Backscatter imagery collected in 2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach Sandwich, Massachusetts, during field activity 2016-017-FA (GeoTIFF image)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:
Backscatter imagery collected in 2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach Sandwich, Massachusetts, during field activity 2016-017-FA (GeoTIFF image)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9HZHXXV
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c926dc4e4b0938824573d5b
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: David S. Foster
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: Emily C. Huntley
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:
High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9HZHXXV
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Danforth W.W., and Huntley, E.C., 2019, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c7fe3afe4b0938824443b00
Description:
Abstract:
Geophysical and geological survey data were collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, in May and July 2016. Approximately 130 linear kilometers of subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, sea floor photographs, and (or) video at 26 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 19 of the 26 sampling sites and video and (or) photographic imagery of the sea floor were taken at all 26 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the sea floor by identifying sediment-texture, seabed morphology, and underlying geologic structure and stratigraphy. Data collected during these 2016 surveys are included in this data release: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV.
More information can be found on the websites for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activities at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-017-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-037-FA.
Purpose:
This backscatter image represents approximately 3.7 square kilometers of interferometric sonar (Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. SWATHplus-M, now Bathyswath) backscatter data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, in May 2016 during USGS field activity 2016-017-FA. These data can be used in conjunction with other geophysical and sample data to identify sea-floor morphology and sediment texture.
Supplemental_Information:
More information can be found on the WHCMSC Field Activity webpage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-017-FA. Data collected during the 2016 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20160517
Ending_Date: 20160523
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition of survey dates: 20160517-20160523. No geophysical data were collected on May 18 (JD 139), 21 (JD 142), and 22 (JD 143), 2016 ; see Completeness_Report for more information.
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.495891
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.450406
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.791132
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.756820
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:5c926dc4e4b0938824573d5b
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: seafloor
Theme_Keyword: sea floor
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: field activity 2016-017-FA
Theme_Keyword: raster
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF
Theme_Keyword: backscatter
Theme_Keyword: interferometry
Theme_Keyword: SEA SWATHplus
Theme_Keyword: SEA Submetrix
Theme_Keyword: Bathyswath
Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme_Keyword: interferometric sonar
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Bay
Place_Keyword: Cape Cod
Place_Keyword: Sandwich
Place_Keyword: Town Neck Beach
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: seafloor
Stratum_Keyword: sea floor
Stratum_Keyword: surface
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: 2016
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c926dc4e4b0938824573d5b/?name=2016-017-FA_Backscatter_browse.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Gray-scale image of interferometric backscatter collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, MA
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Image pixel values contain gray-scale acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high backscatter is represented by light tones (high values). The NoData value is set to 0.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
This GeoTIFF represents interferometric backscatter imagery collected along main survey lines at 16-centimeter resolution. Sonar data were nominally collected at 30-meter trackline spacing to ensure nearly 100 percent coverage of the survey area. Gaps may occur along-track and between adjacent lines, especially where the ship had to maneuver to avoid obstacles during surveying.
Completeness_Report:
Backscatter data, along tracklines generally oriented parallel to the beach, were incorporated in this backscatter image. Backscatter data collected during the bathymetric patch test, along the transit lines in and out of the Sandwich Marina and along tielines (1-4) were not incorporated in this image.
Data from some survey lines have been omitted where they overlapped with equal or better quality data from adjacent lines. Small cross-track gaps can occur as a result of the ship pitching and rolling; between-track gaps can occur where overlapping swaths were not achieved. Very few of these types of gaps occurred in this dataset.
No data were collected on 20160518, 20160521, and 20160522 (May 18 (JD 139), 21 (JD 142), and 22 (JD 143), 2016) due to weather conditions, rough seas and equipment maintenance and (or) failure.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
USGS Field Activity 2016-017-FA: Navigation for the SWATHplus-M system was acquired using the WGS 84 coordinate system with an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5), which blends Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with acceleration data from a Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and GPS azimuthal heading. The POS MV was configured with two AeroAntenna Technologies GPS antennas located at either end of a 2-m baseline, which was oriented fore and aft and mounted atop the rigid pole on which the SWATHplus-M transducers were mounted at the bow of the R/V Rafael. DGPS positions were obtained from the primary antenna located on the forward end of the baseline, and the positional offsets between the antenna and the navigational reference point (the POS MV IMU) were accounted for in the Applanix POSView (version 8.60) acquisition software. Note that although the final backacatter image has a pixel resolution of 16-cm, the horizontally accuracy of the DGPS positions are 0.5-2 meters.
Positional offsets were applied within the SWATHplus acquisition software (version 3.07.17.00) and stored within the SXR format data.
Note: During bathymetric processing, using Teledyne CARIS hydrographic software, the Applanix POS MV post-processed navigation data were applied to the bathymetric data, increasing navigational accuracies of the bathymetric data. However, during backscatter processing, using Chesapeake Technologies SonarWiz, the DGPS position data stored in the SXR headers were used, yielding horizontal accuracies of 0.5 – 2 m.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
Title: raw SWATHplus-M data
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20160517
Ending_Date: 20160523
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition of survey dates: 20160517-20160523. No geophysical data were collected on May 18 (JD 139), 21 (JD 142), and 22 (JD 143), 2016; see Completeness_Report for more information.
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw data
Source_Contribution:
USGS Field Activity 2016-017-FA: A 234-kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus-M (now Bathyswath) interferometric sonar was mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. Data were acquired during May 2016.
Configuration:
Survey: Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots and were generally spaced 30 m apart to obtain overlapping swaths of data and full seabed coverage.
Sonar: The SEA SWATHplus-M operates at a frequency of 234-kHz and a variable range (increased or decreased manually depending on water depth). The system was operated with a 60-percent transmit power, a 34-cycle transmit pulse length, 4096 samples per channel, and a ping range of 46 meters.
Additional system configuration information that is not necessarily applicable to the backscatter imagery can be found in the metadata for the bathymetry included with this data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV).
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
1. Each raw SWATHplus sonar file (SXR format) was imported (channels 1 and 2) into Chesapeake Technologies Inc. SonarWiz software (version 6.01.0032). SonarWiz has an automatic bottom-tracking algorithm (i.e. slant-range correction) that generally performs well in most coastal settings and effectively removes the water column from each sonar file. For some lines, additional manual editing of the altitude was required in the SonarWiz Bottom Tracker. The only gain function applied in SonarWiz was an empirical gain normalization function (EGN). The Overlap Mode in the SonarWiz project was set to average, which blends the backscatter data in the far range of a line with the overlapping data from the adjacent line, producing a final backscatter mosaic.
Process_Date: 201608
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
2. The backscatter imagery generated in the previous process step exhibited a processing anomaly at nadir (directly below the sonar) as a result of the bottom-tracking algoritm (slant-range correction) that was not properly removing the water column in the earlier version of SonarWiz software. Using a newer version of SonarWiz (version 7.02.05), the slant-range correction and EGN were reapplied and a new backscatter image was created for the Town Neck Beach survey area. The backscatter image was exported as a 32-bit GeoTIFF image (UTM Zone 19N, WGS 84) at 16-cm resolution. This created a GeoTIFF image and world file (tfw) of the survey area. High backscatter intensity values are shown by light tones and low backscatter intensity values are shown by dark tones in the imagery.
Process_Date: 201804
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
3. The backscatter GeoTIFF from the SonarWiz software has a NoData value of 0 but also has another NoData value of -32767. The valid backscatter values were normalized in SonarWiz to a range from 0 - 250, where 0 is the NoData. Using gdal_calc.py (installed with Python 3.6 -- /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/gdal_calc.py) the NoData value was set to simply 0 using the following code: gdal_calc.py -A 2016-017-FA_Backscatter_TEMP.tif --outfile=2016-017-FA_Backscatter.tif --calc="A*(A>0)" --NoDataValue=0
Process_Date: 201806
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200807
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 23553
Column_Count: 23366
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 19N
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
False_Easting: 500000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.16
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.16
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Image pixel values contain acoustic backscatter intensity values normalized to an 8-bit range (0 – 255). The NoData value is set to 0 (zero) for the areas where no data were collected. Low-backscatter intensity is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter intensity is represented by light tones (high values).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey-ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
USGS data release 2016-017-FA backscatter imagery collected off Town Neck Beach. This dataset contains a 32-bit GeoTIFF image (2016-017-FA_Backscatter.tif) with a world file (2016-017-FA_Backscatter.tfw), browse graphic (2016-017-FA_Backscatter_browse.jpg) and metadata file (2016-017-FA_Backscatter_meta.xml).
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: 042018
Format_Specification: 32-bit GeoTIFF image
Format_Information_Content:
This dataset contains a 32-bit GeoTIFF image derived from interferometric data collected by the USGS off of Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, MA and the associated metadata and world file.
Transfer_Size: 150
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c926dc4e4b0938824573d5b
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c926dc4e4b0938824573d5b
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV
Access_Instructions:
The first link is to the page containing the data. The second link downloads all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. Because backscatter image is over 1 GB, the user should go to the landing page containing the data (first link) and use the large file download option to obtain the data. The second link above (direct download of all data available from the page as a zip file) may or may not work appropriately. The landing page containing the data (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services.
Fees: None
Technical_Prerequisites:
This dataset contains a GeoTIFF image with a world file and associated metadata. To utilize these data an image processing or GIS software package capable of viewing a 32-bit GeoTIFF image is needed.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20200807
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9HZHXXV/2016-017-FA_Backscatter_meta.html>
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