Underwater video observations offshore of Tacoma, Washington

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title: Underwater video observations offshore of Tacoma, Washington
Abstract:
This part of USGS Data Series 935 (Cochrane, 2014) presents observations from underwater video collected in the Offshore of Tacoma, Washington, map area, a part of the Southern Salish Sea Map Series. To validate the interpretations of sonar data in order to turn it into geologically and biologically useful information, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) towed a camera sled over specific locations throughout the Tacoma map area to collect video and photographic data that would “ground truth” the seafloor. The ground-truth survey conducted in the Tacoma map area occurred in 2009 and 2011 on the R/V Karluk (USGS field activity K109PS, and K0111PS) and on the Washington State Department of Fish and Game R/V Molluscan in 2011 and 2012 (USGS field activity M0111PS, M0112PS, and M0212PS). The camera sled was towed 1 to 2 m above the seafloor at speeds of between 1 and 2 nautical miles/hour. The surveys for this map area includes approximately 30 hours (47 trackline km) of video.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the USGS field activities from which some of these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K109WO https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K0111PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0111PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0112PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0212PS
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Cochrane, Guy R., Ritchie, Andrew C., Hodson, Timothy O., Kull, Kristine J., and Dethier, Megan N., 20230315, Underwater video observations offshore of Tacoma, Washington: data release DOI:10.5066/P9KA6GH2, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Cochrane, Guy R., 2023, Multibeam echo sounder, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of Tacoma, Washington: data release DOI:10.5066/P9KA6GH2, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.77379
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.395955
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.34923
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.110177
  3. What does it look like?
    VideoObservations_OffshoreTacoma.jpg (JPEG)
    Shaded-relief map showing camera tracklines of underwater video collected in the Offshore of Tacoma map area
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 07-May-2009
    Ending_Date: 10-Aug-2012
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (1876)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N.
      Projection parameters:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
      Planar coordinates are specified in degrees
      The horizontal datum used is D North American 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: instantaneous sealevel
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.1
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Tacoma map area substrate and biota shapefile
    File of physical habitat and biota presence with x and y coordinates (Source: Producer defined)
    FID
    Internal feature number (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated
    Shape
    feature type (Source: ESRI) Point feature of physical habitat and biota presence with x, y and z coordinates
    DATE
    Month, day, year format (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5/9/2009
    Maximum:8/10/2012
    Units:Days
    Resolution:1
    UTC_TIME
    Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) also commonly referred to as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) in HH:MM:SS format (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:00:00:23
    Maximum:23:58:57
    Units:seconds
    Resolution:1
    LONGITUDE
    geographic x coordinate in NAD 83 degrees (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-122.7746
    Maximum:-122.3933
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    LATITUDE
    geographic y coordinate in NAD 83 degrees (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:47.1114
    Maximum:47.349
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    MAJOR_GEO
    Primary substrate constitutes greater than fifty percent of the seafloor during an observation. The values are based on the Wentworth scale except that granule and pebble sizes have been grouped together into a class called "gravel," and clay and silt sizes have been grouped together into a class called "mud" (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    bboulder (409.6 cm to 25.5 cm)
    ccobble (25.5 cm to 6.5 cm)
    ggravel (6.5 cm to .2 cm)
    mmud (.00625 cm or smaller)
    rExposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
    ssand (.2 cm to .00625 cm)
    MINOR_GEO
    Secondary substrates constitute greater than twenty percent of the seafloor during an observation. The classes are based on the Wentworth scale except that granule and pebble sizes have been grouped together into a class called "gravel," and clay and silt sizes have been grouped together into a class called "mud" (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    bboulder (409.6 cm to 25.5 cm)
    ccobble (25.5 cm to 6.5 cm)
    ggravel (6.5 cm to .2 cm)
    mmud (.00625 cm or smaller)
    rExposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
    ssand (.2 cm to .00625 cm)
    SUBST_CLAS
    CMECS substrate class. (Source: CMECS)
    ValueDefinition
    RockExposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
    Unconsolidated MineralGeologic substrates with less than 50% cover of Rock Substrate. This substrate class provides Folk (1954) terminology to describe any mix of loose mineral substrate occurring at any range of sizes from boulders to clay.
    SUBST_SBCL
    CMECS substrate subclass (Source: CMECS)
    ValueDefinition
    BedrockSubstrate with largely continuous formations of bedrock covering 50 percent or more of the geologic substrate surface
    CoarseSubstrate surface layer contains any amount of gravel (particles greater than or equal to 2 mm), from a single granule to 100 percent boulders
    FineSubstrate surface layer contains no trace of gravel (particles greater than or equal to 2mm)
    Ascidiacea
    Any species of tunicate (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Asteriidae
    Mottled, rainbow, black sea stars (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Balanophyl
    Cup corals (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Bivalvia
    Any bivalve species not scallops, probably mostly mussels (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    bony_fish
    Any fish of the superclass Osteichthyes that is not on the list of specific fishes used for this project. (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Brachiopod
    Brachipoda (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Bryozoa
    Any Bryozoan, epilithic or epiphytica (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Cancer
    Any crabs in the Cancer genus (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Caridea
    Any shrimp (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Cerianthid
    Any burrowing anemone (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Chlorophyc
    Any green algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Cottidae
    Any sculpin (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    driftweed
    Any unattached kelp or other algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    eggcase
    Any egg case including gastropod, shark or ray (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    encrusting
    Any encrusting invertebrate or corallines (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Fucus
    Rockweed Fucus (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Gadiformes
    Any cod or pollock species (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Gastropoda
    Any gastropod other than nudibranchs (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Gobiidae
    Fish from the Goby fish family (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    Henricia
    Blood star (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Hexagrammo
    Greenling and lingcod (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Holothuroi
    Any species of surface-dwelling cucumber other than Parastichopus (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Hydroida
    Any species of hydroid (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Hydrolagus
    Ratfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Laminarial
    Any kelp species (attached) (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Majidae
    Any spider crab (kelps and decorators) (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Mediaster
    Red deep sea star (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Metridium
    Metridium anemones (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Munida
    Squat Lobster of the genus Munida (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    Nudibranch
    Any nudibranch (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    Octopus
    Any octopus (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Ophiodon
    Fish from the genus Ophiodon (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    Ophiurida
    Any brittle star (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Paguroidea
    Any hermit crabs (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Parasticho
    Giant sea cucumber (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Pectinidae
    Rock and swimming scallops (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Phaeophyco
    Any brown algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    physical_o
    Physical object (eg bottle or tire) (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Pisaster
    Any Pisaster (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Pleuronect
    Any flatfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Porifera
    Any sponges (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Ptilosarcu
    Orange sea pens (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Pycnopodia
    Sunflower star (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Rajiformes
    Skates and rays (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Rhodophyco
    Any red algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Rossia
    Genus of Cephalopod (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    Sebastes
    Any rockfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Solaster
    Any sunstar (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Squalomorp
    Dogfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Stichaeida
    Any prickleback, warbonnet (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Strongyloc
    Red sea urchin (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Subsellifl
    Any sea whip (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    tubeworm
    Colonial and solitary tube worms (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Zoarcidae
    Any eelpout (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    Zostera_ma
    Eelgrass (Source: M.N. Dethier)
    ValueDefinition
    0Denote absence of the species or feature
    1Denote presence of the species or feature
    CRUISE_ID
    Video cruise ID (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    K109WOUSGS field activity on the R/V Karluk in 2009
    K111PSUSGS field activity on the R/V Karluk in 2011
    M111PSUSGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2011
    M112PSUSGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2012
    M212PSUSGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2012
    DEPTH_M
    Water depth in meters (Source: NOAA)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-174.9
    Maximum:-1.8
    Units:Decimal meters below NAVD88 sea level
    Resolution:0.1

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Guy R. Cochrane
    • Andrew C. Ritchie
    • Timothy O. Hodson
    • Kristine J. Kull
    • Megan N. Dethier
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data were used to ground truth a supervised classification of multibeam echosounder (MBES) data into Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standards (CMECS) polygons. This project was conducted to map surficial geology and benthic habitat These data are intended for fisheries managers, science researchers, students, policy makers, and the public. These data can be used in GIS and statistical analysis projects, or other software to spatially identify geomorphologic biota, surficial lithology, and biotopes in the study area.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2011 (process 1 of 2)
    VARS Annotation software, created by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute was used to play and annotate video footage that was captured either by ROV (aboard R/V Molluscan) or camera sled (aboard R/V Karluk). The software allowed a set of ‘organism buttons’ for recording observed biota to be custom built by Meghan Dethier, Kristine Kull, and Andrew Ritchie from the VARS software Knowledge Base lists. All video analysis was done by one observer (Kull) for consistency. Once each minute, the name (button) of identified organisms was clicked/annotated in VARS. Anytime between the start (m:00) and end (m:59) of a minute, the observer clicked a particular name button only once regardless of how many times that organism was observed during the minute. The observation file was converted from a comma-delimited file to a point shapefile.
    Date: 16-May-2023 (process 2 of 2)
    Edits were made to correct spelling in author name. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. (scochran@usgs.gov)
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Cochrane, Guy R., 2014, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series Data Catalog: Data Series DS 935, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Cochrane, G.R., compiler, 2014, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 935
    Anderson, Tara J., 2007, A rapid method to characterize seabed habitats and associated macro-organisms.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Anderson, T.J., Cochrane, G.R., Roberts, D.A., Chezar, H., and Hatcher, G., 2007, A rapid method to characterize seabed habitats and associated macro-organisms, in Todd, B.J., and Greene, H.G., eds., Mapping the seafloor for habitat characterization: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 47, p. 71-79.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Position of the towed camera are based on shipboard GPS. No corrections for layback were made. Depth values are from the DEM published along with this dataset. The accuracy of substrate and biota observations can not be quantified.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Highly variable, on the order of 10 meters. Horizontal position given is ship position. Towed camera can be on the order of 10 meters distance from the ship during deployment.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Observation are from one-minute intervals. Some gaps in observations are due to technical problems or sediment dispersion reducing the visibility.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in shapefile format (VideoObservations_OffshoreTacoma.shp and associated files) contained in a single zip file (VideoObservations_OffshoreTacoma.zip).
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with GIS software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-May-2023
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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