Radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i
Abstract:
This portion of the data release presents radiocarbon age data from 66 samples collected from Anahola Valley (Kaua'i), Kahana Valley (O'ahu), and Pololu Valley (Hawai'i). Sample ages were determined by the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility. The data are provided in a comma-delimited spreadsheet (.csv).
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-640-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2015-639-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2015-671-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-609-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    SeanPaul M. La Selle, Richmond, Bruce M., Griswold, Frances R., Lunghino, Brent D., Jaffe, Bruce E., Kane, Haunani H., Bellanova, Piero, Arcos, Maria E.M., Nelson, Alan R., Chague, Catherine, Bishop, James M., and Gelfenbaum, Guy R., 2019, Radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i: data release DOI:10.5066/P9X4STJM, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    SeanPaul M. La Selle, Richmond, Bruce M., Griswold, Frances R., Lunghino, Brent D., Jaffe, Bruce E., Kane, Haunani H., Bellanova, Piero, Arcos, Maria E.M., Nelson, Alan R., Chague, Catherine, Bishop, James M., and Gelfenbaum, Guy R., 2019, Core logs, scans, photographs, grain-size, and radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i: data release DOI:10.5066/P9X4STJM, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.31143
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.73273
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.14841
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.20009
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 21-Aug-2014
    Ending_Date: 23-Feb-2017
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition at time the samples were collected
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (66)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Longitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    radiocarbon_anahola_kahana_pololu.csv
    Radiocarbon dates obtained through the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Table includes sample location, sample depth, and description of the material dated. (Source: Producer defined)
    Age
    Radiocarbon age calculated from the delta 13C-corrected Fraction Modern according to the formula: Age = -8033 x ln(Fm). (Source: NOSAMS, Woods Hole, Massachusetts)
    Range of values
    Minimum:30
    Maximum:3640
    Units:Radiocarbon years before 1950 (14C yr BP)
    Age_err
    Radiocarbon age error, 1 sigma, for the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry method of radiocarbon analysis. An internal statistical error determined by using the total number of 14C counts measured for each target. (Source: NOSAMS, Woods Hole, Massachusetts)
    Range of values
    Minimum:15
    Maximum:130
    Units:Radiocarbon years + or - the calculated age
    d13C
    Delta C-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes C-13 : C-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mill, or 0/00). NA=Delta C-13 analyses were not performed. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-29.78
    Maximum:-6.15
    Units:parts per thousand
    Accession_no
    The unique Accession number is an internal lab identifier. OS identifies NOSAMS, the facility that carried out the analyses. (Source: NOSAMS, Woods Hole, Massachusetts) OS- followed by a unique number.
    Site_id
    Name of site from which sediment sample was collected in LocalityYear-CoreID format, where LocalityYear is the first three letters of the field locality (ANA = Anahola; KAH=Kahana; POL=Pololu) followed by the 2-digit year (14=2014; 15=2015; 17=2017), and CoreID is the unique name given to a core. (Source: producer defined) Unique identifier for the site given in the field
    Latitude
    Latitude of sample in decimal degrees, north (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.20009
    Maximum:22.14841
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of sample in decimal degrees, east (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-159.31143
    Maximum:-155.73273
    Units:decimal degrees
    min_Depth_cm
    Upper depth of interval from which sample was collected from core. Depth is in centimeters from the surface. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:60
    Maximum:384.5
    Units:centimeters
    max_Depth_cm
    Lower depth of interval from which sample was collected from core. Depth is in centimeters from the surface. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:61
    Maximum:385.5
    Units:centimeters
    Material_dated
    Description of sample material submitted for radiocarbon dating. Material was hand-picked from hand-driven cores by Rob Witter (USGS), Simon Engelhart (University of Rhode Island), and Adrian Bender (USGS). (Source: producer defined) description of sample

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • SeanPaul M. La Selle
    • Bruce M. Richmond
    • Frances R. Griswold
    • Brent D. Lunghino
    • Bruce E. Jaffe
    • Haunani H. Kane
    • Piero Bellanova
    • Maria E.M. Arcos
    • Alan R. Nelson
    • Catherine Chague
    • James M. Bishop
    • Guy R. Gelfenbaum
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Data were obtained to assess evidence for tsunami inundation, runup, and timing in the Hawaiian Islands. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 21-Nov-2015 (process 1 of 3)
    Cores were collected between November 07, 2015 and November 21, 2015. A handheld global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver was used to determine the locations of sediment samples. Sediments were subsampled from cores by hand in the laboratory at 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 cm vertical intervals.
    Date: 2017 (process 2 of 3)
    Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Samples selected for radiocarbon dating were plant and gastropod macrofossils or bulk sediment collected above and below sand sheets.
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 3 of 3)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The locations of samples were determined using a Garmin etrex 30x handheld global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver capable of receiving wide area augmentation system (WAAS) signals. The manufacturer reported accuracy for horizontal positions is 3-5 m while receiving WAAS signals.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor were they applicable for this dataset.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Delta 13-C analyses were not performed for all samples. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Authoritative source for access to data.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA
United States

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P9X4STJM/radiocarbon_anahola_kahana_pololu_meta.faq.html>
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