Polygons of global undersea features for geographic searches

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Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Stephen R. Hartwell
Originator: Dana K. Wingfield
Originator: Alan O. Allwardt
Originator: Frances L. Lightsom
Originator: Florence L. Wong
Publication_Date: 2018
Title: Polygons of global undersea features for geographic searches
Edition: version 1.1
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data, linked data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141040
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1040/
Description:
Abstract:
A shapefile of 311 undersea features from all major oceans and seas has been created as an aid for retrieving georeferenced information resources. Version 1.1 of the data set also includes a linked data representation of 299 of these features and their spatial extents. The geographic extent of the data set is 0 degrees E to 0 degrees W longitude and 75 degrees S to 90 degrees N latitude.
Many of the undersea features (UF) in the shapefile were selected from a list assembled by Weatherall and Cramer (2008) in a report from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) to the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names (SCUFN). Annex II of the Weatherall and Cramer report (p. 20-22) lists 183 undersea features that "may need additional points to define their shape" and includes online links to additional BODC documents providing coordinate pairs sufficient to define detailed linestrings for these features. For the first phase of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project, Wingfield created polygons for 87 of the undersea features on the BODC list, using the linestrings as guides; the selected features were primarily ridges, rises, trenches, fracture zones, basins, and seamount chains. In the second phase of the USGS project, Wingfield and Hartwell created polygons for an additional 224 undersea features, mostly basins, abyssal plains, and fracture zones.
Because USGS is a Federal agency, the attribute tables follow the conventions of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) GEOnet Names Server (http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/).
Purpose:
These polygons are provided as criteria for selecting georeferenced data from other databases. The precision of geographic searches in any system that employs these polygons will depend on the nature of the search algorithm.
This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
These data are intended for science researchers, students, policymakers, and the general public. The shapefile can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. The linked data representation can be incorporated in a triple store that supports GeoSPARQL queries.
Supplemental_Information:
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Spatial Extents for Marine Gazetteers project.
Project Leaders:
Frances L. Lightsom, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (flightsom@usgs.gov)
Alan O. Allwardt, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (aallwardt@usgs.gov)
Project background:
Gazetteers of terrestrial and marine regions, including the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), GEOnet Names Server (GNS), GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names, and VLIZ Marine Gazetteer (VLIMAR), generally provide single-point locations or rectangular bounding boxes for named features, because the primary function of these gazetteers is to standardize geographic name usage. Many geospatial information services, however, would be improved if the authoritative place names from these gazetteers were associated with polygons representing the actual spatial extents of the features in question.
The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) has created and compiled polygons to facilitate the retrieval of georeferenced information resources related to named oceans and seas, undersea features, coastal features and waterways, and relevant administrative areas including the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) counties. Geospatial information systems with the capability for searching user-defined, polygonal geographic areas will be able to utilize these shapefiles or secondary products derived from them, such as linked data based on well-known text (WKT) representations of the individual polygons within the shapefiles.
Several USGS information systems could benefit from these CMGP products:
1. USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov>
2. USGS Science Data Catalog <https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/>
3. USGS Publications Warehouse <https://pubs.er.usgs.gov>
4. ScienceBase <https://www.sciencebase.gov/>
In this context, the primary purpose of including spatial extents for the place names in a gazetteer is to assist information retrieval rather than to establish precise boundaries.
Planned project products, compiled for incorporation into gazetteers:
1. Major ocean and sea boundaries (as defined by the International Hydrographic Organization and VLIMAR), incorporated into USGS gazetteers.
2. Defined spatial extents for high-priority undersea features, incorporated into the GEBCO Gazetteer (in collaboration with Lisa A. Taylor and John C. Cartwright, NOAA).
3. Spatial extents of named high-priority U.S. coastal features and waterways, incorporated into an authoritative gazetteer.
4. Spatial extents of relevant U.S. administrative areas, such as Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) counties (Hartwell and others, 2013).
Project results:
The project will improve communication about coastal and marine activities and enhance usability and interoperability of geospatial data services. The project will lay a foundation for future improvements by demonstrating formats and systems that can be used for incorporating additional spatial extents into marine gazetteers.
Project outcome:
People will be more successful in using familiar place names when they are looking for USGS projects and information, and other federally funded geospatial information, about coastal and offshore features.
Project objective:
To generate a set of databases, in a standard format, that use polygons to define the spatial extents of named oceans and seas, undersea features, coastal features and waterways, and relevant administrative areas.
Glossary of terms, acronyms, and abbreviations:
       ACUF           - U.S. BGN Advisory Committee on Undersea Features
                            <http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/acuf.html>
       BGN            - U.S. Board on Geographic Names
                            <https://geonames.usgs.gov/>
       BODC           - British Oceanographic Data Centre
                            <https://www.bodc.ac.uk/>
       CMGDS          - USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System
                            <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/>
       CMGP           - USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program
                            <https://marine.usgs.gov/>
       GAZ            - gazetteer
       GEBCO          - General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (IHO-IOC)
                            <https://www.gebco.net/>
       GIS            - geographic information system
       GMIS           - USGS Geospatial Management Information System (USGS Intranet)
       GNIS           - Geographic Names Information System
                            <https://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/>
       GNS            - GEOnet Names Server
                            <http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/>
       IHO            - International Hydrographic Organization
                            <http://www.iho.int/>
       IOC            - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)
                            <http://ioc-unesco.org/>
       Linestring       - (aka polyline) an open graphic element composed of straight-line segments connected at the vertices.
       NGA            - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
                            <https://www.nga.mil/>
       NOAA           - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            <https://www.noaa.gov/>
       Polygon        - a closed graphic element composed of straight-line segments connected at the vertices.
       SCUFN          - GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names
                            <https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/undersea_feature_names/>
       Shapefile      - geospatial vector data format that describes geometries as points, linestrings, and polygons (see above). A single shapefile may contain multiple features of the same geometry (several individual polygons, for instance).
       UF             - undersea feature
       UNESCO         - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
                            <https://en.unesco.org/>
       USGS           - U.S. Geological Survey
                            <https://www.usgs.gov/>
       VLIMAR         - VLIZ Marine Gazetteer (now incorporated in the Marine Regions website)
                            <http://www.marineregions.org/>
       VLIZ           - Flanders Marine Institute
                            <http://www.vliz.be/en>
       WKT            - well-known text, a markup language for vector geometry objects
                            <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text>
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National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 2013, NGA GEOnet names server (GNS): NGA database, available online at <http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/> (last accessed April 2, 2018).
National Ocean Service, 1983a, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, Bear Seamount [NOS NJ 19-3]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1983b, Bathymetric map -- Oregon Coast, Newport [NOS NL 10-10]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1983c, Bathymetric map -- Pacific Ocean, Noyo Canyon [NOS NJ 10-1]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1983d, Bathymetric map -- Santa Cruz [NOS NJ 10-11]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1984a, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, Jordan Basin [NOS NK 19-3]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1984b, Multibeam surveys -- Vizcaino Canyon [LM133]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:100,000.
National Ocean Service, 1985, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, northeastern United States [BR-1]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:1,000,000.
National Ocean Service, 1986a, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, southeastern United States [BR-3]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:1,000,000.
National Ocean Service, 1986b, Bathymetric map -- Eastern Gulf of Mexico [BR-6]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:1,000,000.
National Ocean Service, 1988a, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, Andros [NOS NG 17-12]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1988b, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, Bahamas [NOS NG 17-6]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1989, Bathymetric map -- California coast, Monterey Canyon [LM137]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, scale 1:100,000.
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National Ocean Survey, 1975b, Bathymetric map -- Garden Banks -- Gulf of Mexico [NOS NG 15-2]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey, scale 1:250:000.
National Ocean Survey, 1977, Bathymetric map -- Atlantic Ocean, Wilmington Canyon [NOS NJ 18-6]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey, scale 1:250,000.
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National Ocean Survey, 1978c, Bathymetric map -- Gulf of Mexico, Ewing Bank [NOS NH 15-12]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey, scale 1:250,000.
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Normark, W.R., Piper, D.J.W., Romans, B.W., Covault, J.A., Dartnell, P., and Sliter, R.W., 2009, Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland: Geological Society of America Special Paper 454, p. 141-168.
Normark, W.R., Piper, D.J.W., and Stow, D.A.V., 1983, Quaternary development of channels, levees, and lobes on middle Laurentian Fan: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 67, no. 9, p. 1400-1409.
Normark, W.R., and Reid, J.A., 2003, Extensive deposits on the Pacific plate from late Pleistocene North American glacial lake outbursts: Journal of Geology, v. 111, no. 6, p. 617-637.
O'Connor, J.M., and Duncan, R.A., 1990, Evolution of the Walvis Ridge-Rio Grande Rise hot spot system -- Implications for African and South American plate motions over plumes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B11, p. 17475-17502.
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Peterson, C.P., Kulm, L.D., and Gray, J.J., 1986, Geologic map of the ocean floor off Oregon and the adjacent continental margin [GMS-42]: State of Oregon, Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, scale 1:500,000.
Piper, D.J.W., Stow, D.A.V., and Normark, W.R., 1984, The Laurentian Fan -- Sohm Abyssal Plain: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 141-146.
Pratt, R.M., 1967, The seaward extension of submarine canyons off the northeast coast of the United States: Deep-Sea Research, v. 14, no. 4, p. 409-420.
Pratt, R.M., and Heezen, B.C., 1964, Topography of the Blake Plateau: Deep-Sea Research, v. 11, no. 5, p. 721-728.
Pushcharovsky, Y., 2010, Tectonic structure and geodynamics of the divide between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans: Geotectonics, v. 44, no. 3, p. 228-236.
Rabinowitz, P.D., 1974, Seismic profiling between Bowers Ridge and Shirshov Ridge in the Bering Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 79, no. 32, p. 4977-4979.
Reid, J.A., and Normark, W.R., 2003, Tufts Submarine Fan -- Turbidity-current gateway to Escanaba Trough: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2216, 23 p.
Robinson, D.P., Henry, C., Das, S., and Woodhouse, J.H., 2001, Simultaneous rupture along two conjugate planes of the Wharton Basin earthquake: Science, v. 292, no. 5519, p. 1145-1148.
Rodriguez, A.B., Anderson, J.B., Siringan, F.P., and Taviani, M., 2004, Holocene evolution of the east Texas coast and inner continental shelf -- Along-strike variability in coastal retreat rates: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 74, no. 3, p. 405-421.
Rosencrantz, E., 1990, Structure and tectonics of the Yucatan Basin, Caribbean Sea, as determined from seismic reflection studies: Tectonics, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1037-1059.
Ross, S.L., and Zierenberg, R.A., 2009, Sidescan sonar imagery of the Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge, offshore northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2907, 1 sheet, scales differ.
Roworth, E., and Signell, R.P., 1998, Construction of digital bathymetry for the Gulf of Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-801.
Sandwell, D.T., and Schubert, G., 1982, Geoid height-age relation from SEASAT altimeter profiles across the Mendocino Fracture Zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, no. B5, p. 3949-3958.
Sclater, J.G., von der Borch, C., and others, 1974, Regional synthesis of the Deep Sea Drilling results from Leg 22 in the eastern Indian Ocean, in von der Borch, C.C., Sclater, J.G., and others, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, volume XXII: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 815-831.
Shepard, F.P., and Emery, K.O., 1941, Submarine topography off the California coast -- Canyons and tectonic interpretation: Geological Society of America Special Paper 31, 171 p., 4 charts.
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Shepard, F.P., Marshall, N.F., McLoughlin, P.A., and Sullivan, G.G., 1979, Currents in submarine canyons and other seavalleys: Tulsa, Okla., American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 173 p.
Skogseid, J., and Eldholm, O., 1987, Early Cenozoic crust at the Norwegian continental margin and the conjugate Jan Mayen Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92, no. B11, p. 11471-11491.
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Stevenson, A.J., and Embley, R., 1987, Deep-sea fan bodies, terrigenous turbidite sedimentation, and petroleum geology, Gulf of Alaska, in Scholl, D.W., Grantz, A., and Vedder, J.G., eds., Geology and resource potential of the continental margin of western North America and adjacent ocean basins -- Beaufort Sea to Baja California [Earth Science Series, volume 6]: Houston, Tex., Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, p. 503-522.
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Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2018
Currentness_Reference: publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 89
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -74
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:839a9460-8969-499f-b84f-24744b5c9cfc
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: gazetteer
Theme_Keyword: undersea feature
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: gazetteers
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords v. 6.0.0.0.0
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: abyssal hills
Theme_Keyword: continental margins
Theme_Keyword: fracture zones
Theme_Keyword: ocean plateaus
Theme_Keyword: seamounts
Theme_Keyword: submarine canyons
Theme_Keyword: trenches
Theme_Keyword: water depth
Theme_Keyword: coral reefs
Theme_Keyword: shoals
Theme_Keyword: marine volcanism
Theme_Keyword: mid-ocean ridges
Theme_Keyword: seafloor topography
Theme_Keyword: abyssal plains
Theme_Keyword: ocean ridges
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GEOnet Names Server (GNS)
Theme_Keyword: ridge
Theme_Keyword: trench
Theme_Keyword: bank
Theme_Keyword: banks
Theme_Keyword: basin
Theme_Keyword: canyon
Theme_Keyword: escarpment
Theme_Keyword: scarp
Theme_Keyword: fan
Theme_Keyword: fracture zone
Theme_Keyword: knoll
Theme_Keyword: plain
Theme_Keyword: plateau
Theme_Keyword: ridges
Theme_Keyword: reef
Theme_Keyword: reefs
Theme_Keyword: rise
Theme_Keyword: seachannel
Theme_Keyword: shelf
Theme_Keyword: shoal
Theme_Keyword: shoals
Theme_Keyword: shelf valley
Theme_Keyword: slope
Theme_Keyword: seamount
Theme_Keyword: spur
Theme_Keyword: terrace
Theme_Keyword: tablemount
Theme_Keyword: guyot
Theme_Keyword: trough
Theme_Keyword: valley
Theme_Keyword: cordillera
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GEBCO
Theme_Keyword: abyssal plain
Theme_Keyword: channel
Theme_Keyword: seamount chain
Theme_Keyword: geographic names
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alexandria Digital Library Feature Type Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: seafloor features
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GEOnet Names Server (GNS)
Place_Keyword: Arabian Sea
Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea
Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
Place_Keyword: Black Sea
Place_Keyword: Caribbean Sea
Place_Keyword: Coral Sea
Place_Keyword: Greenland Sea
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico
Place_Keyword: Indian Ocean
Place_Keyword: Labrador Sea
Place_Keyword: Mediterranean Sea
Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: North Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: North Sea
Place_Keyword: Norwegian Sea
Place_Keyword: Philippine Sea
Place_Keyword: South Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: South Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: Southern Ocean
Place_Keyword: Tasman Sea
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Feature polygons are defined for general reference and are not to be construed as legal boundaries.
This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.
This data set has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this data set has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ESRI shapefile format, this metadata file may include some ESRI-specific terminology.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Contact_Person: Frances L. Lightsom
Contact_Position: Supervisory Oceanographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2242
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: flightsom@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1040/data/undersea_features.gif
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: browse graphic of undersea features shapefile
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Attributes or characteristics of each polygon were newly composed for this project and checked against cited maps and other publications.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All polygons are closed. Polygons intersecting 180 degrees longitude are composed of two or more merged polygons. Polygons representing features occupying multiple discrete locations are defined by multiple merged polygons. All nodes defining polygons are represented by a single coordinate pair.
Completeness_Report:
Features contained in this report were selected based on previous research interest within the USGS. Officially recognized features that have not been the focus of substantial USGS research are not covered in this report. Twelve features included in the shapefile are excluded from the linked data representation: eleven features that are not listed in GNS; and one polar feature for which WKT could not be created.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Polygons were digitized at scales between 1:40,000 and 1:10,000,000 with vertices spaced between 2 and 1,500 kilometers.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Many of the undersea features in the shapefile were selected from a list assembled by Weatherall and Cramer (2008) in a report from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) to the GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names (SCUFN). Annex II of the Weatherall and Cramer report (p. 20-22) lists 183 undersea features that "may need additional points to define their shape" and includes online links to additional BODC documents providing coordinate pairs sufficient to define detailed linestrings for these features.
For the first phase of the USGS project, Wingfield created polygons for 87 of the undersea features on the BODC list, using the linestrings as guides; the selected features were primarily ridges, rises, trenches, fracture zones, basins, and seamount chains. In the second phase of the USGS project, Wingfield and Hartwell created polygons for an additional 224 undersea features, mostly basins, abyssal plains, and fracture zones. Polygons were created and compiled in a single shapefile, using ArcGIS version 9.3.1, with the aid of historical bathymetric maps and bathymetric raster data -- the ETOPO1 global relief model (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, 2009) was used unless noted otherwise in the COMMENTS attribute field. Primary scientific literature was used to resolve ambiguous feature extents and is cited in the COMMENTS attribute field. Maps from the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) and the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) were also consulted as needed but are not cited in the COMMENTS attribute field. Adjacent polygons were snapped together, except for clearly overlapping and nested features.
The UFI and DSG attributes follow the GEOnet Names Server geographic information system (GIS) compatible format (http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/gis_countryfiles.html). UFI and DSG values are taken from the GNS database. The federally approved name in GNS is given in the UF_NAME attribute field (except as noted in the COMMENTS attribute field). Variant names used by GEBCO or USGS are listed in the VAR_NAME attribute field if applicable. Polygon centroids (CENT_LAT and CENT_LONG attribute fields) were determined using ArcGIS Calculate Geometry, in the WGS 84 geographical coordinate system. (CENT_LONG values for features crossing the 180th meridian were estimated by inspection in ArcMap.) The centroid of a highly irregular or non-convex feature may fall outside the perimeter of the polygon, as this calculated value represents the average center.
Depth ranges included in the COMMENTS attribute field for some features represent the approximate depth in meters below sea level. These values were obtained by examining bathymetric maps and bathymetric raster data to determine the minimum and maximum depths that define the feature and its spatial extent. Depth ranges typically apply to features such as basins, plains, and seamounts, which are reasonably defined by closed isobaths, but do not apply to features such as canyons, fans, and escarpments. AREA_SQKM values were determined using ArcGIS Calculate Geometry, with datum WGS 84 and sinusoidal (equal area) projection. The sinusoidal projection preserves area but distorts perimeter values for high-latitude features.
Processing date 2009 to 2014.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
To create the linked data, Hartwell first extracted the vertices of the polygons from the shapefile along with the values of five selected attributes: UFI, DSG, UF_NAME, VAR_NAME, and COMMENTS. Allwardt then converted the coordinate pairs (vertices) to WKT notation for polygons and added three new attributes to the five extracted from the shapefile: GNS feature notes (from GNS advanced search); use constraints (condensed from the shapefile metadata); and a link to the source shapefile in Open-File Report 2014-1040 (undersea_features.zip). The WKT and attribute values for each feature were assembled in a spreadsheet and then converted to linked data in Turtle format (Terse RDF Triple Language) following the recommendations of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C; 2014, 2015) and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC; 2012). This conversion required relabeling and merging some of the attributes to fit the classes and properties typically employed in linked data. In addition, the undersea feature designations, codes, and definitions employed in GNS (see United States Board on Geographic Names, 2005) were also converted to linked data.
Processing date 2015-2018.
Process_Date: 2018
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Fixed the process date format. Added the ADLFTT theme thesaurus keyword. Added a keyword to the USGS Thesaurus. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
Process_Date: 20180910
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
Process_Date: 20191118
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200908
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 311
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: undersea_features.shp
Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile for selected undersea features.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: UFI
Attribute_Definition:
Unique Feature Identifier. A number that uniquely identifies an undersea feature (UF) in GNS. A null value indicates that the feature is not listed in GNS (as noted in the COMMENTS attribute field).
Attribute_Definition_Source: GNS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique catalog number from GNS.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CENT_LAT
Attribute_Definition:
Centroid Latitude. Latitude of the UF centroid in decimal degrees: north latitudes are positive; south latitudes are negative.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -90
Range_Domain_Maximum: 90
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CENT_LONG
Attribute_Definition:
Centroid Longitute. Longitude of the UF centroid in decimal degrees: east longitudes are positive; west longitudes are negative.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -180
Range_Domain_Maximum: 180
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DSG
Attribute_Definition:
Feature Designation Code. A three- or four-character code that indicates the type of undersea feature represented. A null value indicates that the feature is not listed in GNS (as noted in the COMMENTS attribute field).
Attribute_Definition_Source: GNS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: 3-4 character code from GNS catalog.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: UF_NAME
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the undersea feature, without diacritics. The BGN standard name is used (unless feature is not listed in GNS, as noted in the COMMENTS attribute field).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Catalog name from GNS.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VAR_NAME
Attribute_Definition: Variant name used by GEBCO or USGS (if applicable).
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Name used by GEBCO or USGS.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COMMENTS
Attribute_Definition: Notes and abbreviated citations recorded by USGS project team.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Notes from this report
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: AREA_SQKM
Attribute_Definition:
Area of polygon in square kilometers (as calculated in sinusoidal projection).
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Area calculated using ArcMap.
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The primary linked data file, undersea_features.ttl, provides selected information from the source shapefile, undersea_features.shp. The shapefile attributes, UFI, DSG, UF_NAME, VAR_NAME, and COMMENTS, have been relabeled and merged as necessary to fit the classes and properties typically employed in linked data. Three new attributes have been added to the five extracted from the shapefile: GEOnet Names Server (GNS) feature notes (from GNS advanced search); use constraints (condensed from the shapefile metadata); and a link to the source shapefile in USGS Open-File Report 2014-1040 (Hartwell and others, 2014). The vertices extracted from the shapefile for each feature have been converted to Well-known text (WKT) notation for polygons. The supplemental linked data file, undersea_feature_designations.ttl, provides the undersea feature designations, codes, and definitions employed in GNS (U.S. Board on Geographic Names, 2005). Both linked data files are expressed in Turtle format (Terse RDF Triple Language) following the recommendations of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C; 2008, 2014, 2015) and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC; 2012).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: GEOnet Names Server (GNS): http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Hartwell, S.R., and others, 2014, Polygons of global undersea features for geographic searches (undersea_features.shp), U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1040: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141040
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), 2012, GeoSPARQL -- a geographic query language for RDF data: http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/geosparql
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
U.S. Board on Geographic Names, 2005, Policies and guidelines for the standardization of undersea feature names: http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/Docs/GUIDELINES05.doc
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2008, Best practice recipes for publishing RDF vocabularies: https://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-vocab-pub/
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2014, RDF 1.1 Turtle, Terse RDF Triple Language: https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2015, Linked Data Platform 1.0: https://www.w3.org/TR/ldp/
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Contact_Person: Frances L. Lightsom
Contact_Position: Supervisory Oceanographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2242
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: flightsom@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: USGS OFR 2014-1040
Distribution_Liability:
This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
This data set has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although this data set has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ArcGIS 9.3.1 shapefile.
Format_Version_Number: 9.3.1
Transfer_Size: 0.35
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: RDF 1.1 Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
Format_Version_Number: 1.1
Transfer_Size: 0.35
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240318
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Contact_Person: Frances L. Lightsom
Contact_Position: Supervisory Oceanographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2242
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2014-1040/undersea_features.html>
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