Sound velocity profiles - locations, images, and text files for sound velocity profiles calculated from XBT and CTD casts conducted during USGS field activities 2017-001-FA and 2017-002 FA.

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Sound velocity profiles - locations, images, and text files for sound velocity profiles calculated from XBT and CTD casts conducted during USGS field activities 2017-001-FA and 2017-002 FA.

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9Y1MSTN

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y1MSTN
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e1e05d7e4b0ecf25c610cc2

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin
Originator: Eric M. Moore
Originator: Charles R. Worley
Originator: Alex R. Nichols
Originator: Carolyn D. Ruppel
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Marine Geophysical Data Collected to Support Methane Seep Research Along the U.S. Atlantic Continental Shelf Break and Upper Continental Slope Between the Baltimore and Keller Canyons During U.S. Geological Survey Field Activities 2017-001-FA and 2017-002-FA.

Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9Y1MSTN

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested citation: Baldwin, W.E., Moore, E.M., Worley, C.R., Nichols, A.R., and Ruppel, C.D., 2020, Marine Geophysical Data Collected to Support Methane Seep Research Along the U.S. Atlantic Continental Shelf Break and Upper Continental Slope Between the Baltimore and Keller Canyons During U.S. Geological Survey Field Activities 2017-001-FA and 2017-002-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y1MSTN.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y1MSTN
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5e179176e4b0ecf25c59f97a

Description:

Abstract:

In spring and summer 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Gas Hydrates Project conducted two cruises aboard the research vessel Hugh R. Sharp to explore the geology, chemistry, ecology, physics, and oceanography of sea-floor methane seeps and water column gas plumes on the northern U.S. Atlantic margin between the Baltimore and Keller Canyons. Split-beam and multibeam echo sounders and a chirp subbottom profiler were deployed during the cruises to map water column backscatter, sea-floor bathymetry and backscatter, and subsurface stratigraphy associated with known and undiscovered sea-floor methane seeps. The first cruise, known as the Interagency Mission for Methane Research on Seafloor Seeps and designated as field activity 2017-001-FA, was conducted from May 4 to May 11, 2017, and acquired geophysical data to support remotely operated vehicle exploration of seep sites using the Global Explorer, which is operated by Oceaneering International, Inc. Geophysical operations during cruise 2017-002-FA from August 25 to September 6, 2017, were also focused on mapping water column methane plumes, sea-floor seep sites, and subseafloor strata, but primarily supported conductivity, temperature, and depth instrument deployment, surface-water methane-concentration mapping, and water-sampling operations as part of a collaborative study with the University of Rochester of the effect of methane seepage on ocean water biogeochemistry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research partially sponsored cruise 2017-001-FA, and the U.S. Department of Energy partially sponsored both cruises.

Purpose:

This dataset is used to display the locations of sound velocity profiles (SVP, also referred to as sound speed profiles), as well as the SVP data, collected using Sippican XBT probes and a Seabird Electronics 911plus CTD during two 2017 USGS cruises along the U.S. Atlantic continental shelf break and upper continental slope between Accomac and Keller Canyons. The sound velocity profiles document water column sound speed variability during the cruises, and were used during processing to account for refraction artifacts present within the multibeam bathymetric data. The dataset contains graphs of the sound velocity profile at each station, as well as the date of collection, time of day, and station location coordinates in Geographic Coordinate System (GCS) WGS 84 latitude and longitude.

Supplemental_Information:

Support for 2017-001-FA was provided to the USGS by NOAA and DOE through interagency agreements 16-01118 and DE-FE0023495, respectively. Support for 2017-002-FA was provided to the USGS and the University of Rochester by DOE through interagency agreement DE-FE0026195 and grant DE-FE0028980, respectively. Additional information on the field activities are available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-001-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-002-FA. Additional information specific to the Interagency Mission for Methane Research on Seafloor Seeps is available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/immerss-interagency-mission-methane-research-seafloor-seeps?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects and https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/soundwaves.usgs.gov/2017/05/outreach.html.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20170504
Ending_Date: 20170905

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned.

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.777222
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.070000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.813333
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.296667

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:5e1e05d7e4b0ecf25c610cc2

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Department of the Interior
Theme_Keyword: DOI
Theme_Keyword:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Office of Ocean Exploration and Research

Theme_Keyword: NOAA-OER
Theme_Keyword: Department of Energy
Theme_Keyword: DOE
Theme_Keyword: University of Rochester
Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2017-001-FA
Theme_Keyword: HRS1704
Theme_Keyword: Interagency Mission for Methane Research on Seafloor Seeps
Theme_Keyword: IMMeRSS
Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2017-002-FA
Theme_Keyword: HRS1713
Theme_Keyword: R/V Hugh R. Sharp
Theme_Keyword: shapefile
Theme_Keyword: Sippican XBT
Theme_Keyword: Seabird Electronics 911plus CTD
Theme_Keyword: SVP
Theme_Keyword: SSP
Theme_Keyword: PNG
Theme_Keyword: sound velocity profile
Theme_Keyword: sound speed profile
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: oceanography

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: location

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: profiles
Theme_Keyword: sound velocity
Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences
Theme_Keyword: navigational data

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: United States of America
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Margin
Place_Keyword: Accomac Canyon
Place_Keyword: Washington Canyon
Place_Keyword: Norfolk Canyon
Place_Keyword: Keller Canyon
Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Ridge

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Temporal_Keyword: 2017

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Wayne E. Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: Massachusetts
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5e1e05d7e4b0ecf25c610cc2/?name=2017-001-FA_2017-002-FA_SVPdata_browse.jpg

Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Example SVP profile image.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Demopoulos, A.
Originator: McClain-Counts, J.
Originator: Bourque, J.
Originator: Prouty, N.
Originator: Smith, B.
Originator: Brooke, S.
Originator: Ross, S.
Originator: Ruppel, C.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:

Examination of Bathymodiolus childressi nutritional sources, isotopic niches, and food-web linkages at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin using stable isotope analysis and mixing models.

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Deep Sea Research Part I
Issue_Identification: 148, pp.53-66

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Publisher: Elsevier

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.002

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Leonte, M.
Originator: Ruppel, C. D.
Originator: Ruiz‐Angulo, A.
Originator: Kessler, J. D.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Surface methane concentrations along the Mid‐Atlantic Bight driven by aerobic subsurface production rather than seaﬂoor gas seeps.

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Issue_Identification: vol. 125

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: American Geophysical Union Publications

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015989

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Leonte, M.
Originator: Ruppel, C. D.
Originator: Ruiz‐Angulo, A.
Originator: Kessler, J. D.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:

Water temperature, salinity, methane, methane stable isotopes, and others chemical parameters collected by CTD and Niskin bottles from research vessel Hugh R. Sharp in Mid-Atlantic Bight from 2017-08-25 to 2017-09-05.

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: dataset
Series_Information:

Series_Name: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Dataset
Issue_Identification: NCEI Accession 0209090

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, CO
Publisher: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.25921/pr39-4f13

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ruppel, C.
Originator: Demopoulos, A.
Originator: Prouty, N.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:

Exploring US Mid-Atlantic Margin Methane Seeps: IMMeRSS, May 2017.

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Supplement to Oceanography
Issue_Identification: 31(1), p.93

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Rockville, MD
Publisher: The Oceanography Society

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2018.supplement.01

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Sound velocity profiles were calculated from either Sippican Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT, T4 or T5 types) probe temperature and depth data or Seabird Electronics (SBE) 911plus conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) cast data. XBT probes were primarily launched during overnight geophysical mapping operations on both cruises, while CTD casts were conducted during daytime operations on 2017-002-FA only. 2017-001-FA_T4XBT01, 2017-001-FA_T4XBT05, 2017-001-FA_T4XBT07, and 2017-002-FA_T4XBT01 do not coincide with a trackline in '2017-001-FA_2017-002-FA_7160Tracklines.shp' or '2017-001-FA_2017-002-FA_EK60Tracklines' because the casts were conducted either prior to the start of geophysical survey operations or after they were completed. The approximately 11 meter profile for cast 2017-002-FA_CTD08 represents a test deployment of the CTD system in the Delaware River estuary.

Completeness_Report:

Each sound velocity profile (51 total) collected during cruises 2017-001-FA and 2017-002-FA is represented by a Caris .svp formatted ASCII text file (see description below in the entity and attribute overview section), a PNG image file, and a feature point location in '2017-001-FA_2017-002-FA_SVPdata.shp'.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Navigation for the XBT casts was provided using a Hemisphere GPS receiver. XBTs were launched from the center of the stern, ~ 16 m aft of the GPS antenna mounted on the aft 01 deck handrail and the positional offset was not accounted for. A HYPACK (v. 17.0.26.0) target was created to record the position of each SVP station, and the geographic coordinates were manually entered into the WinMK21 (version 7.1) acquisition software as casts were conducted. Navigation for the CTD casts was provided by the vessel's Furuno GP-37 GPS and logged to the raw data header. CTD operations were conducted from the CTD winch station located on the starboard side approximately amidships. While the horizontal position accuracy is thought to be within 3 meters for the GPS position solutions, we consider the positions for the XBT casts to be within approximately 20 m, since the offset to the stern launch position was not accounted for. Reported positions represent locations at the start of each cast.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

XBTs depths are estimated as a function of time after deployment via fall-rate equations by the WinMK21 (version 7.1) acquisition software and derived depths are accurate to within 2 percent of the water depth. SBE 911plus CTD depths are estimated by the Seabird Seasave (version 7.26.7) acquisition software via a calculation converting pressure sensor readings to depths while taking into account sea water density and gravity as a function of latitude, and the depths are thought to be accurate to within 1 meter.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: unpublished material
Title: XBT and CTD profile data

Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20170504
Ending_Date: 20170905

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: XBT and CTD profile data
Source_Contribution:

A Sippican XBT system consisting of a hand launcher connected via cable to an MK21 processing unit was used to launch Sippican T4 and T5 XBT probes (maximum depths of 460 and 1830 m, respectively) from the center stern of the vessel, and WinMK21 (version 7.1) acquisition software logged the temperature and depth data during each deployment. GPS navigation data for the sound velocity profiles were acquired using the WGS 84 coordinate system with a Hemisphere GPS receiver. XBTs were launched from the center of the stern, ~ 16 m aft of the GPS antenna mounted on the aft 01 deck handrail and the positional offset was not accounted for. A HYPACK (v. 17.0.26.0) target was created to record the position of each SVP station, and the geographic coordinates were manually entered into the WinMK21 (version 7.1) acquisition software as casts were conducted. CTD data were collected using an SBE 911plus CTD system, consisting of a 9plus CTD unit deployed from the CTD winch station located on the starboard side approximately amidships, with data transferred via the winch wire through a slip ring, and logged by an 11plus deck unit and Seabird Seasave (version 7.26.7) acquisition software in real time. Navigation for the CTD casts was provided by the vessel's Furuno GP-37 DGPS and logged to the raw data header.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

XBT and CTD deployment and data and processing at sea:
During 2017-001-FA and 2017-002-FA XBT probes were generally deployed at the start and end of each overnight geophysical watch and intermittently when the multibeam bathymetric data were substantially impacted by sound speed related refraction artifacts. The Raw XBT EDF files recorded by the WinMK21 (version 7.1) acquisition software were imported into SVPEditor (version 1.0.5), which calculated a sound velocity profile via the UNESCO equation (Fofonoff and Millard, 1983) using the temperature profile data and a synthetic salinity profile estimated from World Ocean Atlas (2009) data at the location of the cast. The resulting sound velocity profiles were exported in Caris .svp and HYPACK .vel formatted ASCII files. CTD casts were primarily performed during daytime operations of 2017-002-FA only. R/V Sharp technicians used Seabird Seasave (version 7.26.7) to acquire and process the raw CTD HEX data, with one of the resulting outputs being a .sv_csv sound velocity profile for the downward portion of the cast, also calculated using the UNESCO equation. A python script was used to extract the time and position for the start of the cast from the processed .csv file, and the processed depth and sound velocity columns from the .sv_csv file and save them to a Caris .svp formatted ASCII file. (Fofonoff, N.P. and Millard Jr, R.C. (1983) Algorithms for the computation of fundamental properties of seawater. Paris, France, UNESCO, 53pp. (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Sciences; 44), http://hdl.handle.net/11329/109)
This process step and all subsequent process steps were conducted by the same person - Wayne Baldwin.

Process_Date: 201709
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Wayne E. Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Plot the SVP data and import into SpatiaLite database:
A python script was used to read the SVP data and plot the sound speed profile as speed of sound (meter/second) versus depth (meters). Position, date, and time were pulled from the SVP header and written into the image (PNG) for reference. Within the same script, the position, Julian day, time, and profile id were also imported into a SpatiaLite (version 4.3.0) enabled SQLite (version 3.26.0) database table. The geographic positions were used to create point geometries for the station locations, and additional fields indicating Survey_ID, Vessel_ID, Device_ID, and SVP_Image were added.

Process_Date: 201910

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Create Esri shapefile containing the point data:
The SVP point features were added (Add Data) into ArcMap (version 10.7.1) from the SQLite database, then exported (Right click on database feature class > Data > Export Data) to the new Esri point shapefile '2017-001-FA_2017-002-0FA_SVPdata.shp'.

Process_Date: 201910

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.

Process_Date: 20200806
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross

Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 2017-001-FA_2017-002-FA_SVPdata.shp
Entity_Type_Definition:

Sound velocity profile location shapefile for surveys 2017-001-FA and 2017-002-FA (51 point features).

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lon
Attribute_Definition: Decimal degree longitude value in GCS WGS 84.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -75.777222
Range_Domain_Maximum: -74.07
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .000001

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lat
Attribute_Definition: Decimal degree latitude value in GCS WGS 84.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 35.296667
Range_Domain_Maximum: 37.813333
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .000001

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SVP
Attribute_Definition:

Name of sound velocity profile used to distinguish between casts. Profile names containing 'XBT' refer to the Sippican XBT casts, and those containing 'CTD' refer to Seabird Electronics 911plus CTD casts (in names for XBT casts, the probe type is prepended to 'XBT'; the last two digits in each XBT and CTD casts indicates sequential cast number.)

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values: