Multibeam bathymetric trackline data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA using a dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echosounder (Esri polyline shapefile, Geographic, WGS 84).

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Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20200318
Title:

Multibeam bathymetric trackline data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA using a dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echosounder (Esri polyline shapefile, Geographic, WGS 84).

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher:

U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Brian D. Andrews
Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt
Originator: David S. Foster
Originator: Barry J. Irwin
Originator: Alex R. Nichols
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA

Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested citation: Andrews, B.D., Barnhardt, W.A., Foster, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Nichols, A.R., 2020, High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddbd93ce4b06957976a56a8

Description:

Abstract:

In September 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted high-resolution geophysical mapping and sediment sampling to determine the distribution of historical mine tailings on the floor of Lake Superior. Large amounts of waste material from copper mining, locally known as “stamp sands,” were dumped into the lake in the early 20th century, with wide-reaching consequences that have continued into the present. Mapping was focused offshore of the town of Gay on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, where ongoing erosion and re-deposition of the stamp sands has buried miles of native, white-sand beaches. Stamp sands are also encroaching onto Buffalo Reef, a large area of cobble/boulder substrate that supports productive fisheries in the lake. The objectives of this cooperative mapping project are to develop a framework for scientific research and provide baseline information required for management of resources within the coastal zone of northern Michigan. High-resolution bathymetry and backscatter data reveal the irregular topography of the shallow, cobble-covered Buffalo Reef and the relatively smooth surface of finer-grained sediment that covers adjacent, deeper parts of the lake floor. Previous research used numerous sediment samples to determine the general distribution of mine tailings on the lake floor in this area, but little information exists on the extent and thickness of the surficial deposits. The main priority of this project is to image the near-surface stratigraphy, specifically the thickness of surficial sand and mud that threaten to cover the reef, with seismic-reflection profiling systems. In addition to continuous coverage of bathymetric and backscatter data, this report includes a dense grid of closely spaced seismic profiles, which will guide efforts to mitigate the environmental impacts of the shifting stamp sands.

Purpose:

The purpose of this polyline shapefile is to provide a geospatial record of the tracklines recorded by the Reson T20-P sonar and to provide the line names and dates in the shapefile attribute table.

Supplemental_Information:

Data were collected using the R/V Rafael, owned and operated by the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Additional information on the field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-043-FA

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20180915
Ending_Date: 20180925

Currentness_Reference:

data were collected on the following dates: 20180915-20180919 (Julian day 258-262); 20180922 (Julian day 265); 20180925 (Julian day 268).

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.247070
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.122144
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.224536
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.144453

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Department of the Interior
Theme_Keyword: DOI
Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2018-043-FA
Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael
Theme_Keyword: tracklines
Theme_Keyword: shapefile
Theme_Keyword: multibeam echosounder
Theme_Keyword: multibeam bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: Reson
Theme_Keyword: T20-P
Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine Geology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar
Theme_Keyword: lakebed characteristics
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: geophysics
Theme_Keyword: geology
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: United States of America
Place_Keyword: Michigan
Place_Keyword: Keweenaw Peninsula
Place_Keyword: Keweenaw County
Place_Keyword: Houghton County
Place_Keyword: Lake Superior
Place_Keyword: Buffalo Reef
Place_Keyword: Traverse Bay

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: lake floor
Stratum_Keyword: lakefloor

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Temporal_Keyword: 2018

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely re-distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: Massachusetts
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: US

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92?name=2018-043-FA_ResonT20P_Tracklines_browse.jpg

Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Thumbnail image of multibeam echosounder tracklines collected within Grand Traverse Bay, Michigan.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Gaps between the polyline features in this shapefile reflect those time periods where data were not recorded

Completeness_Report:

Data were not collected on the following dates because of weather: Sept 20-21 (JD263-264), 23-24 (JD266-267).

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Navigation data were acquired using the WGS 84 coordinate system with an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5), which blends Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with acceleration data from a Motion Reference Unit (MRU) and GPS azimuthal heading. The POS MV was configured with two AeroAntenna Technologies GPS antennas located at either end of a 2-m baseline, which was oriented fore and aft and mounted atop the MBES pole, approximately midships on the starboard side of the R/V Rafael. DGPS positions were obtained from the primary antenna located on the forward end of the baseline, and the positional offsets between the antenna and the navigational reference point (the POS MV IMU) were accounted for in the Applanix POSView (version 8.60) acquisition software. DGPS positions are horizontally accurate to 0.5 - 2 meters, but accuracy can increase to less than 10 cm after post-processing with Applanix POSPac (version 8.1).

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
Title: raw MBES data in s7k format
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data

Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20180915
Ending_Date: 20180925

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: RAW RESON T20-P MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER FILES
Source_Contribution:

Multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter data were collected using dual-head Reson T20-P sonars. The pair of mills cross transmit and receive arrays were mounted side-by-side within a bracket that oriented them at opposing 30-degree angles (relative to horizontal). The bracket was pole-mounted on the starboard side of the R/V Rafael so that the sonar arrays were oriented athwart ships (primary and secondary arrays facing outward and down to port and starboard, respectively) and located approximately 1.235 m below the waterline when deployed. Vessel navigation and attitude data were acquired using an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5) configured with two AeroAntenna Technologies GPS antennas located at either end of a 2-m baseline, which was oriented fore and aft and mounted atop the MBES pole approximately midships on the starboard side of vessel, and the wetpod MRU mounted atop the sonar bracket just aft of the pole. An AML Micro X SV mounted on the sonar bracket monitored sound speed near the sonars during acquisition, and an AML Minos X SVPT was used to collect water column sound speed profiles 1 to 3 times each survey day (See shapefile 2018-043-FA_SVPdata.shp available from the larger work citation). The Reson SeaBat User Interface (version 5.0.0.6) was used to control the sonars, which were operated in intermediate mode at full power (220 db), with frequency-modulated pulses between 200 to 300 kHz. The range of the 1024 across track beams formed by the sonars were adjusted manually depending on water depth, and resulted in combined swath widths of 50 to 250 meters or typically 3 to 6 times the water depth. Data were monitored and recorded using the Reson SeaBat User Interface (UI) (version 5.0.0.6) and Hypack/Hysweep (v. 2018). The SeaBat User Interface logged the navigation, attitude, bathymetry, time-series backscatter, and water column data to s7k format files for each sonar. The line files were created by the Reson UI using the following naming convention: YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS_M/S. The line files were appended with an "M" and "S" suffix to denote the port (or primary) "M" and "S" starboard (or secondary) sonar heads

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

PROCESSING STEP 1: CARIS HIPS DATA PROCESSING.
Multibeam bathymetry processing within CARIS HIPS (version 10.4) during the survey consisted of the following flow:
1) Vessel configuration files were created in CARIS for the port ("M"=main, or primary) and starboard ("S"=secondary) sonars (RVRafael_DualT20P_M.hvf, and RVRafael_DualT20P_S.hvf) which includes, linear and angular installation offsets for each T20-P unit as well as vendor specified uncertainty values for each of the survey sensors.
2) A CARIS HIPS project (version 10.4) was created with projection information set to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16N, WGS 84. Separate HIPS projects were created for the Port (M), and Starboard (S) line files using the two vessel configuration files in #1 above.
3) Each Reson s7k file (M and S) was imported to the new CARIS projects (M and S respectively) using the Import/Conversion Wizard.
4) Delayed heave data from raw POS MV files were used to update HIPS survey lines using the import auxiliary data function.
5) Navigation was reviewed and edited as needed using the Navigation Editor tool.
6) Sound velocity correction was applied using the CARIS algorithm, a master SVP file containing all the sound velocity profiles collected during the survey and specifying the nearest in distance method, delayed heave source, and use surface sound speed.
7) Data were merged selecting no tide and the delayed heave source.
8) 2-m resolution Swath Angle Weighted (SWATH) surfaces were created to incorporate all the files (M and S) as they were processed, and the SWATH surfaces were reviewed for inconsistencies and anomalies.
9) The swath and subset editors were used to remove spurious points through manual editing and filter application, and the refraction editor was used to adjust sound speed values in areas where velocimeter data did not adequately correct depth profiles, which were obviously influenced by local anomalies in speed of sound through the water column.
10) Survey lines adjusted for refraction anomalies were remerged, and the respective SWATH surfaces were recomputed to reflect the changes. Processing during the survey was primarily focused on QA/QC during acquisition. Editing processes did require trial and error, and were at times iterative. The contact person for this and all subsequent processing steps below is Brian Andrews.

Process_Date: 201809
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Position: Geographer
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

PROCESSING STEP 2: APPLY POST PROCESSED SBET FILES AND EDIT SOUNDINGS.
Post-survey processing within CARIS HIPS (version 10.4) consisted of the following flow: 1) Post-processed navigation, vessel attitude, and GPS height data from POSPac Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory (SBET) files, and post-processed RMS attitude error data from POSPac smrmsg files were used to update HIPS survey lines using the import auxiliary data function.
2) Navigation source was set to Applanix SBET, and navigation was reviewed and edited as needed using the Navigation Editor tool.
3) GPS tide was computed using delayed heave data, the vessel water line, and a single datum value of 0 m (vertically referencing the data to the WGS 84 Ellipsoid).
4) Sound velocity correction was reapplied using the CARIS algorithm, the master SVP file containing all the sound velocity profiles collected during the survey and specifying the nearest in time method, delayed heave source, and use surface sound speed.
5) Data were remerged selecting the GPS tide and delayed heave sources.
6) 2-m resolution SWATH surfaces using both the M and S files were created using the Swath Angle method and a maximum footprint of 9.
7) Additional editing was conducted using the swath and subset editors to minimize inconsistencies and artifacts, and the SWATH surface was recomputed to reflect the changes. Finally, small "no data" holidays were filled using the "Fill Raster Holiday" tool and a 5x5 cell filter using data from a minimum of 5 neighboring cells.

Process_Date: 201901

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

PROCESSSING STEP 3: CONVERT HIPS NAVIGATION TO SHAPEFILE
The HIPS tracklines for the "M" (port head) sonar were converted to a Esri shapefile using two steps. Step 1-in HIPS, select all the "M" lines and export, HIPS and SIPS data, HIPS to HOB. Step 2- Using CARIS conversion utility (v. 2.1) the HOB file was converted to and Esri Shapefile. During the conversion process, the name of the HIPS line file "LineName" and "Date" were carried over. Once the shapefile was converted new attributes "DeviceID", SurveyID, and "VesselID" were created and populated using ArcGIS Pro (v. 2.4)

Process_Date: 201911

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.

Process_Date: 20200807
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross

Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Changed the series issue from a URL to the DOI number.
Process_Date: 20210125
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross

Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: string
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 138

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 2018-043-FA_ResonT20P_Tracklines
Entity_Type_Definition:

T20P multibeam echosounder tracklines for survey 2018-043-FA in Lake Superior, Michigan.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LineName
Attribute_Definition:

Reson SeaBat User Interface s7k filename for the T20-P MBES trackline in the format: UTC start date and time (YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS format, i.e. '20171008_154610'). The actual files names for the primary sonar have a'M_'prefix.

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values: