Water level, temperature, and salinity time-series data from nearshore coral reef locations along the west coast of Hawaii Island (2010-2011)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Water level, temperature, and salinity time-series data from nearshore coral reef locations along the west coast of Hawaii Island (2010-2011)
Abstract:
Time-series data of water level, water temperature, and salinity were collected at 10 locations along west Hawaii Island between 2010 and 2011 in nearshore coral reef settings. Conductivity-temperature-depth sensors were attached to fossil limestone, rock, or dead coral within otherwise healthy coral reef settings spanning water depths of 8 to 23 ft. Continuous measurements were made every 10 or 20 minutes.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K110BI (initial deployment of instruments) https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K210BI https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=B0111BI https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=B0211BI https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K0611BI
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Grossman, Eric E., and Marrack, Lisa, 2019, Water level, temperature, and salinity time-series data from nearshore coral reef locations along the west coast of Hawaii Island (2010-2011): data release DOI: 10.5066/F7154FJQ, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Grossman, Eric E., and Marrack, Lisa, 2019, Nearshore water properties and estuary conditions along the coral reef coastline of west Hawaii Island (2010-2014): data release DOI: 10.5066/F7154FJQ, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.03822
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.90573
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.88925
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.42276
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/597a171fe4b0ec1a488bb1c0?name= WaterLevel-Temp-SalinityTimeSeries_SensorLocationMap.png&allowOpen=true (PNG)
    map of sensor locations
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 24-Jun-2010
    Ending_Date: 09-Nov-2011
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition at time data were collected
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (110749)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-6. Longitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-6. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    WaterLevel-Temp-SalinityTimeSeries.csv
    Table of data in CSV format (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Site
    Alphanumeric code in XX# format, where the characters designate the sample site location, and the number (1, 2, or 3) denotes the randomly placed transect at that location. Samples were not collected at every location during each time period, therefore datasets may not use all of the listed codes. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    AG1Alula 1 (near the mouth of Honaunau Harbor)
    FF1Freeze Face 1
    HBNHonaunau Bay North
    HBSHonaunau Bay South
    KB1Kailua Bay 1
    KB3Kailua Bay 3
    KC3BKaloko Cut 3B
    KC5Kaloko Cut 5
    KOKaloko Cut Outer
    KWNKeawaiki North
    DateTime
    Date in YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm format and local (Hawaii) time in 24-hr format (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2010/6/24 0:00
    Maximum:2011/11/09 23:50
    Units:YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm
    Depth_m
    Depth in meters (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.57
    Maximum:6.88
    Units:meters
    Temperature_C
    Temperature in degrees Celsius (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:24.48
    Maximum:27.72
    Units:Celsius
    Specific_Conductance_mS/cm
    Specific Conductance in microSiemens per centimeter (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:37.14
    Maximum:55.27
    Units:S/cm
    Salinity_psu
    Salinity in practical salinity units (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:23.50
    Maximum:36.64
    Units:psu
    FAN
    Alphanumeric code designating USGS Field Activity Number (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    K-02-10-BIUSGS Field Activity Number K-02-10-BI. For more information about this field activity, go to: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K0213BI
    B-01-11-BIUSGS Field Activity Number K- B-01-11-BI. For more information about this field activity, go to: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=K110BI
    B-02-11-BIUSGS Field Activity Number K- B-02-11-BI. For more information about this field activity, go to: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=B0211BI
    B-06-11-BIUSGS Field Activity Number K- B-06-11-BI. For more information about this field activity, go to: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=B0611BI
    Latitude
    Latitude in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:19.42276
    Maximum:19.88925
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-156.03822
    Maximum:-155.90573
    Units:decimal degrees
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Eric E. Grossman
    • Lisa Marrack
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Continuous quantitative data from a range of depths and distances from shore were collected to characterize the temporal and spatial variability in water temperatures and salinity that influence coral reef habitats, coral health and the vulnerability of coral to bleaching. These data also establish important baseline information with which to track and identify changes owing to climate and land use change, including changes in runoff of terrestrial water and contaminants that can affect the quality of habitat for corals, fish and other wildlife of concern. Along the arid west coast of Hawaii Island terrestrial inputs of water occur primarily in the form of groundwater and this study focused on examining the extent that groundwater inputs to the coast influences coral reef water temperatures, coral health, and potential cold water refugia where corals may find resilience in light of observed increases in global coral bleaching associated with rising sea surface temperatures.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2016 (process 1 of 3)
    VanEssen CTD-Diver data loggers were attached to the seafloor beginning in June 2010. Continuous measurements of water conductivity, temperature, and depth were made throughout sequential instrument turn-arounds and deployments until November 2011. Outliers associated with sensor out of water or biofouling were removed. Water depth was determined by removing atmospheric pressure from total pressure measured by the sensor. Conductivity was measured either as conductivity or specific conductance (conductivity at 25 degrees C) and converted to salinity following PSS-78 protocols (UNESCO, 1983).
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 2 of 3)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2021 (process 3 of 3)
    Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Susan A. Cochran
    Geologist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    UNESCO, 1983, Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater.: journal article UNESCO technical papers in marine science, vol. 44, p. 1-55, UNESCO, Paris, France.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Stated accuracies of the VanEssen CTD-Diver data logger are as follows: temperature = +/- 0.1 degrees Celsius; conductivity = +/- 1% of reading in mS/cm; depth = +/- 0.5 cm H2O. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Stated horizontal accuracy of the Garmin GPS is +/- 3.2 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Stated vertical accuracy of the Suunto Dive Computer is+/- 0.3 m.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data are complete as presented. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in comma-separated format (WaterLevel-Temp-SalinityTimeSeries.csv), along with a map of sample locations (WaterLevel-Temp-SalinityTimeSeries_SensorLocationMap.png) and CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata (WaterLevel-Temp-SalinityTimeSeries_metadata.xml).
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with any text-reader software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7154FJQ/WaterLevel-Temp-SalinityTimeSeries_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Thu Oct 14 14:47:20 2021