WGS 84, Esri binary grid file format)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
5-meter acoustic backscatter image collected by Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey, Inc., offshore of Fire Island, NY in 2014, as part of a collaborative U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and U.S. Geological Survey mapping effort (UTM zone 18N, WGS 84, Esri binary grid file format)
Abstract:
Hurricane Sandy, the largest storm of historical record in the Atlantic basin, severely impacted southern Long Island, New York in October 2012. In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), conducted a high-resolution multibeam echosounder survey with Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey, Inc., offshore of Fire Island and western Long Island, New York to document the post-storm conditions of the inner continental shelf. The objectives of the survey were to determine the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the inner continental shelf morphology and modern sediment distribution, and provide additional geospatial data for sediment transport studies and coastal change model development. For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-072-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, 5-meter acoustic backscatter image collected by Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey, Inc., offshore of Fire Island, NY in 2014, as part of a collaborative U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and U.S. Geological Survey mapping effort (UTM zone 18N, WGS 84, Esri binary grid file format): data release DOI:10.5066/F7C827BX, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Denny, J.F., Danforth, W.W., Couch, S., and Schwab, W.C., 2015, Swath bathymetry collected offshore of Fire Island and western Long Island, New York in 2014, U.S. Geological Field Activity 2014-072-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/F7C827BX, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.335020
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.689728
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.773890
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.528817
  3. What does it look like?
    https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-072-FA/data/backscatter/2014-072-FA_FI_Sonar5m.jpg (JPG)
    Gray-scale image of multibeam echosounder data collected on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 09-Jan-2014
    Ending_Date: 25-Feb-2014
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition during 20150109 - 20150111, 20150114 - 20150117, 20150121, 20150222, 20150128, 20150129, 20150201, 20150202 - 20150208, 20150208 - 20150212, 20150216 - 20150218, 20150223 - 20150225
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 5201 x 10801 x 1, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 18
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 4.999537
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 4.999039
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to a 32-bit data range. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The background color is set to 0-0-0 and can be turned off without removing data values.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jane F. Denny
    U. S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, Massachusetts
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This acoustic backscatter image represents approximately 3900 kilometers of multibeam echosounder data collected in 2014. These data were collected using a dual-head R2Sonic 2024 multibeam echosounder (MBES) by Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey, Inc., during USGS field activity 2014-072-FA. These acoustic backscatter data were used to determine the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the inner continental shelf morphology and sediment distribution.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Raw Multibeam Echosounder Data (source 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, Unpublished Material, Raw Multibeam Echosounder Data.

    Type_of_Source_Media: disc
    Source_Contribution:
    The specific details of the survey operation and system preparation and calibration are listed in: 1714_USGS_SOP.pdf stored in https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-072-FA/data/logs/2014-072-FA_Alpine_logs.zip. A summary of the operation and systems used is given below. The multibeam echosounder (MBES) survey was conducted aboard the R/V Shearwater, a 110 aluminum tri-maran research vessel owned and operated by Alpine Ocean Seismic Surveys, Inc. The R2Sonic 2024 dual-head MBES was mounted in the port side moon pool. The Applanix PosMV 320 MRU was mounted on the top moon pool plate and was used for positioning and attitude. Two GPS antennas were installed on a custom designed support system on the second deck. An AML Minos-X SVP was used to acquire sound velocity profiles during survey operations and a Valeport mini SVS was used to acquire speed of sound measurements at the R2Sonic 2024 transducer face. Survey lines were spaced at 100-m in order to image 100% of the seafloor within the survey areas. The survey areas were focused offshore of Fire Island, and offshore of the Rockaways and Long Beach, to Jones Inlet, NY. (The survey areas were: 1) Rockaways and Long Beach (NYB = NY Block); 2) Fire Island to Watch Hill up to 5 km offshore (FI = Fire Island) , Watch Hill to Moriches Inlet, up to 8 km offshore (OWH = Optional Watch Hill) and Fire Island to Watch Inlet, extended from 5 km to 8 km offshore (OFI = Optional Fire Island). All survey areas were completely mapped during 2014-072-FA).
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2015 (process 1 of 4)
    Dual-head R2Sonic 2024 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) data were acquired using QPS (Quality Positioning Services) QINSy (Quality Integrated Navigation System; version 8.10.2013.10.10.1) hydrographic data acquisition software. The R2Sonic 2024 MBES acoustic backscatter data were processed using QPS FlederMaus Geocoder Tool (FMGT), version 7.4. FMGT is a software program designed to process multibeam acoustic backscatter.
    Processing steps for Alpine Ocean Seismic Surveys Inc., Dual-head R2Sonic 2024 MBES
    1. Create a project and set all import parameters for the R2Sonic 2024 MBES within FMGT. Select Edit->Processing Parameters and select the sonar tab. Click on 'override sonar parameters' and select the R2Sonic 2024 MBES sonar type. Also click on the dual head check box. All other parameters are left to the defaults.
    2. Drop down the Settings file menu and select Project Coordinate System, then set it to UTM zone 18 N.
    3. Drop down the Settings file menu and select Custom, and set the X and Y min and max to survey bounds.
    4. Set the pixel size in the main window Mosaic box to 5 (meters).
    5. Import data recorded by the QINSy hydrographic data acquisition software directly into FMGT. The data for each survey line reside in two files, which are imported as DB/QPD pairs. In QINSy, a database (DB) file is configured and written by the acquisition program and contains all the raw datagrams (bathymetry, attitude, snippets, navigation) selected to be recorded by the R2Sonic 2024 controller. The QPD file contains processed and/or raw bathymetry saved in the QINSy QPD format (the QPS internal file format). Snippet (backscatter) information is extracted from the DB file, and the associated QPD file is used by FMGT for bathymetry information to correct for slope and depth.
    6. Click on the Mosaic button in the main window. This will build the mosaic and store the results in a Fledermaus SD (scientific data) file.
    7. After the mosaic is built, click on the Visual Objects button in the main window. The mosaic is stored under the "mosaic" check box and by default is named mosaic_1. Right click and save the file to a 32-bit GeoTIFF. The GeoTIFF image can be imported to ArcGIS 9.3 with the 'Add Data' tool. Person who carried out this activity:
    William W. Danforth
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2274 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    bdanforth@usgs.gov
    Date: 19-Apr-2017 (process 2 of 4)
    The online links to the data were updated to reflect the new server hosting the data. Additionally, other small edits could be made to the metadata, such as modifying http to https where appropriate. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 3 of 4)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 4 of 4)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Schwab, William C., Baldwin, Wayne E., Hapke, Cheryl J., Lentz, Erika E., Gayes, Paul T., Denny, Jane F., List, Jeffrey H., and Warner, John C., 2013, Geologic Evidence for Onshore Sediment Transport from the Inner Continental Shelf: Fire Island, New York: Journal of Coastal Research Volume 29, Issue 3, pp. 526-544., Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc., Florida, USA.

    Online Links:

    Foster, David S., Swift, Ann B., and Schwab, William C., 1999, Stratigraphic Framework Maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, NY: Open-File Report 99-559, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Schwab, William C., Thieler, E. Robert, Denny, Jane F., Danforth, William W., and Hill, Jenna C., 2000, Seafloor sediment distribution off southern Long Island, New York: Open-File Report 00-243, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Schwab, W.C., Denny, J.F., and Baldwin, W.E., 2014, Maps Showing Bathymetry and Modern Sediment Thickness on the Inner Continental Shelf Offshore of Fire Island, New York, Pre-Hurricane Sandy: Open File Report 2014-1203, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This publication contains the backscatter image generated from data collected during WHCMSC field activity 2011-005-FA.
    Schwab, W.C., Baldwin, W.E., and Denny, J.F., 2014, Maps Showing the Change in Modern Sediment Thickness on the Inner Continental Shelf Offshore of Fire Island, New York, Between 1996-97 and 2011: Open File Report 2014-1238, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Schwab, William C., Baldwin, Wayne E., Denny, Jane F., Hapke, Cheryl J., Gayes, Paul T., List, Jeffrey H., and Warner, John C., 2014, Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York: Marine Geology Volume 355, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands.

    Online Links:

    Goff, J.A., Flood, R.D., Austin, J.A., Schwab, W.C., Christensen, B., Browne, C.M., Denny, J.F., and Baldwin, W.E., 2015, The impact of Hurricane Sandy on the shoreface and inner shelf of Fire Island, New York: Large bedform migration and limited erosion: Continental Shelf Research v. 98, pp. 13-25, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands.

    Online Links:

    Denny, J.F., Schwab, W.C., Baldwin, W.E., Bergeron, E., and Moore, E., 2015, High-resolution geophysical data collected offshore of Fire Island, New York in 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2011-005-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/F75X2704, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Navigation and attitude (heave, pitch, roll and yaw) were acquired with an Applanix PosMV 320 Motion Reference Unit (MRU) using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), which is accurate to + or - 1 to 2 meters, horizontally. The configuration of the primary and secondary GPS antennas used for positioning and attitude aboard the R/V Shearwater are outlined in '1716Offset_Form.pdf', stored in https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-072-FA/data/logs/2014-072-FA_Alpine_logs.zip.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All collected survey line data were incorporated into the final acoustic backscatter image.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This file represents acoustic backscatter data collected offshore of Fire Island, NY by Alpine Ocean Seismic Survey, Inc. during 2014-072-FA. (See https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-072-FA/data/logs/2014-072-FA_Alpine_logs.zip).

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints none
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Jane F. Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, Massachusetts
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. Is there some other way to get the data?
    none
  6. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This zip file contains a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. A free spatial data viewer, ArcGIS Explorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. The zip file also contains associated metadata.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 18-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
Jane F. Denny
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, Massachusetts
USA

508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/field_activities/2014_072_fa/2014-072-fa_fi_sonar5m.faq.html>
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