X-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Isabelle M. Shapiro
Originator: Kira Mizell
Originator: James Hein
Originator: Amy Gartman
Publication_Date: 20260122
Title:

X-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13VZZEY

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Isabelle M. Shapiro
Originator: Kira Mizell
Originator: James R. Hein
Originator: Amy Gartman
Publication_Date: 2026
Title:

Geochemistry and x-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506

Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P13VZZEY

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Shapiro, I.M., Mizell, K., Hein, J.R., and Gartman, A., 2026, Geochemistry and x-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY

Description:

Abstract:

Hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks were collected via dredge from the Tulaga Seamount, the flank of Ofu Island, and from Soso seamount in the Samoa hotspot region offshore American Samoa during the KM0506 cruise aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in April of 2005. Rocks were subsampled at USGS and analyzed for mineralogy by x-ray diffraction. Powder x-ray diffraction data for the hydrothermal samples are provided here. Location information (longitude, latitude, and depth) for each sample is included in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file as well is in the co-released geochemistry data table. We acknowledge the National Science Foundation for funding cruise KM0506 during which these rocks were collected (Grant OCE-0351437).

Purpose:

These data serve to expand the knowledge and statistics for deep ocean seabed mineral occurrences and their composition throughout the global ocean.

Supplemental_Information:

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20050404
Ending_Date: 20250403

Currentness_Reference:

Date that the samples were collected through last process step was completed

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.24
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -169.434
North_Bounding_Coordinate: -13.768
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.392

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Nonliving Resources
Theme_Keyword: Material Resources
Theme_Keyword: Mineral Resources
Theme_Keyword: Physical/Chemical Features

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: dredge sampling
Theme_Keyword: X-ray diffraction
Theme_Keyword: metallic mineral resources
Theme_Keyword: marine geology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: mineralogy
Theme_Keyword: mineral resources
Theme_Keyword: marine geology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Global Ocean Mineral Resources
Theme_Keyword: mineralogical analysis

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:680ab34cd4be0258eebab6ba

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: Territory of American Samoa
Place_Keyword: Ofu Island

Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Mac OS Ventura 13.7.4, Microsoft Excel 16.95.4 for Mac

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

X-ray diffraction data were tested for accuracy by intermittently analyzing a powdered quartz reference sample to verify the one hundred intensity peak at 26.6 degree two-theta. When the quartz peak was in the proper position, we infer that other measured peak positions in the sample are accurate. Peak intensities are considered semiquantitative since no quantitative standards were analyzed for this dataset.

Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
Completeness_Report:

Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with the ship's GPS navigation, which is accurate to less than 5 m.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The singular value for water depth for each sample was calculated from shipboard dredge log records to account for ship-based depth soundings, the length of dredge wire out, movement by the ship, approximate seamount slope, and multiple bites of the dredge along each dredge track in order to maximize location accuracy. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Rock samples were collected via dredge on R/V Kilo Moana from Samoa hotspot region and shipped to USGS scientists by mail after returning to shore.

Process_Date: 20050405

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

At the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Marine Minerals Lab, bulk portions, individual layers, or other parts of rock samples were subsampled using a ceramic knife and then ground using an agate mortar and pestle to approximately 75 micrometer fineness.

Process_Date: 20060201

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Powdered samples were backloaded and tamped into sample holders and run in a Panalytical X Pert3 x-ray diffractometer (XRD; https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/) with CuK-alpha radiation and graphite monochromator. Measurements were taken with a step size of 0.02 degrees two-theta between 5 degrees and 70 degrees two-theta and power of 40 kilovolts and 45 milliamps.

Process_Date: 20060215

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Results from the diffraction analyses were combined into a comma-delimited text values document (KM0506_hydorthemal_Mn_XRD_data.csv).

Process_Date: 20250403

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3350

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: KM0506_hydorthemal_Mn_XRD_data.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:

Comma-delimited file containing results from x-ray diffraction analyses of hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks. Location information for the samples are included in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file. The header for each column of diffraction data is a sample name, which follows the scheme of dredge number, followed by a dash, followed by the rock number and subsample letter.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pos_2theta
Attribute_Definition:

The two-theta angle at which the x-ray diffractometer measured the X-ray diffraction of the powdered sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: instrument defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.01
Range_Domain_Maximum: 70.99
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: 107-24A
Attribute_Definition:

X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-24A is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer interval is 0-4 mm.