Coral geochemistry time series from Kahekili, west Maui

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title: Coral geochemistry time series from Kahekili, west Maui
Abstract:
Geochemical analysis (including stable boron, boron:calcium ratio, and carbon and oxygen isotopes) were measured from coral cores collected in July 2013 from the shallow reef at Kahekili in Kaanapali, west Maui, Hawaii from scleractinian Porites lobata.
Supplemental_Information:
Coral cores were extracted from Porites sp. colonies from the top surface and at a water depth of 1 to 3 m with a pneumatic drill and diamond bit coring device of 5 cm in diameter by the USGS (J. Logan and N. Prouty). The coral core extraction was performed under the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources, Maui Special Use Permits No. 2012-82 and 2013-29.
Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=A0413MU
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Prouty, Nancy G., and Fietzke, Jan, 20210608, Coral geochemistry time series from Kahekili, west Maui: data release DOI: 10.5066/P9T9WMAK, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.6931617
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.6931574
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.9451400
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.9386345
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 10-Jul-2013
    Ending_Date: 11-Jul-2013
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition at time data were collected.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (558)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is D_WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    A comma-delimited text file with the first line being a header line.
    Output geochemical analysis of coral core. (Source: Producer defined.)
    Coral Head1
    Sample ID of coral core sent to GEOMAR lab for boron analysis. (Source: Producer defined.) Unique coral core sample identification as described in Prouty and others (2017).
    Latitude1
    Latitude of coral core sent to GEOMAR lab for boron analysis. (Source: handheld GPS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.9386
    Maximum:20.9451
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    Longitude1
    Latitude of coral core sent to GEOMAR lab for boron analysis. (Source: handheld GPS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-156.6932
    Maximum:-156.6932
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    Water Depth1
    Water depth below surface of coral core sent to GEOMAR lab for boron analysis. (Source: SCUBA dive watch)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:2
    Units:meters (m)
    Resolution:1
    Distance1
    Cumulative distance from the top of the core to the bottom of the core. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.60
    Maximum:93.00
    Units:millimeter (mm)
    Resolution:0.01
    Age1
    Year and month (1 month=0.083) assigned to sample according to annual density band counts as reported in Prouty and others (2017). (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1986.05
    Maximum:2012.81
    Units:year.month
    Resolution:0.01
    delta-B-11
    delta-B-11 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Boron-11:Boron-10, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). (Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry)
    Range of values
    Minimum:24.03
    Maximum:31.60
    Units:parts per thousand (per mil)
    Resolution:0.01
    B:Ca
    boron to calcium ratio. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:291.47
    Maximum:501.38
    Units:micromoles per mole
    Resolution:0.01
    Coral Head2
    Sample ID of coral core sent to TAMU lab for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed. (Source: Producer defined.) Unique coral core sample identification as described in Prouty and others (2017).
    Latitude2
    Latitude of coral core sent to TAMU lab for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. (Source: handheld GPS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.9386
    Maximum:20.9451
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    Longitude2
    Latitude of coral core sent to TAMU lab for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. (Source: handheld GPS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-156.6932
    Maximum:-156.6932
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    Water Depth2
    Water depth below surface of coral core sent to TAMU lab for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. (Source: SCUBA dive watch)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:2
    Units:meters (m)
    Resolution:1
    Distance2
    Cumulative distance from the top of the core to the bottom of the core. Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:178
    Units:millimeter (mm)
    Resolution:1
    Age2
    Year and month (1 month=0.083) assigned to sample according to annual density band counts as reported in Prouty and others (2017). age assigned to sample according to annual density band counts as reported in Prouty and others (2017). Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1985.40
    Maximum:2012.90
    Units:year.month
    Resolution:0.01
    delta-C-13
    delta-C-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Carbon-13:Carbon-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mil Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed. (Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-3.28
    Maximum:1.55
    Units:parts per thousand (per mil)
    Resolution:0.01
    delta-O-18
    delta-O-18 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Oxygen-13:Oxygen-16, reported in parts per thousand (per mil Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-4.73
    Maximum:-3.07
    Units:parts per thousand (per mil)
    Resolution:0.01
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The first line of the comma-delimited text file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Nancy G. Prouty
    • Jan Fietzke
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    E. Anagnostou, M. Wall (GEOMAR), C. Maupin (Texas A&M), and A. Paytan (UCSC).
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The cores were collected to addresses the relationship between coral reef health and compounding stressors from contaminated submarine groundwater discharge, including the impact of lower pH seawater at Kahekili Beach Park, Kaanapali, in west Maui.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    GEOMAR (source 1 of 2)
    GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020, Coral boron analysis.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Porites sp. coral lab samples
    Source_Contribution:
    delta-B-11 and B:Ca measurements were carried out at GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre of Ocean Research in Kiel, Germany using an ESI New Wave Research UP193FX excimer laser, operating at 193 nm, connected to a Thermo Fisher (former VG) Axiom MC-ICP-MS using the methodology of Fietzke and others 2015.
    TAMU (source 2 of 2)
    University, Texas A&M, 2020, Coral carbon and oxygen isotope analysis.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Porites sp. coral core samples
    Source_Contribution:
    Coral carbon and oxygen isotope analysis (delta-C-13 and delta-O-18) were conducted at the Stable Isotope Geosciences Facility at Texas A&M University at College Station on a Kiel IV, MAT 253 carbonate analyses.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2020 (process 1 of 2)
    Coral cores were extracted from Porites sp. colonies from the top surface and at a water depth of 1 to 3 m with a pneumatic drill and diamond bit coring device of 5 cm in diameter by the USGS (J. Logan and N. Prouty). The coral core extraction was performed under the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources, Maui Special Use Permits No. 2012-82 and 2013-29.
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 2)
    Subsamples, including discretely drilled powders for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, and slabbed (~7 mm thick) coral core sections for boron analysis were analyzed by two external laboratories, and the results were combined into one spreadsheet. Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed. Data sources used in this process:
    • GEOMAR
    • TAMU
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Fietzke, Jan, Ragazzola, Federica, Halfar, Jochen, Dietze, Heiner, Foster, Laura C., Hansteen, Thor Henrik, Eisenhauer, Anton, and Steneck, Robert S., 2015, Century-scale trends and seasonality in pH and temperature for shallow zones of the Bering Sea.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Fietzke, J., Ragazzola, F., Halfar, J., Dietze, H., Foster, L.C., Hansteen, T.H., Eisenhauer, A., and Steneck, R.S., 2015, Century-scale trends and seasonality in pH and temperature for shallow zones of the Bering Sea: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 112(10), p. 2960-2965.
    Prouty, Nancy G., Cohen, Anne, Yates, Kimberly K., Storlazzi, Curt D., Swarzenski, Peter W., and White, Darla, 2017, Vulnerability of coral reefs to bioerosion from land-based sources of polution.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Prouty, N.G., Cohen, A., Yates, K.K., Storlazzi, C.D., Swarzenski, P.W., and White, D., 2017, Vulnerability of coral reefs to bioerosion from land-based sources of pollution: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, v. 122, p. 9319-9331.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All geochemistry data were calibrated against known standards
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with a hand help GPS, with a stated accuracy of less than 3 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Depth was determined using a SCUBA dive computer, with a stated accuracy of 0.3 m.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details. Empty cells are designated by -9999 indicating no analysis was performed.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in a comma-delimited file (Kahekili_coral_geochemistry.csv) which contains the geochemistry results from coral cores collected from Kahekili Beach Park, west Maui, Hawaii.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with any text editor software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 08-Jun-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P9T9WMAK/Kahekili_coral_geochemistry_metadata.faq.html>
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