Sediment sample locations and analysis collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA (Microsoft Excel file).

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Sediment sample locations and analysis collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA (Microsoft Excel file).
Abstract:
In September 2018, the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in collaboration with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), conducted high-resolution geophysical mapping and sediment sampling to determine the distribution of historical mine tailings on the floor of Lake Superior. Large amounts of waste material from copper mining, locally known as “stamp sands”, were dumped into the laFke in the early 20th century, with wide-reaching consequences that have continued into the present day. Mapping was focused offshore of the town of Gay on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, where ongoing erosion and re-deposition of the stamp sands has buried miles of native, white-sand beaches and is steadily encroaching south onto Buffalo Reef, a large area of cobble/boulder substrate that supports productive fisheries in the lake. The objectives of this cooperative mapping project are to develop a framework for scientific research and provide baseline information required for management of resources within the coastal zone of northern Michigan. High resolution bathymetry and backscatter data reveal the irregular topography of the shallow, cobble-covered Buffalo Reef, and the relatively smooth, finer-grained sediment that covers adjacent, deeper parts of the lake floor. Previous research used numerous sediment samples to determine the general distribution of mine tailings on the lake floor in this area, but little information existed on the extent and thickness of the surficial deposits. The main priority of this project is to image the near-surface stratigraphy, specifically the surficial sand and mud that threaten to cover the reef, with seismic-reflection profiling systems. In addition to continuous coverage of bathymetric and backscatter data, this report includes a dense grid of closely spaced seismic profiles, which will guide efforts to mitigate the impacts on Buffalo Reef from contamination by the shifting stamp sands.
Supplemental_Information:
Data were collected using the R/V Rafael, owned and operated by the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Additional information on the field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-043-FA
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 20200318, Sediment sample locations and analysis collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA (Microsoft Excel file).: data release DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Andrews, Brian D., Barnhardt, Walter A., Foster, David S., Irwin, Barry J., and Nichols, Alex R., 2020, High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Andrews, B.D., Barnhardt, W.A., Foster, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Nichols, A.R., 2020, High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V .
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.235681
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.149709
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.212700
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.161406
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc?name=2018-043-FA_SedimentSamples_browse.jpg (JPEG)
    Browse graphic of the sediment sample locations collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 26-Sep-2018
    Ending_Date: 26-Sep-2018
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (20)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    WB01_GS-MS_results.xlsx
    Data spreadsheet containing the grain size analysis results for sample submission WB01_GS-MS, analyzed using the Beckman Coulter Multisizer3 and sieving of the ≥ 4 phi fraction. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ANALYSIS_ID
    An identifier for the sample which is unique to the database. This identifier begins with the assigned multi-letter code GS-, which corresponds to the type of analysis performed on the sample (grain size analysis), followed by a six digit number assigned sequentially as samples are registered for analysis. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    FIELD_NO
    The identification value assigned to the sample at the time of collection. This varies from field activity to field activity and the ID can contain any combination of letters and numbers. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    PROJECT
    Name of project or project number under which samples were taken or data generated; sometimes project name indicates a more specific area. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    FA_ID
    The serial number assigned to the dataset field activity from which the sample belongs. This value is in the format YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the year, XXX is the number assigned to the activity within the year, and FA indicates Field Activity. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    CONTACT
    Name of Principal investigator or chief scientist responsible for data collection, or researcher submitting samples for analysis (usually first initial and last name). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    AREA
    General geographic area of data collection. Name is general enough to easily locate area on a map. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    LATITUDE
    Latitude coordinate, in decimal-degrees, of sample location. South latitude recorded as negative values. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:47.212700
    Maximum:47.161406
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0000001
    LONGITUDE
    Longitude coordinate, in decimal degrees, of sample location. West longitude is recorded as negative values. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-88.235681
    Maximum:-88.160144
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.00000001
    DEPTH_M
    Measured depth of water overlying sediment at sample time, generally not corrected for tides, in meters. Entries with no depth indicated are left blank. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.07
    Maximum:36.63
    Units:meters
    T_DEPTH
    Top depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface, in centimeters. Entries with no depth indicated are left blank. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:centimeters
    B_DEPTH
    Bottom depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface, in centimeters. Entries with no depth indicated are left blank. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5
    Maximum:5
    Units:centimeter
    DEVICE
    Device used to collect the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Van Veen grabCollection device name provided by the sample submitter.
    DATE_COLLECTED
    Calendar date indicating when the sample was collected in the format MM/DD/YYYY where DD is the day of the month, MM is the numeric month, and YYYY is the year. Entries with no date indicated are left blank. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    ANALYSIS_COMPLETION_DATE
    Calendar date indicating when analyses on the sample were completed in the format MM/DD/YYYY where DD is the day of the month, MM is the numeric month, and YYYY is the year. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set
    WEIGHT
    Weight of initial sample in grams. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:50.927
    Maximum:175.426
    Units:grams
    Resolution:.0001
    GRAVEL_PCT
    Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; -1 phi and larger). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:19.150
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.0001
    SAND_PCT
    Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 phi through 4 phi). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:73.138
    Maximum:100.053
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.0001
    SILT_PCT
    Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; 5 phi through 8 phi, inclusive). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.052
    Maximum:18.136
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.0001
    CLAY_PCT
    Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm; 9 phi and smaller). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.030
    Maximum:6.674
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.0001
    CLASSIFICATION
    Sediment classification - Sediment description based on a rigorous definition, usually Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005). (Source: modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary)
    ValueDefinition
    GRAVELLY SEDIMENTgravel equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent
    SANDsand equal to or greater than 75 percent
    SILTY SANDsand less than 75 percent and equal to or greater than 50 percent, silt greater than clay, and clay less than 20 percent
    MEDIAN
    Diameter at which 50% of the sample mass is comprised of sediment particles with a diameter less than this value and 50% is larger; middle point in the grain size distribution in phi units. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0125
    Maximum:3.112
    Units:phi
    Resolution:.01
    MEAN
    Average value in the grain size distribution in phi units. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.106
    Maximum:3.543
    Units:phi
    Resolution:.01
    STDEV
    Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain size distribution in phi units (sorting). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.564
    Maximum:2.305
    Units:phi
    Resolution:.01
    SKEWNESS
    Skewness (deviation from symmetrical form) of the grain size distribution in phi units. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.956
    Maximum:3.310
    Units:phi
    Resolution:.01
    KURTOSIS
    Kurtosis (degree of curvature near the mode) of the grain size distribution in phi units. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-15.256
    Maximum:29.862
    Units:phi
    Resolution:.01
    PHI_13
    13 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 13 phi fraction and smaller (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.000125 mm, less than 0.00025 mm); fine clay. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:NULL
    Maximum:NULL
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_12
    12 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 12 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.00025 mm, but less than 0.0005 mm); fine clay. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:NULL
    Maximum:NULL
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_11
    11 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 11 phi fraction and smaller (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.0005 mm, but less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.002
    Maximum:0.593
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_10
    10 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 10 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.024
    Maximum:2.310
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_9
    9 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 9 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.005
    Maximum:3.771
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_8
    8 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 8 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.007
    Maximum:4.491
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_7
    7 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 7 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.01
    Maximum:4.94
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_6
    6 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 6 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.012
    Maximum:9.957
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_5
    5 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 5 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.025
    Maximum:2.952
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_4
    4 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 4 phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to .0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.043
    Maximum:54.418
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_3
    3 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 3 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.693
    Maximum:73.659
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_2
    2 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 2 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.654
    Maximum:64.667
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_1
    1 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 1 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.109
    Maximum:62.862
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_0
    0 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 0 phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.025
    Maximum:25.544
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_-1
    -1 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -1 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:7.897
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_-2
    -2 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -2 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:13.574
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_-3
    -3 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -3 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_-4
    -4 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -4 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    PHI_-5
    -5 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -5 phi fraction and larger (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm, but less than 64 mm); very coarse pebbles. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:weight percent
    Resolution:.001
    ANALYST
    Name (usually first, middle, and last initials) of person who performed the grain size or physical properties analysis. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ARPAllison R. Paquette
    QUALITY GRADE
    Samples are assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Data quality grades may be determined by several factors, and any comments or notes that indicate the data for a particular sample may be suspect are included in the results table for that sample under "comments". Quality grades for sample data that do not have any additional comments are assigned based on the calculated percent difference between the weights of the coarse fraction remaining after wet sieving and the sum of all of the weighed fractions after dry sieving the coarse fraction, indicating an estimated differing amount of material which could skew the calculated grain size results: A = percent differences between 0% and ±1.5%, B = percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3%, C = percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5%, and D = percent differences greater than ±4.5%. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Quality grade: AA = percent differences between 0% and +- 1.5%
    Quality grade: BB = percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3%
    Quality grade: CC = percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5%
    Quality grade: DD = percent differences greater than ±4.5%
    Quality grade analyst: BBBrian Buczkowski
    Quality grade analyst: BJBBrian J. Buczkowski
    QA/QC COMMENTS
    Relevant comments on analytical observations or anomalies that may affect the quality of the data. Entries with no comments are left blank. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Brian Andrews
    Geographer
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, Massachusetts
    US

    508-548-8700 x2348 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    bandrews@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These sediment samples analyzed for grain-size composition are a primary dataset used to describe the surficial geological substrates present in the study area.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 05-Mar-2019 (process 1 of 4)
    Samples submitted to the sediment analysis laboratory for grain size analysis using the Beckman Coulter Multisizer3 and sieving of the ≥ 4 phi fraction are assigned unique analysis identifiers (ANALYSIS_ID), and a macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry spreadsheet (GrainSizeWorksheet_WB01.xlsm, where WB01 is the batch number assigned to the sample submission) is created to record the measurement data. About 50 grams of wet sediment are placed in a pre-weighed beaker, weighed, oven dried at 100°C, and reweighed to correct for salt. The dried sample is wet sieved through a 0.062 mm (No. 230) sieve. The coarse fraction remaining in the sieve is oven dried at 100°C (until completely dried) and weighed. The fine fraction in water is collected in a plastic Nalgene bottle and sealed with a screw lid (stored for no longer than one week). The coarse fraction is dry sieved to determine the individual weights of the 4 to -5 phi fractions, and the weights are recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. At the request of the submitter, shell and shell fragments can be manually removed from the -2 phi and coarser fractions, weighed and their weights are recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. The fine fraction is run and combined using the 200 μm and 30 μm Coulter analyses using the Multisizer3 software to get the fine fraction grain size distribution. The fine fraction distribution data are added to the data entry spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is used to calculate a continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Allison Paquette
    Integrated Statistics contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2277 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    apaquette@contractor.usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Jul-2019 (process 2 of 4)
    Continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions are transposed to the "results" tab in the macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry workbook (GrainSizeWorksheet_WB01.xlsm, where WB01 is the identifier assigned to the sample submission). Macros in the workbook ("GS_statistics" and "sedimentname") are run to calculate grain size classification and statistical analyses and finish processing the data. Sample, navigation, and field identifiers, along with continuous phi class distribution data, grain size classification, and statistical analysis results are copied and pasted into a final Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (WB01_GS-MS_results.xlsx, where WB01 is the batch number assigned to the sample submission). The processed data are quality control checked and assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Processed data are released to the submitter and incorporated into the laboratory's database. All raw analytical data generated by the samples are archived in the sediment analysis laboratory. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Brian Buczkowski
    Physical Scientist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2361 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    bbuczkowski@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Aug-2020 (process 3 of 4)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 25-Jan-2021 (process 4 of 4)
    Changed the series issue from a URL to the DOI number. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Navigation for survey 2018-043-FA used Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (World Geodetic System of 1984 [WGS 84]).The recorded position of each sediment sample is the position of the DGPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft of the R/V Rafael's cabin just port of the centerline, not the location of the sampler. The sampler was deployed approximately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition to the +/- 2-meter offset, the sampler may drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Based on the various sources of horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of the sediment sample locations is 2-4 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The depths recorded for each sample were recorded at the time the sampler was on the bottom using the vessel's depth sounder
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    completeness report text here
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This is the final Microsoft Excel spreadsheet returned to the submitting researcher after analysis in the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment analysis laboratory. These data were checked but no modifications or corrections have been made to the file.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints none
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely re-distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    USA

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The zip file contains data in CSV forma. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and reading the data formats.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Brian Buczkowski
Physical Scientist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

(508) 548-8700 x2361 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9K4HX8V/2018-043-FA_SedimentSamples_meta.faq.html>
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