Meteorological data from Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, 9/13/2021 to 10/24/2021

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Meteorological data from Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, 9/13/2021 to 10/24/2021
Abstract:
Meteorological data were collected as part of the DUring Nearshore Event eXperiment (DUNEX) on Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina from 9/13/2021 to 10/24/2021. The DUNEX project is a collaborative, multi-agency experiment designed to provide comprehensive measurements of storm-induced processes on coastal habitats. The overarching goals of this study are to understand oceanographic processes and their contribution to coastal morphological changes. These data will be used to improve storm forecasting models and prepare for future extreme weather events.
Supplemental_Information:
More information about the field activities for DUNEX is available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-028-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-029-FA; and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-032-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    De, Olivia A. Meo, Suttles, Steven E., Marsjanik, Eric D., and Sherwood, Christopher R., 20230113, Meteorological data from Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, 9/13/2021 to 10/24/2021: data release DOI:10.5066/P9RZTFCQ, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: De Meo, O.A., Suttles, S.E., Marsjanik, E.D., and Sherwood, C.R., 2023, Meteorological data from Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, 9/13/2021 to 10/24/2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RZTFCQ.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.4805
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.4803
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.6779
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.6777
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63726999d34ed907bf6c69c8?name=DUNEX_Met_Browse.jpg (JPEG)
    Picture of the Vaisala WXT536 sensor mounted on a mast.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 13-Sep-2021
    Ending_Date: 24-Oct-2021
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (59388)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011).
      The ellipsoid used is GRS_1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 using Geoid 18
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.001
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    11491wxt-a.nc
    A time series of meteorological data including wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    time
    Time of each sensor reading in universal coordinated time (UTC) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:59387
    Units:Integer minutes since 2021-09-13 14:04:00, when the sensor began recording data.
    WD_410
    Direction (from) of wind mean relative to true north (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:359
    Units:degrees
    WD_gust
    Direction (from) of wind gust relative to true north (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:359
    Units:degrees
    WS_lull
    Lull wind speed (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:13.8
    Units:meters per second
    WS_401
    Mean wind speed (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2
    Maximum:17.2
    Units:meters per second
    WG_402
    Gust wind speed (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.3
    Maximum:20.3
    Units:meters per second
    T_21
    Air temperature (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:14.7
    Maximum:29.1
    Units:Celsius
    RH_910
    Relative humidity (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:34.9
    Maximum:93.0
    Units:percent
    Rn_963
    Thickness of rainfall amount (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:93.95
    Units:millimeters
    z
    Height relative to NAVD88 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:9.2241
    Maximum:9.2241
    Units:meters
    depth
    Depth below mean sea level. Negative values indicate height above mean sea level. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9.3280
    Maximum:-9.3280
    Units:meters
    lat
    Latitude coordinate, in decimal degrees, of sample location. South latitude recorded as negative values. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:35.6778
    Maximum:35.6778
    Units:decimal degrees
    lon
    Longitude coordinate, in decimal degrees, of sample location. West longitude is recorded as negative values. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-75.4804
    Maximum:-75.4804
    Units:decimal degrees
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    These data are available in a netCDF format. The variables are defined in the attributes section of the metadata and in the netCDF file.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Field Activity 2021-028-FA.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Olivia A. De Meo
    • Steven E. Suttles
    • Eric D. Marsjanik
    • Christopher R. Sherwood
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Olivia A. De Meo
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Technical Information Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2356 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    odemeo@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

A Vaisala WXT536 meteorological station was installed on the beach to measure wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. These data will be used in storm forecasting models.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 12-Sep-2021 (process 1 of 5)
    A Vaisala WXT536 weather station was set up to measure wind velocity and direction, precipitation, air temperature, and relative humidity. For all parameters, the sensor was programmed to sample continuously at 4 Hz and average every 60 seconds of data. The sensor was mounted on a mast on top of the foredune on September 12, 2021. The sensor was aligned to magnetic north using the arrow on the bottom of the sensor and the iPhone compass app.
    Date: 13-Sep-2021 (process 2 of 5)
    The Vaisala WXT536 weather station was programmed, powered on, and began logging data.
    Date: 14-Sep-2021 (process 3 of 5)
    Horizontal and vertical positioning measurements of the weather station were made with an SP80 RTK system. The data were exported from the SP80 rover with xyz variances in the horizontal datum NAD83(2011) to produce latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid heights, and then UTM18N and NAVD88 using GEOID 18 were used to produce UTM coordinates and orthometric heights. Depth relative to Mean Sea Level was found with VDatum using geographic location, NAVD88 elevation of the sensor, and GEOID18.
    Date: 24-Oct-2021 (process 4 of 5)
    The Vaisala WXT536 weather station was powered off, removed from the mast, and the comma-separated values (CSV) file was transferred to a laptop.
    Date: 19-Aug-2022 (process 5 of 5)
    All parameters in the CSV file were converted to netCDF format in Climate Forecast (CF) data convention with Python 3.8.8 using processing code from stglib, a package of code to process data consistent with procedures of the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program (https://stglib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/wxt.html). Additionally, wind direction was converted from magnetic to true using the magnetic declination at the latitude/longitude of the sensor deployment. If the sensor was offset from magnetic north, a correction was applied first before converting to true wind direction. The offset can be viewed in the netCDF global variable called dir_offset. If any bad readings due to freezing rain occurred, they were removed with the bad ensemble option, which can be viewed in the netCDF global variable called bad_ens.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Nowacki, Daniel J., unpublished material, USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program stglib oceanographic time-series processing package.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Tools and documentation used in processing the data.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The Vaisala WXT536 measures the following parameters with the accuracy reported by the manufacturer in parentheses: Air temperature measured by thin-wire resistivity (+/- 0.3 degrees Celsius); relative humidity (RH) measured by capacitance of a thin-film polymer (+/- 3% RH between 0-90% RH and +/- 5% RH between 90-100% RH); precipitation measured in millimeters by counting individual raindrop impacts with a piezoelectric sensor (better than 5% for daily accumulation of rainfall); and wind speed and direction measured by the travel time of ultrasonic pulses across six pathways (+/- 3% wind speed and +/- 3 degrees wind direction at 10 m/s). However, the accuracy of the wind direction must also take into account the uncertainty of aligning the sensor to magnetic north. We estimate the uncertainty of the alignment north to be +/- 5 degrees. Thus, the combined uncertainty in the wind direction is +/- 5.8 degrees.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The SP80 RTK system used to collect location data has a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 2 cm on any single point, but repeat occupations of the same spot suggest slightly higher uncertainties up to 5-10 cm including user error.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The SP80 RTK system used to collect location data has a theoretical vertical accuracy of 1 cm on any single point, but repeat occupations of the same spot suggest slightly higher uncertainties up to 5-10 cm including user error.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The dataset is considered complete for the information presented.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    These data were processed and converted into a netCDF file with processing code from stglib, a package of code to process data consistent with procedures of the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program. More information about the stglib package can be found here: https://stglib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details.
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? This dataset contains wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall data from Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, NC collected from 9/13/2021 to 10/24/2021 (11491wxt-a.nc).
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Jan-2023
Metadata author:
Olivia A. De Meo
U.S. Geological Survey
Technical Information Specialist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
US

508-548-8700 x2356 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9RZTFCQ/DUNEX_Met_Metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Jan 18 11:39:25 2023