Seafloor character--Offshore of Carpinteria, California

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Phillips, Eleyne L., Erdey, Mercedes D., and Cochrane, Guy R., 2013, Seafloor character--Offshore of Carpinteria, California:.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Johnson, Samuel Y., Dartnell, Peter, Cochrane, Guy R., Golden, Nadine E., Phillips, Eleyne L., Ritchie, Andrew C., Kvitek, Rikk G., Greene, H. Gary, Endris, Charles A., Seitz, Gordon G., Sliter, Ray W., Erdey, Mercedes D., Wong, Florence L., Gutierrez, Carlos I., Krigsman, Lisa M., Draut, Amy E., Hart, Patrick E., and Cochran, Susan A., 2013, California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Carpinteria, California: Scientific Investigations Map SIM 3261, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

   Online Links:

   • http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3261/

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.624582
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.426462
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.419275
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.288012
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 2006

   Ending_Date: 2007

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 7062 x 8943 x 1, type Pixel
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is WGS 1984 UTM Zone 11N.
      

      Projection parameters:

      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000000002220024164500956
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meter
      The horizontal datum used is D WGS 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreCarpinteria.tif.vat

   The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project. (Source: ESRI)

   Rowid

   Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

   VALUE

   This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting five substrate classes (I to V) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value; Depth Zone 4, add 20 to grid value; and Depth Zone 5, add 30 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value. (Source: ESRI)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	15
   Units:	Integers 1 - 15 on the basis of classification method described in chapter 4 and on sheet 5 of SIM 3261 ("California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Carpinteria"), available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3261/.

   COUNT

   The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE). (Source: ESRI)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1072
   Maximum:	23005459
   Units:	Integers 1081 - 23005459 pixel count.

   SLOPE

   The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (5 degrees to 30 degrees), 3 (30 degrees to 60 degrees), or 4 (60 degrees to 90 degrees). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	Integer value 1 representing slope class of <5 degrees as described above.

   DEPTH_ZONE

   The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m; Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	Integer values 2-3 representing slope classes as described above.

   SUBSTRATE

   Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Rugged anthropogenic features 5. Smooth anthropogenic features (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	5
   Units:	Integer values 1-5 representing substrate classes as described above.

   SUBST_DESC

   Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Rugged anthropogenic material; Class 5, Smooth anthropogenic material (Source: USGS) Names are in text form, maximum length: 50

   FULL_DESC

   Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, High backscatter, high rugosity; related to development by humans; Class 5, High backscatter, low rugosity; related to development by humans (Source: USGS) Names are in text form, maximum length: 250

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Eleyne L. Phillips
   • Mercedes D. Erdey
   • Guy R. Cochrane
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Guy Cochrane

   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Geophysicist

   400 Natural Bridges Dr.

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   USA

   (831) 460-7555 (voice)

   (831) 427-4709 (FAX)

   gcochrane@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify local seafloor character.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: Jun-2012 (process 1 of 4)

   The seafloor-character map was produced using video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truth surveying, applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008), available at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf. The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity. Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool (for details, see Sappington and others, 2007). Classes I, II, and III were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV (rugged anthropogenic material) and V (smooth, hard anthropogenic material) values are subclasses of seafloor class III, these pixels were depicted based on visual characteristics and known location of man-made features. The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example, trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, with which individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The five substrate classes were then colored to indicate which of the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes they belong: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), and Slope Class 1, 0 degrees to 5 degrees (flat). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zones 4 and 5 (greater than 100 m), and Slopes Classes 2 to 4, greater than 5° (sloping to vertical) are not present in this map area.

   Date: 05-Oct-2017 (process 2 of 4)

   Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Alan O. Allwardt

   Contractor -- Information Specialist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7551 (voice)

   831-427-4748 (FAX)

   aallwardt@usgs.gov

   Date: 26-Apr-2018 (process 3 of 4)

   Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Alan O. Allwardt

   Contractor -- Information Specialist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7551 (voice)

   831-427-4748 (FAX)

   aallwardt@usgs.gov

   Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 4 of 4)

   Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

   Marine Geologist

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)

   508-457-2310 (FAX)

   vatnipp@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   Pixel resolution 2 m.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GPS unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, <https://buy.garmin.com/shop/store/assets/pdfs/specs/gpsmap76c_76cs_spec.pdf>).
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Total coverage for the survey area is 100%. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   United States Geological Survey (USGS)

   400 Natural Bridges Drive

   Santa Cruz, California
   

   USA

   (831)460-7416 (voice)
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   These data not intended for navigational purposes. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, these data and information are provided with the understanding that they are not guaranteed to be usable, timely, accurate, or complete. Users are cautioned to consider carefully the provisional nature of these data and information before using them for decisions that concern personal or public safety or the conduct of business that involves substantial monetary or operational consequences. Conclusions drawn from, or actions undertaken on the basis of, such data and information are the sole responsibility of the user. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any data, software, information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Trade, firm, or product names and other references to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, express or implied, by the USGS, USDOI, or U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	ArcInfo GRID (version 10.0) Size: 60.23 MB
     Network links:	https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreCarpinteria/data/SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreCarpinteria.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 19-Oct-2020

Metadata author:

Mercedes D. Erdey

United States Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center

Geologist

400 Natural Bridges Drive

Santa Cruz, California

USA

(831)460-7416 (voice)

merdey-heydorn@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)