Location of bottom photographs along with images collected in July 2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, during field activity 2016-037-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Location of bottom photographs along with images collected in July 2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, during field activity 2016-037-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)
Abstract:
Geophysical and geological survey data were collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, in May and July 2016. Approximately 130 linear kilometers of subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, sea floor photographs, and (or) video at 26 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 19 of the 26 sampling sites and video and (or) photographic imagery of the sea floor were taken at all 26 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the sea floor by identifying sediment-texture, seabed morphology, and underlying geologic structure and stratigraphy. Data collected during these 2016 surveys are included in this data release: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV.
More information can be found on the websites for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activities at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-017-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-037-FA.
Supplemental_Information:
Bottom video, which may provide a better representation of the general seabed environment over a larger area, was also collected at each station (see shapefile 2016-037-FA_videos.shp available from the larger work citation). Physical sediment samples, which provide additional information about the seabed, were also collected at most stations and analyzed in the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (see 2016-037-FA_samples.csv available from the larger work citation). For more information about this field activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-037-FA. The sampling data were collected to ground truth (verify) acoustic data collected during USGS field activity 2016-017-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, Location of bottom photographs along with images collected in July 2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, during field activity 2016-037-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file): data release DOI:10.5066/P9HZHXXV, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Ackerman, Seth D., Foster, David S., Danforth, William W., and Huntley, Emily C., 2019, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016: data release DOI:10.5066/P9HZHXXV, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Danforth W.W., and Huntley, E.C., 2019, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.495902
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.459695
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.783768
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.764300
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c926dcfe4b0938824573d66/?name=2016-037-FA_photos_browse.jpg (JPEG)
    Image of bottom photograph locations off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 15-Jul-2016
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster, vector, and tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (51)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    2016-037-FA_photos
    Bottom photo locations and bottom photos collected during USGS survey 2016-037-FA off Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts, in 2016. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: Esri) Coordinates defining the features.
    PICNAME
    Name of bottom photograph used to uniquely identify between cameras and images: e.g., 2016037FA_GoPro4_20160715T132618Z_G0010273.JPG where 2016037FA refers to the field activity identifier, GoPro4 refers to the camera, 20160715T132618Z refers to the date and start time in the ISO 8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T [time separator] HHMMSS Z [Zulu/UTC time]), and G0010273.JPG refers to the sequential image number assigned to the photo by the camera. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish images.
    CAMERA
    Camera used to collect bottom photograph. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish between different camera models mounted on the grab sampler; however, for this survey, only one camera was used to collect bottom photos.
    GPSTIME
    UTC time of bottom photograph from GPS navigation file in the format HH:MM:SS. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish the UTC times of the bottom photos determined by the GPS.
    CAMR_TIME
    Camera time of bottom photograph in the format HH:MM:SS. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish the camera times of the bottom photos determined from the camera's internal clock.
    TIMEOFFSET
    Offset applied, if any, to match the bottom photograph to the correct time determined by the GPS navigation. This field is the time difference between the camera time and the GPS time in UTC in the format HH:MM:SS. A value of "00:00:00" indicates no offset was applied in processing. If the camera time were X seconds behind the GPS time, a positive offset of +X would be applied. If the camera were Y seconds ahead of the GPS time, a negative offset of -Y would be applied. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish the offset times of the bottom photos.
    JD
    Julian day that the bottom photograph was collected based on UTC time; Julian day is the integer number representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year (2016 for these data). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:197
    Maximum:197
    Units:days
    Resolution:1
    YEAR
    Year that the bottom photograph was collected (2016 for these data). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2016
    Maximum:2016
    Units:years
    Resolution:1
    DATE
    UTC date that the bottom photograph was collected in the format YYYYMMDD. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish dates.
    LAT
    Latitude of bottom photograph in geographic coordinates, WGS 84. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:41.7643000
    Maximum:41.7837683
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0000001
    LONG
    Longitude of bottom photograph in geographic coordinates, WGS 84. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-70.4959017
    Maximum:-70.4596950
    Units:decimal degrees
    Resolution:0.0000001
    FIELD_NO
    Station number as assigned in the field. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish station numbers.
    LINENAME
    Name of bottom video used to uniquely identify between cameras and video files: e.g., 2016037FA_SeaViewer_20160715T131053Z_CLIP0000004.mp4 where 2016037FA refers to the field activity identifier, SeaViewer refers to the camera, 20160715T131053Z refers to the date and start time in the ISO 8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T [time separator] HHMMSS Z [Zulu/UTC time]), and CLIP0000004.mp4 refers to the sequential video number assigned to the video by the camera. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish bottom videos.
    NEAR_SMP
    Field number of the nearest sediment sample from USGS survey 2016-037-FA. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish station numbers.
    NEAR_CLASS
    Sediment classification based on a rigorous definition (Shepard [1954] as modified by Schlee [1973] and Poppe and others [2014]) of the nearest sediment sample from USGS sampling survey 2016-037-FA. In the definitions below, gravel is defined as particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; sand consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; silt consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; and clay consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm. (Source: Modified from USGS East-Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary)
    ValueDefinition
    gravelGravel equal to or greater than 50 percent.
    gravelly sedimentGravel equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent.
    sandSand equal to or greater than 75 percent.
    DST_TO_SMP
    Distance in meters to the nearest sediment sample from USGS survey 2016-037-FA. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:781.7
    Units:meters
    Resolution:0.1
    FA_ID
    USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity identifier (e.g., 2016-037-FA where 2016 is the survey year, 037 is survey number of that year, and FA is Field Activity). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to distinguish field activities by year and ID number.
    DEVICE_ID
    Sampling device used to collect the bottom photograph. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to identify the sampling configuration used during the survey.
    VEHICLE_ID
    Vehicle (ship) used to collect data during survey 2016-037-FA. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) String used to identify the survey vessel.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The CSV file has the same attributes, except for FID (which is not included), with the same definitions.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset is used to display the images and locations of bottom photographs acquired with a GoPro HERO4 Black digital camera on the Mini SEABed Observation and Sampling System (MiniSEABOSS) aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Rafael by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center during USGS field activity 2016-037-FA (July 15, 2016). Imagery data serve as a means to visually classify grain size and are especially important for sites where no physical sediment sample was collected.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Original JPEG photographs and raw navigation files (source 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, Unpublished Material, Bottom photographs and navigation data.

    Type_of_Source_Media: disc
    Source_Contribution:
    Bottom photographs were acquired using the MiniSEABOSS. The observations from still and video cameras and the sediment data are used to explore the nature of the sea floor and, in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate acoustic remote sensing data. This setup of the MiniSEABOSS incorporates two GoPro HERO4 Black digital cameras, a downward-looking SeaViewer 6000 HD Sea-Drop video camera with topside feed, a modified Van Veen sediment sampler, and a dive light. A compass and depth sensor were attached to the sampler as well and are sometimes visible in the top-mounted GoPro to be used for troubleshooting as necessary. The elements of this particular MiniSEABOSS system are held within a stainless-steel frame that measures ~1 x 1 meters. The frame has a stabilizer fin that orients the system as it drifts over the seabed. A dive light was mounted at the top of the frame and aimed downward to illuminate the seabed for photographs. One of the GoPro HERO4 Black cameras was mounted lower, approximately 40 centimeters from the bottom, on the MiniSEABOSS frame and captured bottom photos every 5 seconds and backup video, while the other was mounted higher, approximately 70 centimeters from the bottom of the frame, and recorded additional backup bottom video. Two red lasers were set 20 centimeters apart (both as they are mounted on the MiniSEABOSS frame and as seen in photographs and video on the seabed) for scale measurements. The red laser dots can usually be seen in the imagery depending on the bottom type and distance to the sea floor. A third laser is positioned at an angle so that when it intersects the other lasers, the MiniSEABOSS is at the optimum height (approximately 75 centimeters) off the bottom for a still photograph. The R/V Rafael occupied one of the target stations and the MiniSEABOSS was deployed off the vessel's starboard side. The winch operator lowered the sampler until the sea floor was observed in the top-side live video feed. The vessel and sampler drifted with wind and current for up to a few minutes to ensure a decent image with a clear view of the sea floor and then at most stations the winch operator lowered the Van Veen sampler until it rested on the sea floor. When the system was raised, the Van Veen sampler closed and collected a sample as it was lifted off the sea floor. The sampler was recovered to the deck of the survey vessel where a subsample was taken for analysis at the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Sediment samples were only attempted in areas where collecting a sample would not damage the MiniSEABOSS; therefore, no samples were collected in areas with a cobble, boulder, or rocky seabed, as identified in real time using the top-side live video feed. The camera time during this survey was set to UTC; calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was 25 seconds ahead of the GPS time throughout the survey, so this time offset was corrected in the imagery processing. The imaged area is most often within 0.5 to 1.25 meters from left to right. DGPS navigation from a Hemisphere DGPS receiver was logged through HYPACK navigation software and a DataBridge data logger. The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84). A log file for the survey was saved in ASCII text format.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 15-Jul-2016 (process 1 of 10)
    Twenty-six stations were occupied aboard the R/V Rafael during USGS survey 2016-037-FA with the MiniSEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001). The MiniSEABOSS was equipped with a Van Veen grab sampler, two GoPro HERO4 Black digital cameras (a lower camera, which captured bottom photos every 5 seconds and backup video, and an upper camera, which recorded additional backup bottom video), and a downward-looking SeaViewer 6000 HD Sea-Drop video camera. The R/V Rafael occupied one of the target stations, the MiniSEABOSS was deployed, and then the vessel and MiniSEABOSS drifted with wind and current for up to a few minutes to ensure a decent image with a clear view of the sea floor. Bottom photos were acquired at all but one station (station 2016-037-001). Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Original JPEG photographs
    Date: 19-Jul-2016 (process 2 of 10)
    DGPS navigation from a Hemisphere DGPS receiver was logged through HYPACK navigation software and a DataBridge data logger. The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84). Dates and times were recorded in UTC. A log file for the survey was saved in ASCII text format. An AWK script (awkhypack.gpgga_v0_9.awk) was run on the log file to parse for the GPGGA navigation string and create an ASCII Comma Separated Value (CSV) text file. The output file was then reformatted using an AWK script (nav_time_reformat.awk), creating a final processed navigation file for the entire sampling survey. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Raw navigation file
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Processed navigation file
    Date: 04-Aug-2016 (process 3 of 10)
    Bottom photographs were reviewed to select the best one to three photos per station with a clear view of the sea floor for publication. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Original JPEG photographs
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Selected JPEG photographs
    Date: Jun-2018 (process 4 of 10)
    The original JPEG images alone do not represent spatial data; however, they can be geolocated by linking the time the image was taken, which was recorded in the JPEG files' Exchangeable image file format (Exif) headers, to the corresponding time in the navigation log. Camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often result in a time offset. The GoPro HERO4 Black camera time was set to UTC; calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was 25 seconds ahead of the GPS time throughout the survey, so this time offset was corrected in the imagery processing by subtracting 25 seconds from the camera time to derive the GPS time. To geolocate the bottom photos, a CSV file was created by matching the GPS time for the photos with a CSV file of the parsed navigation fixes in Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac. Person who carried out this activity:
    Emily Huntley
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geographer/Database Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Selected JPEG photographs
    • Processed navigation file
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Bottom photo locations CSV file
    Date: Jun-2018 (process 5 of 10)
    The bottom photo locations CSV file was reorganized to have fields for the filename, latitude, longitude, GPS date, and GPS time. A Python script (MCZM_writeexif_2_readfile.py) was run that incorporated the matched-up location data, along with additional survey information, into the appropriate tags in the Exif header of each JPEG image. The Python script uses ExifTool (version 10.17) to write the information to the image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags because various software packages access different tags. Please note that depending on the software used to view the Exif header tags, only a subset of these tags may be extracted. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers:

    GPS tags (these values are unique for each image and based on the matched-up location data):
    GPSLatitudeRef
    GPSLatitude
    GPSLongitudeRef
    GPSLongitude
    GPSTimeStamp
    GSPDateStamp

    JPEG tag and the information used to populate this tag, which is the same for every image:
    Comment: Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Rafael during survey 2016-037-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-037-FA).

    Exif tags and the information used to populate these tags, which is the same for every image:
    ImageDescription: Photograph of the sea floor offshore of Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-037-FA
    Artist: Seth D. Ackerman
    Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey

    International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) tags and the information used to populate these tags, which is the same for every image:
    Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
    Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
    Keywords: Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016-037-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS
    CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
    Caption-Abstract: Photograph of the sea floor offshore of Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-037-FA

    Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) tag and the information used to populate this tag, which is the same for every image:
    Caption: Photograph of the sea floor offshore of Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-037-FA

    To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 10.17):
    exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription *.JPG > out.csv

    The -csv option writes the information to a CSV file. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Person who carried out this activity:
    Emily Huntley
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geographer/Database Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Selected JPEG photographs
    • Bottom photo locations CSV file
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Updated Exif JPEG photographs
    Date: Dec-2018 (process 6 of 10)
    Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac was used to add new fields to the bottom photo locations CSV file, including an attribute for the camera (CAMERA), time offset applied to the camera time (TIMEOFFSET), Julian day of collection (JD), year of collection (YEAR), survey ID (FA_ID), sampling device used to collect the imagery (DEVICE_ID), and survey vessel (VEHICLE_ID). A field of the station number (FIELD_NO) was also added by using an array formula to find the nearest station time from the data acquisition log. Person who carried out this activity:
    Emily Huntley
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geographer/Database Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Bottom photo locations CSV file
    • Data acquisition log
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Edited bottom photo locations CSV file
    Date: Dec-2018 (process 7 of 10)
    A shapefile was created using the bottom photo locations CSV file in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1). XTools Pro (version 12.0) for Esri ArcGIS was used to modify field parameters (Table Operations - Table Restructure) in the point shapefile. Person who carried out this activity:
    Emily Huntley
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geographer/Database Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Edited bottom photo locations CSV file
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Bottom photo locations shapefile
    Date: 25-Feb-2019 (process 8 of 10)
    The photographs were renamed to include the field activity identifier, camera, and date and time in the ISO 8601 standard in the filename. Renaming the photos was done by creating a shell script with the original photo name and the new photo name with the date and time information parsed from the photo's Exif metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Updated Exif JPEG photographs
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Final Updated Exif JPEG photographs
    Date: Mar-2019 (process 9 of 10)
    The shapefile field of the bottom photograph names (PICNAME) was updated to match the new photo filenames, which include the field activity identifier, camera, and date and time in the ISO 8601 standard. Several attributes were also added to the shapefile using the Spatial Join tool in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1). First, the bottom photo locations shapefile was projected to WGS 84 UTM Zone 19N so that the distance in meters to the closest sediment sample could be calculated when running the Spatial Join tool. Next, a shapefile of the sediment sample locations was created in Esri ArcGIS using the sediment grain-size analysis CSV file. The Spatial Join tool was then run with the sediment samples shapefile to assign the station number of the closest sediment sample (NEAR_SMP), the sediment classification of the nearest sample (NEAR_CLASS), and the distance in meters between the bottom image and nearest sediment sample (DST_TO_SMP). The shapefile was then projected back to WGS 84 and unnecessary fields created when running the Spatial Join tool were deleted (i.e., Join_Count and TARGET_FID). The Spatial Join tool was run a second time with the bottom video tracklines shapefile to calculate the video trackline (LINENAME) for each bottom image using the intersect match option with a search radius of 2 meters. Unnecessary fields created when running the Spatial Join tool were deleted (i.e., Join_Count and TARGET_FID). Finally, the shapefile's attribute table was exported in Esri ArcGIS and saved as a CSV file. The FID field was deleted in the CSV file. Person who carried out this activity:
    Emily Huntley
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geographer/Database Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Bottom photo locations shapefile
    • Sediment grain-size analysis CSV file (2016-037-FA_samples.csv)
    • Bottom video tracklines shapefile (2016-037-FA_videos.shp)
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Final bottom photo locations shapefile
    • Final bottom photo locations CSV file
    Date: 07-Aug-2020 (process 10 of 10)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Blackwood, D., and Parolski, K., 2001, Seabed observation and sampling system: Sea Technology v. 42, no. 2, p. 39-43, Compass Publications, Inc., Arlington, VA.

    Shepard, F.P., 1954, Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology v. 24, no. 3., p. 151-158, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK.

    Online Links:

    Schlee, J.S., 1973, Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States - sediment texture of the northeastern part: Professional Paper 529-L, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Poppe, L.J., McMullen, K.Y., Williams, S.J., and Paskevich, V.F., 2014, USGS east-coast sediment analysis: Procedures, database, and GIS data: Open-File Report 2005-1001, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Bottom photos were acquired with a 12-megapixel GoPro HERO4 Black camera with the default settings; file sizes are generally between 1 and 3 MB on disc. Camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often result in an offset. The GoPro HERO4 Black camera time was set to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was 25 seconds ahead of the Global Positioning System (GPS) time throughout the survey. This time offset was corrected in the imagery processing.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The original JPEG images alone do not represent spatial data; however, the images were geolocated during post-processing by linking the time the photo was taken to the corresponding time in the navigation data. Sources of horizontal inaccuracy may be due to the camera time or navigation data. The GoPro HERO4 Black camera time was 25 seconds ahead of the GPS time throughout the survey, so this time offset was corrected in the imagery processing. Navigation for survey 2016-037-FA used Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (World Geodetic System of 1984 [WGS 84]). The recorded position of each photo is the position of the DGPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft of the R/V Rafael's cabin just port of the centerline, not the location of the MiniSEABOSS sampler. The MiniSEABOSS was deployed approximately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition to the +/- 2-meter offset, the sampler may drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Based on the various sources of horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of the bottom photograph locations is 2-4 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This dataset includes bottom photographs in JPEG format and a CSV file and shapefile of the locations of images collected during USGS survey 2016-037-FA. Twenty-six stations were occupied within the study area, and bottom photos were acquired at 25 of the stations with a GoPro HERO4 Black digital camera mounted on the MiniSEABOSS. The best one to three photos per station from all but one station (station 2016-037-001) are included in this dataset for a total of 51 images.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Two GoPro HERO4 Black cameras were mounted on the MiniSEABOSS: a lower camera, which acquired bottom photos and backup video, and an upper camera, which recorded additional backup bottom video. All bottom photographs were acquired with the lower GoPro camera. Gaps in sequential photo numbers exist because only the best one to three photos per station were selected for publication.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey-ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    USA

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? USGS data release 2016-037-FA contains bottom photo locations and images of the sea floor collected off Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts (2016-037-FA_photos.zip). This dataset contains the following files: a shapefile of the bottom photo locations (2016-037-FA_photos.shp); a CSV file of the bottom photo locations (2016-037-FA_photos.csv); 51 bottom images from the GoPro HERO4 Black digital camera; a browse graphic of bottom photo locations (2016-037-FA_photos_browse.jpg); and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata files in three standard formats.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This dataset contains data available as a point shapefile, a CSV file, and JPEG image files. The user must have software capable of reading shapefile format to use the point shapefile. The CSV file can be read with a text editor. An image viewer can be used to see the JPEG images.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 07-Aug-2020
Metadata author:
Emily Huntley
U.S. Geological Survey
Geographer/Database Specialist
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole, MA
USA

508-548-8700 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9HZHXXV/2016-037-FA_photos_meta.faq.html>
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