Coupled ADCIRC+SWAN simulations of Lake Superior with surface ice cover in February 2020

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What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Sogut, Erdinc, Aretxabaleta, Alfredo, Ashton, Andrew, Sogut, Deniz Velioglu, Doran, Kara S., and Palmsten, Margaret L., 20241118, Coupled ADCIRC+SWAN simulations of Lake Superior with surface ice cover in February 2020: data release DOI:10.5066/P13CJ6DD, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P13CJ6DD

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Suggested citation: Sogut, E., Aretxabaleta, A., Ashton, A.D., Velioglu Sogut, D., Doran, K.S., and Palmsten, M.L., 2024, Coupled ADCIRC+SWAN simulations of Lake Superior with surface ice cover in February 2020: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13CJ6DD.

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -92.2000
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -84.0000
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.5000
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.0000
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: Feb-2020

   Currentness_Reference:

   See Supplemental Info

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

      Hydrodynamic model output. Refer to self-contained netCDF files for more location information.

      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.09. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.13. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

      Depth_System_Definition:

      Depth_Datum_Name:

      The International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD, 1985) low-water datum

      Depth_Resolution: 0.00000001
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
      

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Outputs01.nc

   This dataset consists of the following:i) Measured minimum, mean and maximum surface ice cover (SIC) at each grid point. ii) Measured minimum, mean and maximum surface ice thickness (SIT) at each grid point.
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   lon

   longitude (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-93
   Maximum:	-83
   Units:	degrees
   Resolution:	0.025

   lat

   latitude (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	45
   Maximum:	50
   Units:	degrees
   Resolution:	0.025

   SIC_min

   Minimum surface ice cover at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Value	Definition
   NaN	Data is not available at this grid point.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	%

   SIC_mean

   Mean surface ice cover at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Value	Definition
   NaN	Data is not available at this grid point.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	%

   SIC_max

   Maximum surface ice cover at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Value	Definition
   NaN	Data is not available at this grid point.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	%

   SIT_min

   Minimum surface ice thickness at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Value	Definition
   NaN	Data is not available at this grid point.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.5
   Units:	m

   SIT_mean

   Mean surface ice thickness at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Value	Definition
   NaN	Data is not available at this grid point.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.5
   Units:	m

   SIT_max

   Maximum surface ice thickness at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Value	Definition
   NaN	Data is not available at this grid point.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.5
   Units:	m

   Outputs02.nc

   This dataset consists of the following ADCIRC+SWAN model simulation results from August 1st - October 31st, 2022: i) Water levels at five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level station locations. ii) Wind velocities, wind directions, atmospheric pressures, significant wave heights, peak wave periods, and mean wave directions at three National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoy locations.
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   NDBC_Buoys

   Names of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoys in Lake Superior.

   NDBC_Buoys_lon

   Longitudes of the NDBC wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoys in Lake Superior

   NDBC_Buoys_lat

   Latitudes of the NDBC wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoys in Lake Superior

   NOAA_WL_Stations

   Names of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior. (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior.

   NOAA_WL_Stations_lon

   Longitudes of the NOAA WL stations in Lake Superior. (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior.

   NOAA_WL_Stations_lat

   Latitudes of the NOAA WL stations in Lake Superior. (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior.

   DateTime

   Simulation date and time (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	08/01/2020 01:00
   Maximum:	10/31/2020 21:00
   Units:	hr

   u10

   Simulated wind velocities along East (90°) - West (270°) direction at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-13.9941
   Maximum:	21.9672
   Units:	m/s

   v10

   Simulated wind velocities along North (0°) - South (180°) direction at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-16.2790
   Maximum:	20.1115
   Units:	m/s

   WindDirection

   Simulated wind directions with respect to true North (0°) at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0621
   Maximum:	359.9825
   Units:	deg

   ATMP

   Simulated atmospheric pressures at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	999.4065
   Maximum:	1039.2393
   Units:	hPa

   Hs

   Simulated significant wave heights at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0474
   Maximum:	3.4056
   Units:	m

   Tp

   Simulated peak wave periods at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.1088
   Maximum:	8.1378
   Units:	s

   WaveDirection

   Simulated wave directions at three NDBC wave buoy locations (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.1300
   Maximum:	359.9990
   Units:	deg

   WL

   Simulated water levels at five NOAA water level stations. (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.4466
   Maximum:	0.9187
   Units:	m

   Outputs03.nc

   This dataset consists of the measured surface ice cover (SIC) and thickness (SIT) at five virtual wave buoy and five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level station locations with daily intervals for February 2020.
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   DateTime

   Data date and time (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	01/31/2020 00:00
   Maximum:	03/01/2020 00:00
   Units:	days

   Virtual_Wave_Buoys

   Names of the virtual wave buoys. (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the virtual wave buoys.

   Virtual_Wave_Buoys_lon

   Longitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior

   Virtual_Wave_Buoys_lat

   Latitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior

   Water level stations

   Names of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior. (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior.

   Water_Level_Station_lon

   Longitudes of the NOAA WL stations in Lake Superior. (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior.

   Water_Level_Station_lat

   Latitudes of the NOAA WL stations in Lake Superior. (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior.

   Daily_Ice_Cover

   Surface area of Lake Superior that is covered with surface ice (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.9225
   Maximum:	28.2278
   Units:	%

   Daily_SIC_at_WL_Stations

   Daily surface ice covers at NOAA WL Stations positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	%

   Daily_SIT_at_WL_Stations

   Daily surface ice thickness at NOAA WL Stations positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.4500
   Units:	m

   Daily_SIC_at_Virtual_Buoys

   Daily surface ice covers at virtual wave buoys positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	95
   Units:	%

   Daily_SIT_at_Virtual_Buoys

   Daily surface ice thickness at virtual wave buoys positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.276
   Units:	m

   Outputs04.nc

   This dataset consists of the following ADCIRC+SWAN model simulation results for February 2020: i) Simulated water levels at five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level station locations for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) ii) Simulated significant wave heights (Hs), peak wave periods (Tp), wave directions (Dir), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) wave spectra are provided at five virtual buot locations for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on).
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   DateTime

   Simulation date and time (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	02/01/2020 01:00
   Maximum:	02/29/2020 23:00
   Units:	hour

   Virtual_Wave_Buoys

   Names of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior

   Virtual_Wave_Buoys_lon

   Longitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior

   Virtual_Wave_Buoys_lat

   Latitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the virtual wave buoys in Lake Superior

   NOAA_WL_Stations

   Names of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level (WL) stations in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level stations in Lake Superior

   NOAA_WL_Stations_lon

   Longitudes of the NOAA WL stations in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level stations in Lake Superior

   NOAA_WL_Stations_lat

   Latitudes of the NOAA WL stations in Lake Superior (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level stations in Lake Superior

   Models

   Names of the models (Source: Producer Defined) IF: Ice-free model
   M14: Ice-on model with Meylan et al. (2014) coefficients
   D15: Ice-on model with Doble et al. (2015) coefficients
   R18: Ice-on model with Rogers et al. (2018) coefficients
   M18: Ice-on model with Meylan et al. (2018) coefficients
   H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova et al. (2020)coefficients
   R21: Ice-on model with Rogers et al. (2021) coefficients

   WL

   Water levels at NOAA water level stations positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.2065
   Maximum:	0.8388
   Units:	m

   Hs

   Significant wave heights (Hs) at virtual wave buoys positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3.7515e-04
   Maximum:	3.3150
   Units:	m

   Tp

   Peak wave periods (Tp) at virtual wave buoys positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.8600
   Maximum:	10.2545
   Units:	s

   Dir

   Mean wave directions (Dir) at virtual wave buoys positions (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0068
   Maximum:	359.9394
   Units:	deg

   1DSpec_Freqs

   One-dimensional (1D) wave spectrum frequencies on Feb 17th, 2020 (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0314
   Maximum:	1.4204
   Units:	Hz

   1DSpec

   One-dimensional (1D) wave spectrum on Feb 17th, 2020 (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	7.0950e-12
   Maximum:	1.1300
   Units:	m^2/Hz

   2DSpec_Freqs

   Two-dimensional (2D) wave spectrum frequencies on Feb 17th, 2020 (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0314
   Maximum:	1.4204
   Units:	Hz

   2DSpec_Dir

   Two-dimensional (2D) wave spectrum directions on Feb 17th, 2020 (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	5
   Maximum:	355
   Units:	degrees

   2DSpec

   Two-dimensional (1D) wave spectrum on Feb 17th, 2020 (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.0324
   Units:	m^2/Hz per degrees

   Outputs05.nc

   This dataset consists of the following: i) Measured surface ice cover (SIC), thickness (SIT) and water depth (d) along three shore-normal profiles for February 2020 ii) Simulated significant wave heights (Hs) and peak wave periods (Tp) along three shore-normal profiles for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) for February 2020.
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   Models

   Names of the models (Source: Producer Defined) IF: Ice-free model M14: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2014 coefficients D15: Ice-on model with Doble and others, 2015 coefficients R18: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2018 coefficients M18: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2018 coefficients H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova and others, 2020 coefficients R21: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2021 coefficients

   Profiles

   Names of the profiles (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the profiles

   lat

   Latitudes of the profiles (Source: Producer Defined) Latitudes of the profiles

   lon

   Longitudes of the profiles (Source: Producer Defined) Longitudes of the profiles

   dist

   Distance from shoreline at each profile (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	39.6495
   Units:	km

   d

   Water depth along each profile (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.7476
   Maximum:	183.9210
   Units:	m

   Hs

   Significant wave heights (Hs) along profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0012
   Maximum:	0.7917
   Units:	m

   Tp

   Peak wave period (Tp) along profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.9949
   Maximum:	7.6326
   Units:	s

   SIC

   Surface ice cover (SIC) along profiles on February 17th, 2020. (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	90
   Units:	%

   SIT

   Surface ice thickness (SIT) along profiles on February 17th, 2020. (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.1440
   Units:	meters

   Outputs06.nc

   This dataset consists of the following ADCIRC+SWAN model simulation results: i) Unstructured grid coordinates ii) Mean wave power at each grid point for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) iii) Absolute percent difference in wave powers of ice-on models and ice-free model at each grid point.
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   Models

   Names of the models (Source: Producer Defined) IF: Ice-free model M14: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2014 coefficients D15: Ice-on model with Doble and others, 2015 coefficients R18: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2018 coefficients M18: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2018 coefficients H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova and others, 2020 coefficients R21: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2021 coefficients

   lat

   Unstructured grid latitudes (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	46.4114
   Maximum:	49.0156
   Units:	degrees

   lon

   Unstructured grid longitudes (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-92.0937
   Maximum:	-84.3564
   Units:	degrees

   Pmean

   Monthly mean wave power of ice-free model at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	9.8795e-23
   Maximum:	6.0553e+03
   Units:	kw/m

   IceOnModels

   Names of the ice-on models (Source: Producer Defined) M14: Ice-on model with Meylan et al. (2014) coefficients D15: Ice-on model with Doble et al. (2015) coefficients R18: Ice-on model with Rogers et al. (2018) coefficients M18: Ice-on model with Meylan et al. (2018) coefficients H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova et al. (2020)coefficients R21: Ice-on model with Rogers et al. (2021) coefficients

   DeltaPmean

   Absolute percent difference in wave powers of ice-on models and ice-free model at each grid point (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	9.8280e-05
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	%

   Outputs07.nc

   This dataset consists of the following: i) Simulated significant wave heights (Hs) and peak wave periods (Tp) at the offshore location of the three shore-normal profiles for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) for February 2020 ii) Reverse-shoaled deep water significant wave heights (Hs0) for three shore-normal profiles for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) for February 2020 iii) Water levels at the shoreline of three profiles for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) for February 2020 iv) Wave runup three profiles for seven different models (one ice-free and six ice-on) for February 2020..
   "_v03" indicates the version of the dataset (Source: Producer Defined)

   DateTime

   Data date and time (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	01/02/2020 01:00
   Maximum:	29/02/2020 23:00
   Units:	hr

   Models

   Names of the models (Source: Producer Defined) IF: Ice-free model M14: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2014 coefficients D15: Ice-on model with Doble and others, 2015 coefficients R18: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2018 coefficients M18: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2018 coefficients H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova and others, 2020 coefficients R21: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2021 coefficients

   Profiles

   Names of the profiles (Source: Producer Defined) Names of the profiles

   lat_onshore

   Latitudes of onshore (shoreline) points on profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	46.4992
   Maximum:	46.8793
   Units:	degrees

   lat_offshore

   Latitudes of offshore points on profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	46.7975
   Maximum:	47.1986
   Units:	degrees

   lon_onshore

   Longitudes of onshore (shoreline) points on profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-90.6712
   Maximum:	-87.3444
   Units:	degrees

   lon_offshore

   Longitudes of offshore points on profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-90.6053
   Maximum:	-87.2851
   Units:	degrees

   d_offshore

   Water depth at offshore location of profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	43.7152
   Maximum:	183.9210
   Units:	m

   Hs

   Significant wave height (Hs) at offshore location of profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	7.4169e-05
   Maximum:	2.0988
   Units:	m

   Hs0

   Significant wave height reversed shoaled to deep water (Hs0) from offshore location of profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	5.5072e-05
   Maximum:	1.3560
   Units:	m

   Tp

   Peak wave period (Tp) at offshore location of profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.7481
   Maximum:	10.8773
   Units:	s

   WL

   Water level at the shoreline of profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.3643
   Maximum:	0.6030
   Units:	m

   R2

   Wave runup on profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.5825e-04
   Maximum:	0.8494
   Units:	meters

   IceOnModels

   Names of the ice-on models (Source: Producer Defined) M14: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2014 coefficients D15: Ice-on model with Doble and others, 2015 coefficients R18: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2018 coefficients M18: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2018 coefficients H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova and others, 2020 coefficients R21: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2021 coefficients

   Prob_of_R2_ratio

   Probability of ice-on models wave runup being larger than those of ice-free model at the same time instant (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.1552
   Maximum:	24.8563
   Units:	%

   Bins

   Bin widths (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0.8
   Units:	m

   Prob_dist

   Probability distribution of ice-on model’s wave runup that are larger than ice-free model wave runup on profiles (Source: Producer Defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	95.8333
   Units:	%

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   Please refer to the citations section for the coefficients employed in: 1) M14: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2014 coefficients 2) D15: Ice-on model with Doble and others, 2015 coefficients 3) R18: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2018 coefficients 4) M18: Ice-on model with Meylan and others, 2018 coefficients 5) H20: Ice-on model with Hosekova and others, 2020 coefficients 6) R21: Ice-on model with Rogers and others, 2021 coefficients

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   1) Meylan, M. H., Bennetts, L. G., & Kohout, A. L. (2014). In situ measurements and analysis of ocean waves in the antarctic marginal ice zone. Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (14), 5046 5051. 2) Doble, M. J., De Carolis, G., Meylan, M. H., Bidlot, J.-R., & Wadhams, P. (2015). Relating wave attenuation to pancake ice thickness, using field measurements and model results. Geophysical Research Letters, 42 (11), 4473–4481. 3) Meylan, M. H., Bennetts, L. G., Mosig, J., Rogers, W., Doble, M., & Peter, M. A. (2018). Dispersion relations, power laws, and energy loss for waves in the marginal ice zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123 (5), 3322–3335. 4) Rogers, W. E., Meylan, M. H., & Kohout, A. L. (2018). Frequency distribution of dissipation of energy of ocean waves by sea ice using data from Wave Array 3 of the ONR “Sea State” field experiment. Nav. Res. Lab. Memo. Rep, 18-9801. 5) Hošeková, L., Malila, M. P., Rogers, W. E., Roach, L. A., Eidam, E., Rainville, L., et al. (2020). Attenuation of ocean surface waves in pancake and frazil sea ice along the coast of the Chukchi Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125, e2020JC016746. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016746 6) Rogers, W. E., Yu, J., & Wang, D. W. (2021). Incorporating dependence on ice thickness in empirical parameterizations of wave dissipation by sea ice (Tech. Rep.). Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Erdinc Sogut
   • Alfredo Aretxabaleta
   • Andrew Ashton
   • Deniz Velioglu Sogut
   • Kara S. Doran
   • Margaret L. Palmsten
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
   The numerical simulations were carried out in the high-performance computing cluster of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Poseidon. The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to the Institution for its support to this research by providing access to Poseidon.
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Erdinc Sogut

   Contractor to the United States Geological Survey

   Researcher VI

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   United States

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   esogut@contractor.usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 01-Jun-2023 (process 1 of 1)

   The following steps were performed by Erdinc Sogut:
   1) The following data were collected from the followings: i) The lake's bathymetry was acquired from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) web page (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/great-lakes-bathymetry). ii) Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System (GLCFS) hourly wind field data was gathered from NOAA Thredds server (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/model-lsofs-files/catalog.html). iii) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2) hourly atmospheric pressure data was obtained from NOAA Thredds server (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/model-cfs_v2_anl_ts/catalog.html). iv) Daily surface ice cover data was obtained from GLERL web page (https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/ice/#historical). v) Daily surface ice thickness data was obtained from U.S. National Ice Center (USNIC) web page (https://usicecenter.gov/Products/GreatLakesData).
   2) The model input files fort.13 (Nodal Attributes File), fort.14 (Grid and Boundary Information File) and fort.15 (Model Parameter and Periodic Boundary Condition File) were generated by using the open source MATLAB toolbox OceanMesh2D (Roberts, K. J., & Pringle, W. J., 2018; https://github.com/CHLNDDEV/OceanMesh2D).
   3) Atmospheric pressure (fort.221), wind (fort.222) and ice field (fort.225) files were generated in Oceanweather Inc. (OWI) format from the data collected at step-1 using MATLAB.
   4) fort.26 (SWAN runtime parameters) was adjusted for the study area.
   5) The performance of the coupled ADCIRC+SWAN model in predicting lake-wide water levels and wave dynamics (Hs: significant wave height, Tp: peak wave period, and Dir: average wave direction) were assessed for a three-month-long ice-free period, i.e. August to November 2020 due to lack of field observations in February 2020. The model predicted water levels and wave dynamics were compared with the data of five NOAA water level stations and three National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoys to quantify the model accuracy.
   6) fort.22 (Meteorological Forcing Data) wind speed factor adjusted to minimize model error for the three-month-long ice-free period.
   7) Following the successful completion of the validation process, a set of numerical simulations, one ice-free (IF) and six ice-on (M14, D15, R18, M18, H20, and R21) models, were carried out. In February, ADCIRC model was only forced with SIC due to the model constraints. On the other hand, SWAN model was forced with surface ice concentration (for M14, R18 and H20) and thickness (D15, M18, and R21). The fort.221, fort.222, and fort.225 files created in step 3 were used as meteorological forcing for both the ice-free and ice-on models without any modifications. No adjustment was performed for wind speed in fort.22.
   8) Water levels, wave dynamics, and wave spectrum were extracted from the model outputs using MATLAB. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Erdinc Sogut

   USGS - SOUTHEAST REGION

   Researcher VI

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   United States

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   esogut@contractor.usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Index of Agreement (IA; Willmott, 1981) metrics were used to quantify the model skills in replicating meteorological forcing, lake-wide water levels and wave dynamics (Hs: significant wave height, Tp: peak wave period, and Dir: average wave direction) during a three-month-long ice-free period, i.e. August to November 2020.
   i) Atmoshperic pressure had a moderate accuracy (IA ≈ 0.45) contrary to the wind speed and direction, which had very good skill scores (IA > 0.95). Even though the IA values for atmospheric pressure were low, it could still be used as a model forcing because the deviations in the RMSE (≤ 11.43 hPa) and MAE (≤ 9.06 hPa) values were relatively small.
   ii) Even though the simulated water levels had moderate accuracy (IA ≈ 0.5), they deviated from the measured quantities a few cms—RMSE values ranged between 3.5 cm and 9.3 cm and MAE values ranged between 2.8 cm and 7.7 cm.
   iii) The coupled ADCIRC+SWAN model performed well, IA > 0.95, in generating wave dynamics.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Forcings: 1) Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System (GLCFS) hourly wind field data, which has a grid resolution of 0.09 deg latitude × 0.13 deg longitude (~10 km × ~14.5 km) and covers the entire lake area 2) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) dynamics Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2) pressure data which is available on a Gaussian grid with a mesh resolution of 0.5 deg ×0.5 deg (~55 km × ~55 km) 3) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory historical surface ice concentration with a mesh resolution of 0.010 deg latitude × 0.016 deg longitude (~1.1 km × ~1.8 km). 4) U.S. National Ice Center (USNIC) daily analysis of surface ice thickness on Gaussian grid with a mesh resolution of 0.025 deg × 0.025 deg (~2.8 km × ~2.8 km)
   Mesh: The mesh containing 185,770 vertices and 348,800 triangular elements has a maximum mesh resolution of 1.25 km offshore, which is then refined to 100 m nearshore to provide better resolution for the wave-transformation zones.
   Tests: 1) mesh resolution of 2.5 km offshore, which is then refined to 250 m nearshore: the model skills in replicating meteorological forcing, lake-wide water levels and wave dynamics was < 0.5 2) mesh resolution of 1.25 km offshore, which is then refined to 100 m nearshore: the model skills in replicating meteorological forcing, lake-wide water levels and wave dynamics was > 0.5 3) mesh resolution of 1.25 km offshore, which is then refined to 50 m nearshore: the model skills in replicating meteorological forcing, lake-wide water levels and wave dynamics was > 0.5
   Refining mesh size to 50 m nearshore does not significant improved the model skill but the simulation duration was increased. Therefore, mesh size (2) was selected.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   The model outputs are based on the International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD, 1985) low-water datum which is 183.2 m.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Any missing data is marked as NaN.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   The results are specific to model configurations adopted, as well as the wind, atmospheric pressure, surface ice concentration, and thickness forcings utilized in the simulations. Modifying the model parameter in the input files or using other sources for model forcings might lead to variations in the model's predicted lake-wide water levels and wave dynamics.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   GS ScienceBase

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

   Denver, CO
   

   United States

   1-888-275-8747 (voice)

   sciencebase@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The datasets contains the input files in a ZIP file (Model_Inputs_v01.zip), and sevean output NetCDF files (Outputs 01_v03.nc, Output02_v03.nc, Output03_v03.nc, Output04_v03.nc, Output05_v03.nc, Output06_v03.nc, Output07_v03.nc) and the CSDGM metadata in XML format.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	The download includes the seven model NetCDF output files (ranging in size from 500 KB to 22 MB), the model input files in a zip file (2 GB), and the CSCGM metadata file in XML format. in format NetCDF Size: 2040
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P13CJ6DD

   • Cost to order the data: None

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 18-Nov-2024

Metadata author:

Erdinc Sogut

Contractor to the United States Geological Survey

Researcher VI

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg, FL

United States

727-502-8000 (voice)

gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)