This backscatter mosaic was created from several backscatter datasets that were processed and published as TIFF images (see Source Information for the individual input images). The source images were enhanced by stretching and color balancing the individual images to create a seamless backscatter mosaic. You can download the source data listed in the source contribtutions.
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
In general, multibeam backscatter has a higher horizontal accuracy than sidescan sonar backscatter data, because there is no cable out or layback uncertainty associated with multibeam data. The horizontal accuracy of the multibeam backscatter (based on the accuracy listed in the input data) is assumed to be within 5 meters. The horizontal accuracy of sidescan sonar backscatter (also based on the accuracy reported in the input data reports) is assumed to be 10 meters. The mosaicking process in PCI used to combine all the source backscatter mosaics could introduce additional horizontal errors. This composite backscatter intensity mosaic is assumed to be horizontally accurate to within 50-meters, as additional errors could have been introduced during resampling, horizontal projections, and mosaicking within PCI.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Poppe, L.J.
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Blackwood, D.S.
Originator: Butman, B.
Originator: Moser, M.S.
Originator: Stewart, H.F.
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Sea-floor character and surface processes in the vicinity of Quicks Hole, Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2006-1357
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1357/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20040101
Ending_Date: 20050601
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Poppe and others, 2007
Source_Contribution:
This publication describes the methods used for the acquisition of backscatter data for the Quicks Hole and Buzzards Bay area. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson were used to acquire bathymetric and backscatter data during 2004. The sidescan sonar data were acquired with a hull-mounted Klein 5250 system operating at 100 kHz.. The backscatter mosaic was later enhanced and is available through U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2008-1196. This enhanced image was used for the Buzzards Bay composite mosaic.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Pendleton, E.A.
Originator: Twichell, D.C.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Worley, C.R
Originator: Irwin, B.J.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
High-resolution geophysical data from the sea floor surrounding the Western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2011-1184
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1184/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20100909
Ending_Date: 20100918
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others, 2012
Source_Contribution:
This report provided source backscatter for the area of Buzzards Bay surrounding the western Elizabeth Islands. Surveying was conducted aboard the RV Rafael in September 2010. Interferometric-sonar, sidescan-sonar, and chirp seismic-reflection systems were deployed simultaneously during the cruise. Sidescan-sonar (acoustic-backscatter) data were acquired with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar system (100 and 500 kHz). The 100 kHz data were used to create a backscatter mosaic. This mosaic was included in the Buzzards Bay composite mosaic.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Turecek, A.M.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Originator: Baldwin, W.E.
Originator: Barnhardt, W.A.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
High-resolution geophysical data collected within Red Brook Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in 2009
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1091
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1091/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20090928
Ending_Date: 20091117
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Turecek and others, 2012
Source_Contribution:
This report provided the source backscatter data for Buzzards Bay in the area of Red Brook Harbor. Surveying was conducted aboard the R/V Rafael. Bathymetric data were collected with an SEA SWATHplus 234-kilohertz (kHz) interferometric sonar system. Acoustic backscatter, a measure of the intensity of returns from an insonified area of the sea floor, was recorded by the SEA SWATHplus interferometric sonar system.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Andrews, B.D.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Baldwin, W.E.
Originator: Schwab, W.C.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
High-Resolution Geophysical Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1002
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1002/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20040330
Ending_Date: 20110517
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ackerman and others, 2013
Source_Contribution:
This report provided the source backscatter for Buzzards Bay. The mapping was conducted during research cruises aboard the Megan T. Miller (2009 and 2010) and the Scarlett Isabella (2011). The NOAA Ship RUDE acquired bathymetric soundings in 2004 using a RESON SeaBat 8125 455-kHz multibeam-echosounder system. These data were not used in the composite backscatter image. All other surveys used a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar (132 and 445 kHz).
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Pendleton, E.A.
Originator: Andrews, B.D.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2013-1020
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1020/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20100713
Ending_Date: 20110831
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others, 2014
Source_Contribution:
This report provided the source backscatter for Buzzards Bay in the area of Naushon Island. These areas were surveyed with the RV Rafael in 2011. Sidescan-sonar (acoustic-backscatter) data were acquired with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar system (100 and 500 kHz). The 100 kHz data were used to create a backscatter mosaic. This mosaic was included in the Buzzards Bay composite mosaic.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Poppe, L.J.
Originator: McMullen, K.Y.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Blackwood, D.
Originator: Williams, S.
Originator: Ackerman, S.A.
Originator: Barnum, S.
Originator: Brennan, R.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1004
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1004/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20010101
Ending_Date: 20071119
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Poppe and others, 2008
Source_Contribution:
This publication provides the source backscatter data for Woods Hole. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Whiting were used to acquire backscatter data during 2001. The sidescan-sonar data were acquired with a hull-mounted Klein T-5000 system operating at 455 kHz aboard launch 1014.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Poppe, L.J.
Originator: McMullin, K.Y.
Originator: Williams, S.J.
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Glomb, K.A.
Originator: Forfinski, N.A.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Enhanced Sidescan-Sonar Imagery Offshore of Southeastern Massachusetts
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1196
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1196/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20040101
Ending_Date: 20050601
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Open-File Report 2008-1196
Source_Contribution:
This report provided the enhanced sidescan-sonar mosic used to create the composit backscatter image for Buzzards Bay.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Collected the input datasets:
All the backscatter images came from USGS Open File Reports (including the NOAA collected backscatter from Hydrographic survey H11076):
USGS OFR 2012-1002 - BB_backscatter1m.tif
USGS OFR 2011-1184 - 2010-003-FA_SSmosaic_BuzzardsBay.tif, 2010-003-FA_SSmosaic_Nashawena.tif, 2010-003-FA_SSmosaic_Penikese.tif
USGS OFR 2008-1196 - h11076_utm19_1msss.tif
USGS OFR 2010-1091 - RB_Backscatter_1m.tif
USGS OFR 2013-1020 - Sidescan_2011-013_1m.tif
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
Pope and others (2007); Poppe and others, 2008; Pendleton and others (2012); Turecek and others (2012); Ackerman and others (2013); Pendleton and others (2014); USGS Open-File Report 2008-1196
Process_Date: 2013
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-5488700 x2331
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The backscatter image for the surveys in Red Brook Harbor (RB_Backscatter_1m.tif)(Turecek and others, 2012) and Quicks Hole (h11076_utm19_1mrsss.tif) (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1196) were stretched in Adobe Photoshop CS4 and saved as new GeoTIFF images using the GeoTIFFExamine software to transfer the georeferencing information from the original GeoTIFF to the stretched TIFF for these 2 images and create TFW files.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Turecek and others (2012)
Process_Date: 2013
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2331
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
All of the input images (or stretched images) were loaded into PCI Geomatica 2013 OrthoEngine (version 2013 SP2 2013-6-10) and mosaicked into a composite backscatter GeoTIFF (BuzzBay_mosaic1m.tif). The brightness levels for the Quick Hole image were further adjusted within PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine using the color balance tool to match the surrounding region on the final mosaic backscatter GeoTIFF image.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: All
Process_Date: 2013
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2331
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Empty fields were deleted. Links to the data were fixed. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
Process_Date: 20160512
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
Process_Date: 20180720
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
Process_Date: 20191118
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200908
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov