Benthic habitat map of the geomorphological structure, biological cover, and geologic zonation of Olowalu reef, Maui

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Benthic habitat map of the geomorphological structure, biological cover, and geologic zonation of Olowalu reef, Maui

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9ICJ7CF

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Heberer, L.N., Alkins, K.C., Storlazzi, C.D., Cochran, S.A., Gibbs, A.E., Sparks, R., Silva, I., Stone, K., Martinez, T., and Peralto, C., 2025, Benthic habitat map of the geomorphological structure, biological cover, and geologic zonation of Olowalu reef, Maui: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ICJ7CF.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ICJ7CF
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64304b5dd34ee8d4add5bb1d

Description:

Abstract:

This shapefile contains habitat polygons identifying the dominant and major geomorphological structure, biological type and percent cover, and geologic zone for 11 square kilometers of Olowalu reef off west-central Maui at a minimum mapping unit of 100 square meters. Habitats were mapped with heads-up digitization using the NOAA Habitat Digitizer Extension in ArcMap (Esri, v.10.8.2). Seafloor characteristics were based on visual interpretation of 3-band (red, green, blue) 0.5m satellite orthoimagery, 1-m-resolution acoustic backscatter imagery, lidar-derived digital bathymetric models (DBM) at 1-, 4-, and 8-m resolutions, and various surface morphometric layers derived from the three DBMs (relative position, aspect, rugosity, slope). Ground reference (n=870) and accuracy assessment (n=216) images of the seafloor were extracted from live video taken by a vessel-towed camera sled surveying shore-normal transects in waters 10-40 m depth. These data accompany the following report: Heberer, L.N., Alkins, K.C., Storlazzi, C.D., Cochran, S.A., Gibbs, A.E., Sparks, R., Stone, C., Silva, I., Martinez, T., Peralto, C., Levine, A., Stow, D., and Maloney, J., 2025, Benthic habitat map of Olowalu Reef, Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1010, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr/20251010.

Purpose:

These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. This shapefile can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) or other software to display the nearshore benthic habitat of Olowalu reef, Maui.

Supplemental_Information:

Additional information about the USGS field activities from which these data were derived are available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=A0211MU https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=A0113HW
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2011
Ending_Date: 2023

Currentness_Reference:

Seafloor reference imagery collected in 2011, mapping completed in 2023

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.634297
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.560569
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.822643
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.773125

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: boundaries
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: environment

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: Substrate
Theme_Keyword: Habitat

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: benthic ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: habitats
Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: remote sensing

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: coral reef communities
Theme_Keyword: geographic information systems (GIS)

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Coral Reefs

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:64304b5dd34ee8d4add5bb1d

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: State of Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Maui
Place_Keyword: Olowalu
Place_Keyword: Olowalu Beach
Place_Keyword: Hekili Point
Place_Keyword: Punahona
Place_Keyword: Ukumehame
Place_Keyword: Kailiili Beach
Place_Keyword: Papalaua
Place_Keyword: United States of America

Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:

These data are not intended for navigational purposes. USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Olowalu_bhabs.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Image showing benthic habitat types offshore Olowalu, Maui, Hawai’i

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 11 Home Version 10.0.22621 Build 22621; Esri ArcMap 10.8.2 Shapefile Feature Class

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Liana N. Heberer
Originator: Kristen C. Alkins
Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi
Originator: Susan A. Cochran
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Russell Sparks
Originator: Itana Silva
Originator: Kristy Stone
Originator: Tatiana Martinez
Originator: Cole Peralto
Originator: Tim Battista
Originator: Bryan Costa
Originator: Cole Peralto
Originator: Arielle S. Levine
Originator: Douglas Stow
Originator: Jillian Maloney
Publication_Date: 2025
Title:

Benthic habitat map of the geomorphological structure, biological cover, and geologic zonation of Olowalu reef, Maui, determined with integrated spectral, acoustic, and lidar data

Other_Citation_Details:

Heberer, L.N., Alkins, K.C., Storlazzi, C.D., Cochran, S.A., Gibbs, A.E., Sparks, R., Stone, C., Silva, I., Martinez, T., Peralto, C., Levine, A., Stow, D., and Maloney, J., 2025, Benthic habitat map of Olowalu Reef, Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1010, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr/20251010.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr/20251010

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Georeferenced in situ underwater images extracted from vessel-towed video surveys of the seafloor were used as ground reference (n=870, 80 percent of images) and accuracy assessment (n=216, 20 percent of images), all of which were validated by the Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources. Final thematic accuracy was 88 percent for major structure, 86 percent for dominant structure, 86 percent for major biological cover, and 79 percent for percentage of major biological cover.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Data quality control (QC) included correction of topology errors, such as polygon overlap, and logical attribution errors, such as inconsistent UNIQUEID codes.

Completeness_Report:

Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Habitat was digitized at a 100 square meter Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) at a digitizing scale averaging 1:1,000. Digitization was based on satellite imagery with a 0.154 m RMS accuracy at a 95 percent confidence level as determined by DigitalGlobe, and bathymetric lidar with a +/-3.50-6.50 m horizontal accuracy, as determined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

There has not been a formal accuracy assessment of vertical position in this dataset and/or is not applicable.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: DigitalGlobe
Publication_Date: 20121119
Title: WorldView-2 satellite imagery
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: DigitalGlobe

Online_Linkage: http://evwhs.digitalglobe.com

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20121119

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WV2
Source_Contribution:

WorldView-2 satellite imagery was used as a base layer to begin drawing polygons for benthic habitat interpretation. See the accompanying U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report for a complete description of orthoimagery used in the mapping project.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX)

Publication_Date: 20131125
Title: Lidar bathymetry data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: USACE JALBTCX

Online_Linkage: https://jalbtcx.usace.army.mil

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20131016
Ending_Date: 20131125

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Lidar
Source_Contribution:

Lidar data were used as a layer to assist in drawing polygons for benthic habitat interpretation. See the accompanying U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report for a complete description of lidar data used in the mapping project.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Gibbs, Ann E.
Originator: Finlayson, David P.
Originator: Dartnell, Peter
Publication_Date: 20231130
Title:

Swath bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data collected in 2013 offshore Maui and Kaho’olawe, Hawaii, during field activity A-01-13-HW

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Digital Data Set
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XJLL6C

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20130206
Ending_Date: 20130212

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Acoustic
Source_Contribution:

Swath backscatter and bathymetry data were used to assist in drawing polygons for benthic habitat interpretation. See the accompanying U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report for a complete description of lidar data used in the mapping project.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Gibbs, Ann E.
Originator: Cochran, Susan A.
Originator: Tierney, Peter W.
Publication_Date: 20130204
Title:

Seafloor video footage and still-frame grabs from U.S. Geological Survey cruises in Hawaiian nearshore waters

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Digital Data Set
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds735

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20110319
Ending_Date: 20110321

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Acoustic
Source_Contribution:

Seafloor video and stills were used to assist in drawing polygons for benthic habitat interpretation. See the accompanying U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report for a complete description of the seafloor imagery data used in the mapping project.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: 20120802
Title: ArcGIS - Habitat Digitizer Extension (ArcGIS 10.0)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Computer Program
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Redlands, CA
Publisher: Esri

Online_Linkage:

http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=aaa88d03d6cd499db77f663bdcb77173

Type_of_Source_Media: Software
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20120802

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Habitat-digitizing extension v.10.0
Source_Contribution:

Habitat digitizer extension v.10.0 (downloaded 23 Aug 2021) was used in ArcGIS v.10.3 as a tool to assist with digitizing polygons and assigning attributes. See accompanying report for complete details.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The benthic maps were digitized using a heads-up digitizing method. A minimum mapping unit of 100 square meters was using with the exception of smaller features carrying unique habitat significance (for example, an individual coral colony 2 m in diameter in an otherwise uncolonized area) or when caused by subdividing a habitat polygon that traversed more than one geographic zone. As input to guide the digitizing, the following datasets were used: satellite orthoimagery, lidar bathymetry, acoustic imagery, and seafloor video and stills. The draft map was created and randomly selected still images (independently classified) that were not used as part of the interpretation were used to assess the accuracy of the polygons. Any necessary corrections were made to the mapped polygons, and the final interpretation was created. See the accompanying U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report for a complete description of the process flow used in the mapping project.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:

All Source Contributions listed in the Lineage section of the metadata file were used in the interpretation of the benthic map polygons.

Process_Date: 20211201

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The metadata file was edited to correct an originator name. No data were changed. (mau@usgs.gov)

Process_Date: 20250520

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-Polygon
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 683

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD_1983_PA11
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: USGS_Olowalu_Benthic_Habitat_2023
Entity_Type_Definition:

The benthic habitat of Olowalu reef is categorized by major geomorphological structure, dominant geomorphological structure, major biological cover, percent of major biological cover, and reef zonation.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: UNIQUEID
Attribute_Definition:

A four-digit code that represents the combination of the individual habitat components where the first digit represents the major structure (M_STRUCT); the second digit represents the dominant structure (D_STRUCT); the third digit represents the major biologic cover (M_COVER); and the fourth digit represents the percent of biologic cover (P_COVER). Each of these attributes has a text value that is also represented by a numeric value, so that the UNIQUEID is a compilation of the numerical values. See accompanying Open-File Report for complete details.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Classification Scheme
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Attributes are modified from NOAA/NOS (National Ocean Service) benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: M_STRUCT
Attribute_Definition:

Major structure or underlying substrate within the defined polygon. This is represented by the numeric code found in the 1st number position of the UNIQUEID. Not all of the following Major structure components exist within this particular dataset.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Attributes are modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Reef and hardbottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 2 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unconsolidated sediment
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 1 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 9 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: D_STRUCT
Attribute_Definition:

Dominant structure within the defined polygon. This is represented by the numeric code found in the 2nd number position of the UNIQUEID. There is a relationship between the Dominant structure and the Major structure. The text value of Unknown is the only text value that can be found in more than one Major structure. In each instance, Unknown is also assigned a numeric value of zero as represented in the UNIQUEID. The remaining text values are unique and only associated with a single Major structure, however the numeric representation of the text value is duplicated. The numeric values of 1 and 2 are represented in the following Major structure classifications: Unconsolidated sediment (represented by a 1 in the 1st number position of the UNIQUEID); Reef and hardbottom (represented by a 2 in the 1st number position of the UNIQUEID); and Other (represented by a 3 in the 1st number position of the UNIQUEID). Not all of the following Dominant structure components exist within this particular dataset.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Scientist. Attributes are modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aggregate reef
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Formations with high relief and complexity, which form an extensive reef structure without sand channels (as found in spur-and-groove). Note that aggregate reef refers to the underlying hard structure and implies nothing about the nature of the biological cover, nor whether it is live or dead. This is represented by 1 in the 2nd number in the UNIQUEID. This text value is only valid if the Major structure is Reef and hardbottom (represented by a 2 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aggregated patch reef
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Clustered coral formations, smaller than the MMU (100 m2 in this study) or too close together to be mapped separately, that are isolated from other coral reef formations by sand, seagrass, or other habitats and that have no organized structural axis relative to the contours of the shore or shelf edge. This is represented by 4 in the 2nd number in the UNIQUEID. This text value is only valid if the Major structure is Reef and hardbottom (represented by a 2 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Individual patch reef
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coral formations, larger than or equal to the minimum mapping unit (MMU) (100 m2 in this study), that are isolated from other coral reef formations by sand, seagrass, or other habitats and that have no organized structural axis relative to the contours of the shore or shelf edge. This is represented by 3 in the 2nd number in the UNIQUEID. This text value is only valid if the Major structure is Reef and hardbottom (represented by a 2 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pavement
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Carbonate or volcanic substrate with <10 percent loose rocks or boulders scattered on the surface. Volcanic substrate may be smooth or irregular, depending on the original lava flow and subsequent erosion patterns. This is represented by 6 in the 2nd number in the UNIQUEID. This text value is only valid if the Major structure is Reef and hardbottom (represented by a 2 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sand
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coarse sediment typically found in areas exposed to currents or high wave energy (reef-derived) or on beaches (land-derived or reef-derived). This is represented by 2 in the 2nd number in the UNIQUEID. This text value is only valid if the Major structure is Unconsolidated sediment (represented by a 1 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Spur-and-groove
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Elongate, alternating sand and coral formations that are oriented perpendicular to the shore or bank/shelf escarpment. The coral formations (spurs) of this feature typically have a high vertical relief relative to the pavement with sand channels class and are separated from each other by 1–5 m of sand or bare pavement (grooves). There are no spur-and-groove formations found in this map area. This is represented by 2 in the 2nd number in the UNIQUEID. This text value is only valid if the Major structure is Reef and hardbottom (represented by a 2 in the 1st number of the UNIQUEID).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 0 in the 2nd number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: M_COVER
Attribute_Definition:

Major biologic cover within the defined polygon. Not all of the following Major biologic cover components exist within this particular dataset.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Scientist. Attributes are modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Coral
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 5 in the 3rd number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Macroalgae
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 2 in the 3rd number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Turf
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 6 in the 3rd number in the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories. This Domaine Value is also known as Turf Algae in other USGS benthic habitat mapping publications.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Uncolonized
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 1 in the 3rd number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 0 in the 3rd number of the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: P_COVER
Attribute_Definition: Percent cover of major biologic cover.
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Scientist. The attributes are modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10-<50%
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 2 in the 4th number in the UNIQUEID
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 50-<90%
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 3 in the 4th number in the UNIQUEID
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 90-100%
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 4 in the 4th number in the UNIQUEID
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is represented by 0 in the 4th number in the UNIQUEID.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: REEF_ZONE
Attribute_Definition:

Location of a habitat community in the coral reef ecosystem. This does not indicate the substrate or biologic cover type. Not all of the following components exist within this particular dataset.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Scientist. Attributes are modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bank/shelf
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A deep-water platform extending offshore from the seaward edge of the fore reef to the beginning of the escarpment where the insular shelf drops off into deep, oceanic water. If no reef crest is present, the bank/shelf is the flattened platform between the shoreline/intertidal zone and deeper ocean offshore. Typical habitats include sand, patch reefs, algae, colonized and uncolonized pavement with and without sand channels, and other coral habitats.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bank/shelf escarpment
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

The edge of the bank/shelf where depth increases rapidly into deep, oceanic water. This zone begins in water depths of about 20–30 m, near the depth limit of features visible in aerial images. This zone captures the transition from the shelf to deep oceanic waters. Typical habitats include sand, aggregate reef, and spur-and-groove.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Channel
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Naturally occurring channels that often cut across several other zones. Typical habitats include sand, mud, and uncolonized pavement.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Fore reef
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Area from the seaward edge of the reef crest that slopes into deeper water to the landward edge of the bank/shelf platform. Fore reef is also defined as features not forming an emergent reef crest but still having a seaward-facing slope that is markedly greater than the slope of the bank/shelf. Typical habitats include aggregate coral reef and spur-and-groove.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Reef crest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Flattened, emergent (especially during low tides) or nearly emergent segment of a reef, usually where the waves break. This zone is between the back reef and fore reef zones of a barrier reef system, and between the reef flat and fore reef of a fringing system. Typical habitats include reef rubble, patch reefs, and aggregate reefs.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Reef flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Without lagoon. Shallow, semi-exposed area between the shoreline/intertidal zone and the reef crest of a fringing reef system. This zone is protected from the high-energy waves commonly experienced on the reef crest and fore reef. The reef flat is not present if there is a lagoon. Typical habitats include sand, reef rubble, pavement, algae, mud, and patch reefs.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Reef hole
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Area in which a visible hole is in the reef. Larger and deeper reef holes are referred to as blue holes because the deeper water inside the reef hole looks darker than the surrounding shallower water. Reef holes typically occur as a result of fresh water dissolution.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:

U.S. Geological Survey Scientist. Modified from NOAA/NOS benthic habitat mapping classification scheme of the U.S. Pacific Territories.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape_Area
Attribute_Definition:

The area, in square meters, of the reef habitat (based on NAD83-PA11).

Attribute_Definition_Source: Software calculated (Esri ArcMap 10.8.2)
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 29.725052
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1158704.13728
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meter

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

These data are available as a shapefile (Olowalu_bhabs.shp) contained in a single zip file (Olowalu_bhabs.zip).

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: Shapefile
Format_Version_Date: 2023
Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains the shapefile.
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied.
Transfer_Size: 0.96

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ICJ7CF

Access_Instructions:

Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data.

Fees: None.

Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any GIS software.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20250520
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P9ICJ7CF/Olowalu_Bhabs.html>