Bathymetry within the inner shelf of Long Bay, South Carolina collected by the USGS, 1999-2003 (BATHY, Grid)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Bathymetry within the inner shelf of Long Bay, South Carolina collected by the USGS, 1999-2003 (BATHY, Grid)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2005-1346
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051346
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/html/gis.html
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/arcgis/bathy/bathy_grd.zip
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Baldwin, W.E.
Originator: Denny, J.F.
Originator: Schwab, W.C.
Originator: Gayes, P.T.
Originator: Morton, R.A.
Originator: Driscoll, N.W.
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Geologic Framework Studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003; geospatial data release
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2005-1346
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/
Description:
Abstract:
In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, began a study to investigate processes affecting shoreline change along the northern coast of South Carolina, focusing on the Grand Strand region. Previous work along the U.S. Atlantic coast shows that the structure and composition of older geologic strata located seaward of the coast heavily influences the coastal behavior of areas with limited sediment supply, such as the Grand Strand. By defining this geologic framework and identifying the transport pathways and sinks of sediment, geoscientists are developing conceptual models of the present-day physical processes shaping the South Carolina coast. The primary objectives of this research effort are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the coastal upland, shoreface and inner continental shelf, and define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways; leading to construction of a regional sediment budget.
Purpose:
This data set contains swath bathymetric data collected between 1999 and 2003. These data are used to define the sea-floor morphology offshore of the Grand Strand, South Carolina.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19991029
Ending_Date: 20030521
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition of several individual surveys: 19991029 to 19991112, 20000313 to 20000330, 20010501 to 20010515, 20020502 to 20020508, 20020603 to 20020618, 20030501 to 20030521.
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.177101
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.502832
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.876654
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.144166
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:503cd574-8c2d-453c-af8c-89b118f7427b
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHSC
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: swath bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: interferometry
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor morphology
Theme_Keyword: ArcRaster grid
Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 00014
Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 01008
Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 02011
Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 02014
Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 03009
Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 99044
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: distributions
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry and elevation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: interferometric sonar
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry measurement
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: Grand Strand
Place_Keyword: Long Bay
Place_Keyword: North Myrtle Beach
Place_Keyword: Myrtle Beach
Place_Keyword: Surfside
Place_Keyword: Garden City
Place_Keyword: Pawleys Island
Place_Keyword: Waites Island
Place_Keyword: Southeast United States
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data are NOT to be used for navigation purposes. Mariners should refer to the appropriate nautical chart. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/images/bathy_grd.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: color coded image of bathymetry
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
These data are internally consistent and have been compared to multibeam and single-beam bathymetric surveys to check for accuracy. Any differences between this bathymetric data set and others were determined to be within acceptable error given the inherent differences in the various bathymetric data sets (i.e. acquisition system, mode of navigation, density of point, and or swath bathymetry).
Logical_Consistency_Report:
These data were checked for consistency by plotting the point data with the contoured surface and eliminating spurious and anomalous soundings. All data were acquired with an SEA, ltd SwathPlus interferometric sonar (234 kHz).
Completeness_Report: Complete
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
DGPS is assumed to be accurate within 1-2 meters. Standard GPS is assumed accurate within 5-10 meters. 99% of the positional data is DGPS. Unless noted, all GPS/DGPS data is referenced to WGS84 (NAD83). The configuration of the fathometer is as follows: The fathometer is mounted on either the port or starboard side of the vessel. Offset between the sidemount and GPS antennae is measured. No measurements were taken of ship's pitch, yaw, heave, or change in draft due to water and fuel usage. Motion of the fathometer is not measured. Horizontal accuracy of the fathometer is assumed to be within 3 meters.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Ship motion was recorded with a TSS DMS 2-05 Attitude Sensor, mounted directly above the SEA SwathPlus transducers. Navigation was recorded using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The interferometric sonar is an angle-measuring system; depth accuracy decreases with increasing horizontal range. The combined angular accuracy of the SwathPlus system and the TSS DMS 2-05 attitude sensor is documented as 0.1 degrees. Assuming a constant angular accuracy, and using the International Hydrographic Standard (IHO) of a required 0.3 meter accuracy in < 30 meter water depth, all data collected within the survey fall within the IHO accuracy standards. However, vertical accuracy is also directly affected by the accuracy of both the navigation system and tidal measurements.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Bathymetric data were corrected for variations in the speed of sound throughout the water column; sound velocity profiles were acquired throughout the survey area using an Applied MicroSystems SVPlus Sound Velocimeter. These data were downloaded and reformatted to the required format needed for use within University of New Brunswick's Ocean Mapping Group (OMG) SwathEd multibeam processing software. The raw Submetrix 2000 Series data were "unraveled" and reformatted into the OMG format. This process creates several files on disk: 1) bathymetric soundings 2) raw sidescan-sonar backscatter 3) navigation 4) parameter files describing the configuration of the system (i.e. offsets between motion reference unit and GPS antenna, etc). This process also incorporates the sound velocity profiles in order to properly trace the rays given the structure of the water column.
Process_Date: 2004
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The OMG formatted bathymetric data were then graphically edited using the SwathEd multibeam processing software. This enabled editing on a "ping-by-ping" basis, both in the across- and along-track dimension. Spurious or erroneous data were removed. The navigation data were also graphically examined for each line of data.
Process_Date: 2004
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Navigation data output during the unravel were reformatted for entry into MATLAB. The time of day and position were used to extract the tidal elevation from within the ADCIRC circulation model. The ADCIRC circulation model is referenced to Mean Sea Level. Verified tidal data from the NOAA tidal gauge at SpringMaid Pier, SC were downloaded, referenced to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW). A low-pass filter was applied to the NOAA tide data; the residual was assumed to represent the wind component of sea surface elevations. Tidal elevation (output from ADCIRC) and wind component (NOAA tide station) represent total variation in surface elevations. These data were then written to an ASCII file and reformatted to OMG format for use within SwathEd. The tidal data were then written into the headers of the OMG formatted files, using the 'mergedTide' command. (SwathEd Commands: binTide -year XXX adcirc_wind.txt tide.bin mergeTide -tide tide.bin *.merged ) SwathEd Software was used to grid the bathymetric data at 20 m grid cell size utilizing the 'weigh_grid' command. weigh_grid -omg -butter -power 2 -cutoff 10 -lambda 2.5 Grid *.merged The gridded data were then viewed using the SwathEd Jview Command. The PatchTool was used to assess the roll misalignment of the data; slight roll misalignment artifacts were visible in the gridded data. The PatchTool is a QC tool to assess the degree to which the head (transducers and MRU) needs to be 'rolled' to achieve the proper alignment. QC was also preformed on the navigation. Edits were made as necessary. After the needed adjustments were recorded, the configuration and navigation were remerged with the OMG bathymetric data using the mergeNav and mergeAtt commands. mergeNav -use_params 0 -nav *.nav -swath *.merged) The remerged data were regridded for a second round of QC. The roll misalignment artifacts were no longer visible in the gridded data. The bathymetric data to this point have been edited, navigation, edited, tidal elevations relative to MLLW incorporated in the data, sound velocity corrections applied, and roll misalignment rectified. Next the data need to be interpolated to generate a continuous bathymetric surface. The SwathEd 'make_blank' command was used to generate a 20 meter grid for the survey area. The OMG formatted bathymetric files were then written into the 20 meter grid using the 'weigh_grid' command. Due to noise within the far range of the sonar signal, the 'max_incidence' parameter was used. This essentially limits the across track data range of the data; thus elimination noise. (weigh_grid -omg -butter -power 2 -cutoff 20 -lambda 10 -max_incidence 60 Grid *.merged) The 20 meter gridded data were then exported to an xyz ASCII file. (r4toASCII -utm -merid -81 20m_grd 20m.xyz)
Process_Date: 2004
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The 20m xyz ASCII data were then imported into Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS). A spline with tension and directionality interpolation routine was used in order to generate a continuous bathymetric surface from the interferometric sonar data. After many iterations, the gridding parameters resulting in a gridded dataset with the least amount of visible artifacts were as follows: s.surf.rst input=20m.xyz elev=grid100m field=1 tension=200 dmin=20 theta=45 scalex=0.5 smooth=2 A smoothing filter (comparable to a median/mean filter) was applied to the dataset.
Process_Date: 2004
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The final grid was then exported as an ESRI Binary Grid. r.out.arc in=grid100m out=grid100m.asc The exported data were then imported to ArcGIS 9.0 using the ASCIItoGRID command. The projection was then defined: UTM, zone 17 projection, WGS84 Ellipsoid.
Process_Date: 2004
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). An online link was changed to point to pubs.usgs.gov. Date range format had to be fixed. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
Process_Date: 20160627
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
Process_Date: 20170214
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt
Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
Process_Date: 20191118
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200908
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Row_Count: 800
Column_Count: 610
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 17
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 100.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 100.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Depth_System_Definition:
Depth_Datum_Name: Mean lower low water
Depth_Resolution: 1
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
Although all data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: AIG
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.0
Format_Specification: ESRI Grid File
Format_Information_Content:
Grid containing swath bathymetric data collected offshore of the Grand Strand, SC
File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive
Transfer_Size: 0.4
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW)
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: DVD-ROM
Recording_Capacity:
Recording_Density: 4.75
Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes
Recording_Format: UDF
Fees: None
Technical_Prerequisites:
These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Raster GRID format. The user must have software capable of importing and processing the data file.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20211111
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None

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