Underwater video observations offshore of Tacoma, Washington

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?
Who produced the data set?
Why was the data set created?
How was the data set created?
How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
How can someone get a copy of the data set?
Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

Title: Underwater video observations offshore of Tacoma, Washington
Abstract:

This part of USGS Data Series 935 (Cochrane, 2014) presents observations from underwater video collected in the Offshore of Tacoma, Washington, map area, a part of the Southern Salish Sea Map Series. To validate the interpretations of sonar data in order to turn it into geologically and biologically useful information, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) towed a camera sled over specific locations throughout the Tacoma map area to collect video and photographic data that would “ground truth” the seafloor. The ground-truth survey conducted in the Tacoma map area occurred in 2009 and 2011 on the R/V Karluk (USGS field activity K109PS, and K0111PS) and on the Washington State Department of Fish and Game R/V Molluscan in 2011 and 2012 (USGS field activity M0111PS, M0112PS, and M0212PS). The camera sled was towed 1 to 2 m above the seafloor at speeds of between 1 and 2 nautical miles/hour. The surveys for this map area includes approximately 30 hours (47 trackline km) of video.

Supplemental_Information:

Additional information about the USGS field activities from which some of these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K109WO https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K0111PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0111PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0112PS https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=M0212PS
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.

How might this data set be cited?
Cochrane, Guy R., Ritchie, Andrew C., Hodson, Timothy O., Kull, Kristine J., and Dethier, Megan N., 20230315, Underwater video observations offshore of Tacoma, Washington: data release DOI:10.5066/P9KA6GH2, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KA6GH2
This is part of the following larger work.
Cochrane, Guy R., 2023, Multibeam echo sounder, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of Tacoma, Washington: data release DOI:10.5066/P9KA6GH2, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KA6GH2
What geographic area does the data set cover?
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.77379
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.395955
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.34923
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.110177
What does it look like?

VideoObservations_OffshoreTacoma.jpg (JPEG)
Shaded-relief map showing camera tracklines of underwater video collected in the Offshore of Tacoma map area
Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

Beginning_Date: 07-May-2009

Ending_Date: 10-Aug-2012

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition
What is the general form of this data set?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
How does the data set represent geographic features?
1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
  This is a point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
  - Point (1876)
2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  The map projection used is NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N.
  
  Projection parameters:
  
  Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
  Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
  Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
  False_Easting: 500000.0
  False_Northing: 0.0
  
  Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
  Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
  Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
  Planar coordinates are specified in degrees
  The horizontal datum used is D North American 1983.
  The ellipsoid used is GRS 1980.
  The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
  The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
  Altitude_System_Definition:
  Altitude_Datum_Name: instantaneous sealevel
  Altitude_Resolution: 0.1
  Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
  Altitude_Encoding_Method:
  Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

How does the data set describe geographic features?

Tacoma map area substrate and biota shapefile

File of physical habitat and biota presence with x and y coordinates (Source: Producer defined)

FID

Internal feature number (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated

Shape

feature type (Source: ESRI) Point feature of physical habitat and biota presence with x, y and z coordinates

DATE

Month, day, year format (Source: USGS)

Range of values
Minimum:	5/9/2009
Maximum:	8/10/2012
Units:	Days
Resolution:	1

UTC_TIME

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) also commonly referred to as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) in HH:MM:SS format (Source: USGS)

Range of values
Minimum:	00:00:23
Maximum:	23:58:57
Units:	seconds
Resolution:	1

LONGITUDE

geographic x coordinate in NAD 83 degrees (Source: ESRI)

Range of values
Minimum:	-122.7746
Maximum:	-122.3933
Units:	Decimal degrees
Resolution:	0.0001

LATITUDE

geographic y coordinate in NAD 83 degrees (Source: ESRI)

Range of values
Minimum:	47.1114
Maximum:	47.349
Units:	Decimal degrees
Resolution:	0.0001

MAJOR_GEO

Primary substrate constitutes greater than fifty percent of the seafloor during an observation. The values are based on the Wentworth scale except that granule and pebble sizes have been grouped together into a class called "gravel," and clay and silt sizes have been grouped together into a class called "mud" (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
b	boulder (409.6 cm to 25.5 cm)
c	cobble (25.5 cm to 6.5 cm)
g	gravel (6.5 cm to .2 cm)
m	mud (.00625 cm or smaller)
r	Exposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
s	sand (.2 cm to .00625 cm)

MINOR_GEO

Secondary substrates constitute greater than twenty percent of the seafloor during an observation. The classes are based on the Wentworth scale except that granule and pebble sizes have been grouped together into a class called "gravel," and clay and silt sizes have been grouped together into a class called "mud" (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
b	boulder (409.6 cm to 25.5 cm)
c	cobble (25.5 cm to 6.5 cm)
g	gravel (6.5 cm to .2 cm)
m	mud (.00625 cm or smaller)
r	Exposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
s	sand (.2 cm to .00625 cm)

SUBST_CLAS

CMECS substrate class. (Source: CMECS)

Value	Definition
Rock	Exposed bedrock and megaclast (larger than 409.6 cm)
Unconsolidated Mineral	Geologic substrates with less than 50% cover of Rock Substrate. This substrate class provides Folk (1954) terminology to describe any mix of loose mineral substrate occurring at any range of sizes from boulders to clay.

SUBST_SBCL

CMECS substrate subclass (Source: CMECS)

Value	Definition
Bedrock	Substrate with largely continuous formations of bedrock covering 50 percent or more of the geologic substrate surface
Coarse	Substrate surface layer contains any amount of gravel (particles greater than or equal to 2 mm), from a single granule to 100 percent boulders
Fine	Substrate surface layer contains no trace of gravel (particles greater than or equal to 2mm)

Ascidiacea

Any species of tunicate (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Asteriidae

Mottled, rainbow, black sea stars (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Balanophyl

Cup corals (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Bivalvia

Any bivalve species not scallops, probably mostly mussels (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

bony_fish

Any fish of the superclass Osteichthyes that is not on the list of specific fishes used for this project. (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Brachiopod

Brachipoda (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Bryozoa

Any Bryozoan, epilithic or epiphytica (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Cancer

Any crabs in the Cancer genus (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Caridea

Any shrimp (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Cerianthid

Any burrowing anemone (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Chlorophyc

Any green algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Cottidae

Any sculpin (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

driftweed

Any unattached kelp or other algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

eggcase

Any egg case including gastropod, shark or ray (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

encrusting

Any encrusting invertebrate or corallines (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Fucus

Rockweed Fucus (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Gadiformes

Any cod or pollock species (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Gastropoda

Any gastropod other than nudibranchs (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Gobiidae

Fish from the Goby fish family (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature

Henricia

Blood star (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Hexagrammo

Greenling and lingcod (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Holothuroi

Any species of surface-dwelling cucumber other than Parastichopus (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Hydroida

Any species of hydroid (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Hydrolagus

Ratfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Laminarial

Any kelp species (attached) (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Majidae

Any spider crab (kelps and decorators) (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Mediaster

Red deep sea star (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Metridium

Metridium anemones (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Munida

Squat Lobster of the genus Munida (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature

Nudibranch

Any nudibranch (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature

Octopus

Any octopus (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Ophiodon

Fish from the genus Ophiodon (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature

Ophiurida

Any brittle star (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Paguroidea

Any hermit crabs (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Parasticho

Giant sea cucumber (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Pectinidae

Rock and swimming scallops (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Phaeophyco

Any brown algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

physical_o

Physical object (eg bottle or tire) (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Pisaster

Any Pisaster (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Pleuronect

Any flatfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Porifera

Any sponges (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Ptilosarcu

Orange sea pens (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Pycnopodia

Sunflower star (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Rajiformes

Skates and rays (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Rhodophyco

Any red algae (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Rossia

Genus of Cephalopod (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature

Sebastes

Any rockfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Solaster

Any sunstar (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Squalomorp

Dogfish (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Stichaeida

Any prickleback, warbonnet (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Strongyloc

Red sea urchin (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Subsellifl

Any sea whip (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

tubeworm

Colonial and solitary tube worms (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Zoarcidae

Any eelpout (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

Zostera_ma

Eelgrass (Source: M.N. Dethier)

Value	Definition
0	Denote absence of the species or feature
1	Denote presence of the species or feature

CRUISE_ID

Video cruise ID (Source: USGS)

Value	Definition
K109WO	USGS field activity on the R/V Karluk in 2009
K111PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Karluk in 2011
M111PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2011
M112PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2012
M212PS	USGS field activity on the R/V Molluscan in 2012

DEPTH_M

Water depth in meters (Source: NOAA)

Range of values
Minimum:	-174.9
Maximum:	-1.8
Units:	Decimal meters below NAVD88 sea level
Resolution:	0.1

Who produced the data set?

Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
- Guy R. Cochrane
- Andrew C. Ritchie
- Timothy O. Hodson
- Kristine J. Kull
- Megan N. Dethier
Who also contributed to the data set?
To whom should users address questions about the data?

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data were used to ground truth a supervised classification of multibeam echosounder (MBES) data into Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standards (CMECS) polygons. This project was conducted to map surficial geology and benthic habitat These data are intended for fisheries managers, science researchers, students, policy makers, and the public. These data can be used in GIS and statistical analysis projects, or other software to spatially identify geomorphologic biota, surficial lithology, and biotopes in the study area.

How was the data set created?

From what previous works were the data drawn?
How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

Date: 2011 (process 1 of 2)
VARS Annotation software, created by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute was used to play and annotate video footage that was captured either by ROV (aboard R/V Molluscan) or camera sled (aboard R/V Karluk). The software allowed a set of ‘organism buttons’ for recording observed biota to be custom built by Meghan Dethier, Kristine Kull, and Andrew Ritchie from the VARS software Knowledge Base lists. All video analysis was done by one observer (Kull) for consistency. Once each minute, the name (button) of identified organisms was clicked/annotated in VARS. Anytime between the start (m:00) and end (m:59) of a minute, the observer clicked a particular name button only once regardless of how many times that organism was observed during the minute. The observation file was converted from a comma-delimited file to a point shapefile.
Date: 16-May-2023 (process 2 of 2)
Edits were made to correct spelling in author name. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. (scochran@usgs.gov)
What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
Cochrane, Guy R., 2014, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series Data Catalog: Data Series DS 935, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.3133/ds935
Other_Citation_Details:
Cochrane, G.R., compiler, 2014, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 935

Anderson, Tara J., 2007, A rapid method to characterize seabed habitats and associated macro-organisms.

Other_Citation_Details:
Anderson, T.J., Cochrane, G.R., Roberts, D.A., Chezar, H., and Hatcher, G., 2007, A rapid method to characterize seabed habitats and associated macro-organisms, in Todd, B.J., and Greene, H.G., eds., Mapping the seafloor for habitat characterization: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 47, p. 71-79.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

How well have the observations been checked?
Position of the towed camera are based on shipboard GPS. No corrections for layback were made. Depth values are from the DEM published along with this dataset. The accuracy of substrate and biota observations can not be quantified.
How accurate are the geographic locations?
Highly variable, on the order of 10 meters. Horizontal position given is ship position. Towed camera can be on the order of 10 meters distance from the ship during deployment.
How accurate are the heights or depths?
Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
Observation are from one-minute intervals. Some gaps in observations are due to technical problems or sediment dispersion reducing the visibility.
How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
No checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints	None
Use_Constraints	USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in shapefile format (VideoObservations_OffshoreTacoma.shp and associated files) contained in a single zip file (VideoObservations_OffshoreTacoma.zip).
What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

How can I download or order the data?

Availability in digital form:

Data format:	Zip file contains the point shapefile and a symbology layer file (.lyr) in format shapefile (version ArcGIS 10.8.1) Esri polygon shapefile Size: 124
Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KA6GH2 https://doi.org/10.3133/ds935

Cost to order the data: None.

What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
These data can be viewed with GIS software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:: Last modified: 16-May-2023
Metadata author:: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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