Location and JPEG images of photographs of the riverbed collected by the U.S. Geological Survey within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 (ESRI VECTOR SHAPEFILE and JPEG Images, 08016_PHOTO.SHP)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Location and JPEG images of photographs of the riverbed collected by the U.S. Geological Survey within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 (ESRI VECTOR SHAPEFILE and JPEG Images, 08016_PHOTO.SHP)
Abstract:
In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a geophysical and sampling survey of the riverbed of the Upper St. Clair River between Port Huron, MI, and Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The objectives were to define the Quaternary geologic framework of the St. Clair River to evaluate the relationship between morphologic change of the riverbed and underlying stratigraphy. This report presents the geophysical and sample data collected from the St. Clair River, May 29-June 6, 2008 as part of the International Upper Great Lakes Study, a 5-year project funded by the International Joint Commission of the United States and Canada to examine whether physical changes in the St. Clair River are affecting water levels within the upper Great Lakes, to assess regulation plans for outflows from Lake Superior, and to examine the potential effect of climate change on the Great Lakes water levels ( http://www.iugls.org). This document makes available the data that were used in a separate report, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1137, which detailed the interpretations of the Quaternary geologic framework of the region. This report includes a description of the suite of high-resolution acoustic and sediment-sampling systems that were used to map the morphology, surficial sediment distribution, and underlying geology of the Upper St. Clair River during USGS field activity 2008-016-FA . Video and photographs of the riverbed were also collected and are included in this data release. Future analyses will be focused on substrate erosion and its effects on river-channel morphology and geometry. Ultimately, the International Upper Great Lakes Study will attempt to determine where physical changes in the St. Clair River affect water flow and, subsequently, water levels in the Upper Great Lakes.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Location and JPEG images of photographs of the riverbed collected by the U.S. Geological Survey within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 (ESRI VECTOR SHAPEFILE and JPEG Images, 08016_PHOTO.SHP): Open-File Report 2010-1035, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Worley, Charles R., and Irwin, Barry J., 2010, Geophysical data collected from the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008-016-FA: Open-File Report 2010-1035, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.427136
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.403261
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.012497
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.963676
  3. What does it look like?
    https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/seaboss/photo_sm.jpg (JPEG)
    Thumbnail image of bottom photographs
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 03-Jun-2008
    Ending_Date: 04-Jun-2008
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (449)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    08016_photo
    ESRI vector shapefile (Source: ESRI)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: ESRI) Coordinates defining the features.
    Station
    Number of the station, or sample, location (STxx, where ST=station, and xx = station number) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ST1station, or sample, location. Format STxx, where ST=station, and xx= station number
    Hour
    Hour of data collection (24-hr clock, UTC) based on EXIF header (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:11
    Maximum:19
    Units:hour
    Min
    Minute of data collection (24-hour clock, UTC), based on EXIF header (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:59
    Units:minute
    Sec
    Second of data collection (24-hr clock, UTC), based on EXIF header (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:59
    Units:second
    LAT
    Latitude position of station (decimal degrees, WGS84) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:42.963676
    Maximum:43.012497
    Units:decimal degrees
    Long
    Longitude of station location (decimal degrees, WGS84) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-82.427136
    Maximum:-82.403261
    Units:decimal degrees
    JD
    Julian Day of data collection (year 2008), where julian day is the numeric day of the year with January 1 equal to day 1 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:155
    Maximum:156
    Units:Julian Day (Year 2008)
    PICNAME
    Name of the digital image. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    PICTXXXX.JPGFilename for digital photographs format 'PICTXXXX.JPG', where PICT is picture, XXXX is file number starting with 0030, and JPEG is the image format.
    GPSHour
    Hour of day extracted from the HYPACK navigation (24-hr clock) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:11
    Maximum:19
    Units:hour of day (24-hr clock)
    GPSMin
    Minute of data collection extracted from the HYPACK navigation (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:59
    Units:minute of the day
    GPSSec
    Second of data collection (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:59
    Units:second of the day
    Hyperlink
    Path to the digital photograph (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Text field listing the path to the digital photograph that corresponds to a specific location

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This data set includes the bottom photograph locations and links to the bottom photographs (JPG images) collected within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada during USGS Cruise 08016. The bottom photographs were collected to ground-truth the geophysical data collected and to characterize the surficial sediment along the riverbed.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2008 (process 1 of 11)
    Video and digital photographs were collected at 37 stations using the USGS Mini SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001). Mini SEABOSS stations were selected based on preliminary acoustic-backscatter mosaics, with the objective of characterizing broad areas of different backscatter intensity. With the Mini SEABOSS deployed, the research vessel was allowed to drift with occasional power from the vessel to control drift direction. Continuous video was collected over a total of 11.5 km of lake and riverbed. Video drift position was derived from the HYPACK® navigation files based on the start and end times of the drift. For some portions of the drift, there was no navigation, so the position was derived from the time and position stamp in the video at 30-s intervals. A total of 449 photographs were obtained from a digital still camera at user-selected locations along the video drifts.
    Gaps in sequential photo numbers exist. If the camera was triggered accidentally on deck or the photograph was of poor quality or location (e.g. photograph within water column), the photograph was not saved.
    Grab samples of the surficial sediment were collected at 15 stations, typically at the end of a drift. The upper 2 cm of sediment was scraped from the surface of the sample for texture analysis. Sediment samples were collected at locations with relatively fine-grained sediment (sand or mud). Samples were not collected in gravel or cobble areas where gravel prevented full closure of the sampler and resulted in a washed-out sample.
    A total of 13 bottom samples were submitted for grain-size analysis. Two partially recovered, washed-out samples were not submitted. Grain-size analysis was performed at the USGS Sediment Laboratory at WHCMSC using methods described by Poppe and others (2005).
    The mini-SEABOSS is housed with a Minolta CO., LTD, DiMAGE 7Hi camera. The full resolution of the acquired images is 2560 x 1920 pixels.
    The EXIF header of the JPEG images contains the time the photo was taken (UTC times) as well as information about the camera used and resolution of the images.
    Date: 2008 (process 2 of 11)
    A total of 449 bottom photographs were obtained from a digital camera configured on the mini-SEABOSS. The photographs were taken at user-selected locations along the mini-SEABOSS video drifts.
    Sample locations for sample 1 and 2 were read from the video time stamp, as HYPACK navigation was not available. The position information at the end of the video drift was used as position of the sample. (Samples were acquired at the end of video drifts). Person who carried out this activity:
    Jane F. Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508 548-8700 x 2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 3 of 11)
    Parsed the HYPACK raw navigation for latitude, longitude, time, Julian day, and year, and added Survey ID 08016 by executing a Python script lat_long_fix.py from an xterm (Mac OS X).
    Mac OS X (snow leopard 10.6.4) Person who carried out this activity:
    David Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508 548-8700 x 2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2009 (process 4 of 11)
    Concatenated the parsed navigation files and edited the file with vi to add missing locations (HYPACK navigation unavailable) for stations 1 and 2, which were read from the video time stamp.
    vi, Mac OSX 10.6.4 Person who carried out this activity:
    David Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508 548-8700 x 2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2009 (process 5 of 11)
    Extracted time from the "Date Picture Taken" in the Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) format header of the quality JPEG bottom photographs using uses the Python script sda_vexiftool_mod12.py (v.Jan18.2007) from an xterm (Mac OS X). Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2009 (process 6 of 11)
    Create ESRI shapefile joining the bottom photo name with the navigation based on matching date and time fields running the Python script sda_hotlink_8.py (v.Feb.23.2005) from PythonWin.
    A 'hyperlink' field was added to the attribute table and used to hotlink to the bottom photos. Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 7 of 11)
    The digital images were recorded on a compact flash card within the camera. Digital images were downloaded to a local disk and stored within folders with a naming convention based on the Julian Day of data collection. For example, 'bottomphotos155' contains all digital images collected during Julian Day 155.
    Full resolution JPEG images were desampled in order to create an image set that would enable faster download.
    The following command was used to resize the JPEG images:
    convert -file.JPG -resize 25% file_sm.JPG
    Mac OSX 10.6.4; convert Person who carried out this activity:
    David Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2311 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Oct-2017 (process 8 of 11)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The link to the data in the Distribution_Information section had to be fixed. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Reordered the links in the identification section to have a landing page link as the first link. Moved the minimal source information provided to make it the first process step. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. Added the distribution format JPEG to account for the JPEG images in the zip file. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 9 of 11)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 10 of 11)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 11 of 11)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Foster, David S., and Denny, Jane F., 2009, Quaternary Geologic Framework of the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada: Open-File Report 2009-1137, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    D.Blackwood, and Parolski, K., 2001, Seabed observation and sampling system: Sea Technology v. 42, no. 2, p. 39-43, Sea Technology, Arlington, Virginia.

    Poppe, L.J., Williams, S.J., and Paskevich, V.F., 2005, USGS East-Coast Sediment Analysis Procedures, Database, and GIS Data: Open-File Report 2005-1001, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Navigation for the mini-SEABOSS: Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation data were acquired with a Communications Systems International (CSI), Inc. LGBX Pro receiver. The CSI LGBX Pro received positions from a DGPS antenna located on the port, aft roof of the R/V Rafael cabin. DGPS positions were recorded within HYPACK (www.hypack.com) navigation software. Offsets between the DGPS antenna and the mini-SEABOSS were not measured. DGPS accuracy is 1 to 3 meters, depending on the distance from a US Coast Guard coastal repeater station (<http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/>). However, the horizontal position of the mini-SEABOSS during sample collection is assumed to be +/- 10 meters at best, due to a lack of precise positional data at the time of sample recovery.
    With the mini-SEABOSS deployed, the research vessel was allowed to drift with occasional power from the vessel to control drift direction. Bottom photographs were acquired at user-selected locations along the drift. Video drift position was derived from the HYPACK navigation files based on start and end times. The drift navigation was merged with the digital photographs based on time of day.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Video and digital photographs were collected at 37 locations using the USGS Mini SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001). A total of 449 photographs were obtained from a digital still camera at user-selected locations along the video drifts.
    Sample, photographic and video navigation for locations 1, 2 and (up to time: 13:31 for location 3) used navigation from the video time stamp, as navigation was not recorded in HYPACK. HYPACK navigation was available for bottom sample 3 location and from 13:31 to the end of file for photographs and video at location 3.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    All bottom photographs were collected with the mini-SEABOSS (SEABed Observation and Sampling System) by the U.S. Geological Survey within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada in 2008.
    Blackwood and Parolski, 2001

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: WinZip (version 9.0) file containing bottom photograph locations and JPEG images of bottom photographs collected by the U.S. Geological Survey within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 in format Shapefile (version ArcGIS 9.2) Size: 58
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/seaboss/photo.zip
      Data format: WinZip (version 9.0) file containing bottom photograph locations and JPEG images of bottom photographs collected by the U.S. Geological Survey within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 in format JPEG Size: 58
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/seaboss/photo.zip
    • Cost to order the data: none

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com.
    This zip file also contains desampled JPG images of the bottom samples. Full resolution bottom photographs are available upon request, or can be downloaded individually (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/seaboss/photos/).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 18-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Jane Denny
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

508-548-8700 x 2311 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2010-1035/08016_photo.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Mon Mar 25 16:05:30 2024