PNG formatted images of Knudsen 3202 chirp seismic-reflection profiles collected by the USGS within Buzzards Bay and sand shoals of Vineyard Sound, MA, 2011

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
PNG formatted images of Knudsen 3202 chirp seismic-reflection profiles collected by the USGS within Buzzards Bay and sand shoals of Vineyard Sound, MA, 2011
Abstract:
These data were collected under a cooperative agreement between the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of seafloor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters of coastal Massachusetts, primarily in water depths of 2-30 meters. Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/). The data collected in this study area are located in both Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound and are primarily in the shallow water areas around the eastern Elizabeth Islands and Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. The data include high resolution bathymetry, acoustic-backscatter intensity, sound velocity in water, seismic-reflection profiles, and navigation data. These data were collected during several cruises between 2007 and 2011 onboard the R/V Rafael using the following equipment: an SEA Ltd SwathPlus interferometric sonar (234 kHz), Klein 3000 dual frequency sidescan sonar, a boomer source and Geometrics 8-channel GeoEel streamer, a Knudsen 3200 subbottom profiling system, and 4 GPS antennae. More information about the cruises conducted as part of the project: Geologic Mapping of the Seafloor Offshore of Massachusetts can be found on the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Field Activity webpages: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2011-013-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2009-068-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2007-039-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2010-100-FA, and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2010-047-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, PNG formatted images of Knudsen 3202 chirp seismic-reflection profiles collected by the USGS within Buzzards Bay and sand shoals of Vineyard Sound, MA, 2011: Open-File Report 2013-1020, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Pendleton, Elizabeth A., Andrews, Brian D., Danforth, William W., and Foster, David S., 2014, High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts: Open-File Report 2013-1020, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.829567
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.443945
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.554338
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.432077
  3. What does it look like?
    https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1020/GIS_catalog/seisimage/knudsen/knudsen_013.png (PNG)
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Swath Knudsen seismic reflection profiles surrounding the Elizabeth Islands and Martha's Vineyard, MA
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 02-Aug-2011
    Ending_Date: 31-Aug-2011
    Currentness_Reference:
    Data were not collected on 20110807, 20110812-20110815, 20110821, and 20110825-20110829 due to weather.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Elizabeth A. Pendleton
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2259 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ependleton@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

PNG images of each seismic profile were generated in order to incorporate images of the seismic profiles into Geographic Information System (GIS) projects and data archives. The PNG images represent approximately 940 km of Knudsen 3202 chirp seismic-reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during Woods Hole Science Center cruise 2011-013-FA within Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, MA. Each profile image can be hotlinked to its corresponding trackline navigation contained within an Esri polyline shapefile.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    data acq. (source 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, unknown, Information unavailable from original metadata.

    Type_of_Source_Media: disc
    Source_Contribution:
    Seismic data were collected using a dual frequency (3.5 and 200 kHz) Knudsen Engineering Limited (KEL) Chirp 3202 system with transducers mounted on a rigid pole on the starboard side of the R/V Rafael of Woods Hole, MA. Knudsen SounderSuite seismic acquisition software was used to control the 3202 system, digitally log trace data in the Society of Exploration Geophysicists Y (SEG-Y) Revision 1 format (Norris and Faichney), and record DGPS navigation coordinates to the SEG-Y trace headers in arc seconds. The transducer draft was 0.5 m below the water surface, and the draft offset was accounted for during data acquisition. Navigation coordinates and water depths from the 200-kHz channel were logged together in ASCII formatted files for each survey line. Data were acquired at a peak frequency of 5.0 kHz, a .25 second fire rate, a 36 -38 microsecond sample interval, and record lengths between 26 and 130 milliseconds. A total of 940 km of seismic data were collected. A total of 940 km of seismic data were collected.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2013 (process 1 of 5)
    An executable C-shell script called on SIOSEIS (version 2007.8) to 1) mute water column portions of Knudsen 3202 seismic traces using the water depths recorded in the 200kHz channel; 2)apply gain and automatic gain control functions to the traces; and 3) write the resulting traces to new "mute_gain" SEG-Y files, which were used for creation of PNG browse images and digital interpretation. Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2013 (process 2 of 5)
    An executable C-Shell script called on Seismic Unix (version 4.1) to read the SEG-Y files and plot the data as 8-bit gray scale Postscript files. All images were created with a horizontal scale of 100 traces per inch. The profiles contain 50 milliseconds of Two-Way Travel Time within an 12-inch vertical window, yielding 4.2 milliseconds per inch. Postscript images were converted to PNG format using ImageMagick (version 5.5.6). Person who carried out this activity:
    Elizabeth Pendleton
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2259 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ependleton@usgs.gov
    Date: 05-Oct-2017 (process 3 of 5)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Added the DOI link in the Identification section - both as the first link and as part of the Larger Work citation. Fixed the publication date and also the Larger Work citation title to match what is available online. Updated the link to the project page in the abstract as well as the field activity links. Fixed the browse graphic link. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. Fixed a link in the distribution section. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 4 of 5)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 5 of 5)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Andrews, B.D., Ackerman, S.D., Baldwin, W.E., Foster, D.S., and Schwab, W.C., 2013, High-Resolution Geophysical Data From the Inner Continental Shelf at Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts: Open-File Report 2012-1006, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Ackerman, S.D., Andrews, B.D., Foster, D.S., Baldwin, W.E., and Schwab, W.C., 2013, High-Resolution Geophysical Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts: Open-File Report 2012-1002, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Pendleton, E.A., Twichell, D.C., Foster, D.S., Worley, C.R., Irwin, B.J., and Danforth, W.W., 2012, High-Resolution Geophysical Data From the Sea Floor Surrounding the Western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts: Open-File Report 2011-1184, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Turecek, A.M., Danforth, W.W., Baldwin, W.E., and Barnhardt, W.A., 2012, High-Resolution Geophysical Data Collected Within Red Brook Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in 2009: Open-File Report 2010-1091, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Stockwell, John, 2008, CWP/SU: Seismic Uni*x: Center for Wave Phenomena - Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: version 43R3
    Henkart, Paul, 2007, SIOSEIS: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California - San Diego, LaJolla, CA.

    Online Links:

    Norris, Michael W., and Faichney, Alan K., 2002, SEGY Rev.1 Data Exchange Format1: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation data were acquired with a Communications Systems International (CSI), Inc. LGBX Pro receiver. Navigation data were sent to the Knudsen SounderSuite acquisition application, which logged the coordinates to individual trace headers in the Society of Exploration Geophysicists Y (SEG-Y) Revision 1 format (Norris and Faichney, 2002). A 2 m horizontal offset between the seismic transducers and the DGPS receiver was not accounted for during data acquisition, and resulting positional accuracy is assumed to be better than 10 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    One PNG image exists for each seismic profile identified in the 'image' attribute field of the shapefile '2011-013-FA_Knudsen_tracklines.shp' located in the directory 'https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1020/GIS_catalog/tracklines/'
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Processed seismic data were converted to PNG format for ease of seismic trace display. Quality control was conducted during processing. Changes in water depth, bottom type, and acquisition parameters during the survey caused significant variability in seismic trace amplitudes and subsurface penetration. Profiles in shallow water areas experienced the most detrimental effects. Data quality generally improved as the survey progressed into deeper water.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Elizabeth A. Pendleton
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    (508) 548-8700x2259 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    ependleton@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. Is there some other way to get the data?
    Digital copies of these chirp seismic data may also be obtained in the SEG-Y Rev. 1 standard format upon request. The data would be packaged on DVD, and contain the Knudsen-processed, envelope traces.
  6. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with any PNG image viewing software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 08-Sep-2020
Metadata author:
Elizabeth Pendleton
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole, MA

(508) 548-8700x2259 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
ependleton@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2013-1020/2011-013-FA_knudsen.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:20:39 2021