Seabed still images in JPEG format collected on Stellwagen Bank during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2017-043-FA, aboard the R/V Auk, Aug. 22 and 23, 2017

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Page C. Valentine
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Seabed still images in JPEG format collected on Stellwagen Bank during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2017-043-FA, aboard the R/V Auk, Aug. 22 and 23, 2017
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9A57QWI
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI
Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Page C. Valentine
Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Sea-Floor Sediment Samples, Seabed Imagery, and CTD Instrument Data Collected on Stellwagen Bank in August 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2017-043-FA
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9A57QWI
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2018, Sea-floor sediment samples, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in August 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2017-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI
Online_Linkage:
Description:
Abstract:
This field activity is part of an effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000-scale) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. The data collected in this study will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. On August 22 and 23, 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, conducted a research cruise aboard the Sanctuary’s Research Vessel Auk, visiting 39 locations within the sanctuary. A customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS) equipped with a video camera and a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) instrument was deployed in drift mode to collect sediment for grain-size analysis, video imagery of the seabed, and measurements of water column properties.
Purpose:
To provide still images representative of the sea floor that were extracted from video imagery acquired with the SEABed OBservation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). These data provide ground-truth information for geophysical datasets and are used in seabed interpretations. The images have location information in the EXIF header and are also the same as the station locations in the 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary file available from the Larger Work citation.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information regarding this field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-043-FA.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20170822
Ending_Date: 20170823
Currentness_Reference: ground condition of when data were collected.
Status:
Progress: complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.408960
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.226370
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.194880
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.084520
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: sea floor images
Theme_Keyword: seabed photographs
Theme_Keyword: ground-truth
Theme_Keyword: seabed images
Theme_Keyword: JPEG
Theme_Keyword: SEABed Observation and Sampling System
Theme_Keyword: SEABOSS
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: image collections
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: field monitoring stations
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank
Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
Place_Keyword: SBNMS
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay
Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints: None.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine
Contact_Position: Research Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Browse graphic of an example seabed still image on Stellwagen Bank.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: D.S. Blackwood
Originator: K.F. Parolski
Publication_Date: 2001
Title: Seabed observation and sampling system
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Sea Technology
Issue_Identification: v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: P. Valentine
Originator: D. Blackwood
Originator: K. Parolski
Publication_Date: 2000
Title: Seabed observation and sampling system
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet
Issue_Identification: FS-142-00
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs142-00/
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The image names are in the format staXXXX_Y.jpg where XXXX is the station number and Y is the image number at that station. Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape (Y=1) and the second a close-up of the seabed (Y=2). The difference in view is related to the closeness of the SEABOSS system to the seafloor. All the images are from one camera except for stations 4656 and 4662 for which images came from backup cameras mounted slightly higher on the SEABOSS system because the preferred camera was non-functional. Although the two images from a station are not from the exact same location, the EXIF header information in each is the same. This is because the video source imagery did not display time. So the latitude and longitude of the two images is based on the station location time recorded in the cruise log book (the location of a sediment sample; or if no sample collected, the video drift end location). The latitude and longitude position of a station recorded in the log book was adjusted by reference to the latitude and longitude recorded at that time in the GPS navigation file. The 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary (available from the Larger Work citation) station locations are the same as the image locations at each station number.
Some of the images have a green tint to them. This is due to the ambient light in the shallow water.
Completeness_Report:
Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape and the second a close-up of the seabed that was recorded when sampling was attempted. With 39 stations, this makes a total of 78 JPEG images.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Although the images do not represent spatial data, the spatial information is available in the EXIF header of each image, which is derived from the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). The location information for stations was acquired from a satellite navigation receiver (Furuno satellite compass SC-30, GPS receiver) at two second intervals with a horizontal accuracy of 10 m. The navigation antenna is located 5.3 m forward of the SEABOSS deployment location. This offset was not accounted for in the navigation acquisition (navigation fixes represent antenna location).
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Seabed video images were collected using a battery-operated, high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). The SEABOSS system had two GoPro cameras and a Seaviewer camera attached to it. The Seaviewer camera had a live feed to the surface and was used only to observe obstacles, like gill nets and lobster gear, in order to avoid entanglement. In the case of camera failure, the additional cameras provided backup video, which was needed for stations 4656 and 4662.
As the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed, the cameras imaged the seabed at a rate of 60 frames per second from an altitude of ~1 meter. Lighting was provided by two, battery-operated Keldan LED video lights. Each light provided a light flux of up to 9000 lumens at a correlated color temperature of 5000 kelvins. Two parallel red lasers mounted 20 centimeters apart provided a scale in the video images.
Video imagery includes the launch and recovery of the SEABOSS, transit through the water column, and the drift over the seabed. The duration of individual video files ranges from 4 to 10 minutes. Video files are archived in .MP4 format (except for station 4656 in .mov format) format and range in size from 0.9 to 5 gigabytes. These video files are not available as part of this data release.
Video files are archived at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
Process_Date: 2017
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine
Contact_Position: Research Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Video frame-grab images were extracted from high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video by reviewing the video from each station and saving a frame-grab image that clearly showed the seabed. These images were obtained using open source VLC Media Player software (version 2.0.0) developed by the VideoLAN project. http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html
Two video frame-grab images are provided for each station. One image (staxxxx_1.jpg) shows a broad view of the landscape as the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed. The second image (staxxxx_2.jpg) shows a close-up of the seabed as the SEABOSS was stationary during the collection of the sediment sample. The xxxx is the station number. Where visible, the two parallel red lasers mounted 20 cm apart provide a scale.
Process_Date: 2017
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine
Contact_Position: Research Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Using the 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary.csv, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived. Two stations in the summary file were for plankton tows, so those records were deleted for this process. The station location (latitude and longitude), date and time for each station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an awk script (awkphoto_2017-043-FA) so that the following columns of information were available: image name (based on the station number), julian day, GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD), GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), latitude, and longitude. This information was written to a CSV file - 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv. This process step and subsequent process steps (unless otherwise noted), were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary.csv
Process_Date: 2017
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A python script (writeexif_2_readfile_11_24_15.py executed with IDLE version 2.7.3) was then run that incorporated the information from 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv, along with additional information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each GoPro grab image at each station. Although the two images from each station aren't from exactly the same place, the same information for that station was populated in each photo.The PYTHON script uses ExifTool (version 9.4.6.0) to write the information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags.

GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information exported from the photo locations shapefile.

GPSLatitudeRef
GPSLatitude
GPSLongitudeRef
GPSLongitude
GPSTimeStamp
GSPDateStamp

JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it.

comment:Image grabs from a GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Auk during survey 2017-043-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-043-FA ).

EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.

ImageDescription:Image grab of the sea floor in Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA
Artist: Page C. Valentine
Copyright: Public Domain - please credit the U.S. Geological Survey

IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.

Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
Keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2017-043-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth
CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
Caption-Abstract: Image grab of the sea floor in Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA

XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.

Caption: Image grab of the sea floor in Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA

To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 9.4.6.0):

exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription *.jpg > out.csv

The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg
Process_Date: 20180109
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
Location information in the EXIF header and also indicated by the station location in the station data summary data file (available from the Larger Work citation).
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Although the seabed images do not have attributes per se, the EXIF header information can be extracted or viewed to give additional information about each image.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine
Contact_Position: Research Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
2017-043-FA_SeabedImages.zip contains the 78 JPEG images that are grabs from the video (2 images at each station), the browse graphic (2017-043-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in TXT, XML, and HTML formats.
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: JPEG
Format_Information_Content:
The zip file contains JPEG image files, browse graphic, and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata.
Transfer_Size: 34
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information: Access_Instructions:
The first link is to download the data in a zip file. The second and third links are to the landing page of the data. Although the last two links go to the same place, one is the DOI designation of the publication.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The zip file contains images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and viewing the JPEG images.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20180504
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02556-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

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