Topographic maps

Maps depicting the elevation and relief of the land surface or depth of a water body (bathymetry) in an area, usually shown using contour lines. Typically these maps include manmade features and administrative boundaries as well as vegetation and hydrographic features.
This category is also used for bathymetric maps, elevation maps, and topo maps.
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87 results listed alphabetically [list by similarity]
3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai

3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai, were created using structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques. The two study sites are located approximately 640 m from shore and approximately 20 m apart in the alongshore direction. At each site, an approximate 12-meter diameter area was imaged in three passes by a swimmer using a handheld digital camera. These images were fed into Structure-from-Motion (SfM) software to produce high-resolution (fine-scale), ...

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Aerial imagery from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018

This portion of the data release presents raw aerial imagery collected during an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted in a nadir orientation using a fixed mount. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light ...

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Aerial imagery from the UAS survey of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. A total of six flights were conducted for the ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, on 2019-06-05. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. For flights F01, F02, F03, F04, and F05 the ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, 2019-06-06

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, on 2019-06-06. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, on 2019-06-03. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The UAS was flown on pre ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, on 2019-06-04. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. Flights using both a nadir camera orientation and an oblique camera orientation were conducted. For the nadir flights (F04, F05, F06, F07, and F08), the camera was mounted ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, 2018-10-23

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta on 2018-10-23. The imagery was acquired using two Department of Interior owned 3DR Solo quadcopters fitted with Ricoh GR II digital cameras featuring global shutters. The cameras were mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in a roughly nadir orientation. The ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS surveys of beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, August 2017

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in August 2017. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The ...

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Aerial imagery from UAS surveys of beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, July 2021

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in July 2021. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The ...

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Contours--Offshore Coal Oil Point, California

This part of DS 781 presents bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of Offshore Coal Oil Point, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreCoalOilPoint.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreCoalOilPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreCoalOilPoint.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Dieter, B.E., Conrad, J.E., Lorenson, T.D., Krigsman ...

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Contours--Offshore Monterey, California

This part of DS 781 presents bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Monterey map area, California. This metadata file refers to the data included in "Contours_OffshoreMonterey.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Davenport, C.W., Kvitek, R.G., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., and Maier, K.L. (S.Y. Johnson ...

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Contours-Offshore of Bodega Head, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Bodega Head map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreBodegaHead.zip," which is accessible https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBodegaHead/data_catalog_OffshoreBodegaHead.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A ...

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Contours--Offshore of Bolinas, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Bolinas map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreBolinas.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBolinas/data_catalog_OffshoreBolinas.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Manson, M.W., Sliter, R.W., Endris, C.A., Watt, ...

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Contours--Offshore of Carpinteria, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Carpinteria map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreCarpinteria.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreCarpinteria/data_catalog_OffshoreCarpinteria.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Greene, H.G., Endris, C.A., ...

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Contours--Offshore of Fort Ross, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Fort Ross map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreFortRoss.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreFortRoss/data_catalog_OffshoreFortRoss.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., ...

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Contours Offshore of Point Reyes Map Map Area, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Point Reyes map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_PointReyes.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_PointReyes.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Watt, J.T., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C ...

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Contours--Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Salt Point map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreSaltPoint.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSaltPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreSaltPoint.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C ...

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Contours--Offshore of San Francisco, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of San Francisco map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreSanFrancisco.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanFrancisco/data_catalog_OffshoreSanFrancisco.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Endris, C.A., Manson, M.W. ...

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Contours--Offshore of San Gregorio, California

This part of SIM 3306 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of San Gregorio map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreSanGregorio.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanGregorio/data_catalog_OffshoreSanGregorio.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Watt, J.T., Golden, N.E., Endris, C.A., Phillips, E.L., Hartwell, S.R., Johnson, S.Y., ...

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Contours--Offshore of Santa Barbara, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreSantaBarbara.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data_catalog_OffshoreSantaBarbara.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Greene, H.G., Krigsman, L.M., Kvitek, ...

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Contours Offshore of Tomales Point, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Tomales Point map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreTomalesPoint.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreTomalesPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreTomalesPoint.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Watt, J.T., Kvitek, R.G., ...

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Contours--Offshore of Ventura, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the bathymetric contours of the Offshore of Ventura map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreVentura.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreVentura/data_catalog_OffshoreVentura.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Greene, H.G., Krigsman, L.M., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G.G., Gutierrez, C.I ...

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Contours--Offshore Refugio Beach, California

This part of DS 781 presents bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps of the Offshore of Refugio Beach, California, map area. The vector data file is included in "Contours_OffshoreRefugioBeach.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.ov/ds/781/OffshoreRefugioBeach/data_catalog_OffshoreRefugioBeach.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Krigsman, L.M., Dieter, B.E., Conrad, J.E., Greene, ...

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Digital Elevation Model of Oxbow Reservoir, Placer County, California, October 2022

This portion of the data release presents a digital elevation model (DEM) of portions of Oxbow Reservoir in Placer County, California. The DEM was created using topographic survey data collected on 26 October 2022, when the reservoir was partially de-watered to allow repairs to the dam infrastructure following the Mosquito Fire. Although the gates of the dam were open during this time, significant portions of the reservoir site remained inaccessible to surveyors due to the continued flow of the Middle Fork ...

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Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the lower Elwha River, Washington, water year 2013 to 2016

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the lower Elwha River, Washington, were created by synthesizing lidar and PlaneCam Structure-from-Motion (SfM) data. Lidar and still digital photographs were collected by airplane during surveys from 2012 to 2016. The digital photographs were used to create a SfM digital surface model. Each DEM represents the ending conditions for that water year (for example, the 2013 DEM represents conditions at approximately September 30, 2013). The final DEMs, presented here, were ...

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Digital surface model (DSM) and digital elevation model (DEM) of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and digital elevation model (DEM) of the exposed Los Padres Reservoir delta where the Carmel River enters the reservoir. The DSM and DEM have a resolution of 10 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) on 2017-11-01. The DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell, including vegetation, woody ...

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Digital surface model (DSM) for the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The DSM has a resolution of 4 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have ...

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Digital surface model (DSM) for the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade image of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The DSM has a resolution of 4 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been ...

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Digital surface model (DSM) for the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, 2018-10-23

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The DSM has a resolution of 10 centimeters per-pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) on 2018-10-23. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. ...

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Digital surface models (DSM) for the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSM) and hillshade images of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA. The DSMs have a resolution of 2.5 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-03. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and ...

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Digital Surface Models (DSM) from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, August 2017

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSM) of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The DSMs have resolutions of 10 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) during low tides on 7 and 8 August 2017. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSMs represent the elevation of the highest object within the bounds ...

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Digital Surface Models (DSM) from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, July 2021

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSM) of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The DSMs have resolutions of 10 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) during low tides on 22 and 23 July 2021. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSMs represent the elevation of the highest object within the bounds ...

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Digital Surface Models (DSM) from UAS surveys of the upper reservoir delta at Jenkinson Lake, El Dorado County, California

This portion of the data release presents high-resolution Digital Surface Models (DSM) of the Jenkinson Lake upper reservoir delta in El Dorado County, California. The DSMs have resolutions of 10 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected during surveys with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS). The surveys were on 2021-10-13, 2021-11-04, 2022-10-25, and 2023-11-13, and were generally timed to coincide with low water level in the reservoir to ...

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Digital surface models (DSMs) for the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, 2019-06-06

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSMs) and hillshade images of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA. The DSMs were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-06. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSMs represent the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, ...

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Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of the Whale's Tail Marsh region, South San Francisco Bay, CA

This portion of the data release presents digital surface models (DSM) of the Whale's Tail Marsh region of South San Francisco Bay, CA. The DSMs have resolutions of 5 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of repeat aerial imagery collected from fixed-wing aircraft. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), a DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, structures, and other objects have not been removed from the data. ...

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Georeferenced National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets for Grand Bay, Mississippi, and Surrounding Areas

Hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) and nautical charts produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide historic sounding (water depth) measurements of coastal areas. The data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS), adjusted to a modern vertical datum, and converted into a digital elevation model to provide an interpretation of the historic seafloor elevation. These data were produced to provide an estimate of historical bathymetry for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal ...

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Georeferenced scans of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) topographic sheets (T-Sheets) Collected Along the Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, Coastline from 1834-1875

Topographic sheets (t-sheets) produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide the position of past shorelines. The shoreline data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS) and compared to modern shoreline data to calculate estimates of long-term shoreline rates of change. Many t-sheets were scanned and digitized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available on the NOAA Shoreline web site (https://shoreline.noaa.gov/data/datasheets/t ...

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Grid File of Historical Bathymetric Soundings for Mississippi and Alabama Derived from National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets

Hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) and nautical charts produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide historic sounding (water depth) measurements of coastal areas. The data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS), adjusted to a modern vertical datum, and converted into a digital elevation model to provide an interpretation of the historic seafloor elevation. These data were produced to provide an estimate of historical bathymetry for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal ...

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Ground control point locations for the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. Twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of: nine submerged targets consisting of small (80 centimeter X 80 centimeter) ...

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Ground control point locations for the UAS survey of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01. Twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) consisting of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns were distributed throughout the area to establish survey control. The GCP positions were measured ...

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Ground control point locations for UAS survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA on 2019-06-05. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns ...

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Ground control point locations for UAS survey of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, 2019-06-06

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA on 2019-06-06. Nineteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout each survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns ...

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Ground control point locations for UAS survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA on 2019-06-04. Twenty-five temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and ...

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Ground control point locations for UAS survey of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, on 2019-06-03. Twelve temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout each survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white ...

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Ground control point locations for UAS survey of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, 2018-10-23

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) survey on of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta on 2018-10-23. The GCPs were used to establish ground control for the survey and consisted of 24 small (80 x 80 centimeter) square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns placed ...

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Ground control point locations for UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, August 2017

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the August 2017 unoccupied aerial system (UAS) surveys of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of ...

Info
Ground control point locations for UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, July 2021

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the July 2021 unoccupied aerial system (UAS) surveys of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, 2019-06-06

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic images of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA. The orthomosaics were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-06. The orthomosaics are presented with two resolutions: one image, covering the entire survey area, has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel; the other image which was derived from a lower-altitude flight, covers an inset ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic images of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA. The orthomosaics have a resolution of 1.3 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-03. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaics was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, 2018-10-23

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 3 centimeters per-pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) on 2018-10-23. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic image was acquired using two UAS fitted with Ricoh GR II digital cameras with ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents an RGB orthomosaic image of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2019-06-03. The orthomosaic is available in a high-resolution 6-centimeter (cm) version, as well as a medium-resolution 25 cm version. The high-resolution version is divided into two tiles (east and west) to reduce file download sizes. All imagery is provided in a three-band cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format, with 8-bit ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, expanded AOI, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents an RGB orthomosaic image of an expanded area surrounding Whiskeytown Lake derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2019-06-03. The orthomosaic is available in a high-resolution 14-centimeter (cm) version, as well as a medium-resolution 25 cm version. The high-resolution version is divided into two tiles (east and west) to reduce file download sizes. All imagery is provided in a three-band cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format, with ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, northern California, 2018-12-02

This portion of the data release presents an RGB orthomosaic image of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2018-12-02. The orthomosaic is available in a high-resolution 6-centimeter (cm) version, as well as a medium-resolution 25 cm version. The high-resolution version is divided into two tiles (east and west) to reduce file download sizes. All imagery is provided in a three-band cloud optimized GeoTIFF format, with 8-bit ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, northern California, 2019-11-12

This portion of the data release presents an RGB orthomosaic image of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2019-11-12. The orthomosaic is available in a high-resolution 6-centimeter (cm) version, as well as a medium-resolution 25 cm version. The high-resolution version is divided into two tiles (east and west) to reduce file download sizes. All imagery is provided in a three-band cloud optimized GeoTIFF format, with 8-bit ...

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Orthomosaic imagery for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, northern California, 2020-11-10

This portion of the data release presents an RGB orthomosaic image of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2020-11-10. The orthomosaic is available in a high-resolution 5-centimeter (cm) version, as well as a medium-resolution 25 cm version. The high-resolution version is divided into two tiles (east and west) to reduce file download sizes. All imagery is provided in a three-band cloud optimized GeoTIFF format, with 8-bit ...

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Orthomosaic imagery from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2.5 centimeters (cm) per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) on 24 June 2018. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre ...

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Orthomosaic imagery of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01

This portion of the data release presents a high-resolution orthomosaic image of the exposed Los Padres Reservoir delta where the Carmel River enters the reservoir. The orthomosaic has a resolution of 2.5 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) on 2017-11-01. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaic was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. ...

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Orthomosaic images from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, August 2017

This portion of the data release presents high-resolution orthomosaic images of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The orthomosaics have resolutions of 5 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) during low tide surveys on 7 and 8 August 2017. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaics was acquired with a UAS fitted with a Ricoh ...

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Orthomosaic images from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, July 2021

This portion of the data release presents high-resolution orthomosaic images of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The orthomosaics have resolutions of 5 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) during low tide surveys on 22 and 23 July 2021. The raw imagery used to create the orthomosaics was acquired with a UAS fitted with a Ricoh ...

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Orthomosaic images from UAS surveys of the upper reservoir delta at Jenkinson Lake, El Dorado County, California

This portion of the data release presents high-resolution orthomosaic images of the Jenkinson Lake upper reservoir delta in El Dorado County, California. The orthomosaics have resolutions of 2.5 centimeters per pixel and were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected during surveys with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS). The surveys were on 2021-10-13, 2021-11-04, 2022-10-25, and 2023-11-13, and were generally timed to coincide with low water level in the reservoir to ...

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Orthomosaic images of the middle and lower Elwha River, Washington, 2012 to 2017

This dataset presents 28 georeferenced orthomosaic images of the middle and lower reaches of the Elwha River. Each mosaic image was created by stitching together thousands of individual photographs that were matched based on numerous unique tie points shared by the photographs. The individual photographs were taken by a plane-mounted camera during multiple flights over the study area spanning 2012 to 2017. Because each mosaic is orthogonal to the earth's surface and is georeferenced to real-world ...

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Refraction-corrected bathymetric digital surface model (DSM) from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018

This portion of the data release presents a bathymetric digital surface model (DSM) from an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. The DSM has a horizontal resolution of 10 centimeters per pixel and has been corrected for the effects of refraction using the techniques described in Dietrich (2017a). The DSM was created from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected using a UAS with a Ricoh GR II digital camera fitted ...

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Refraction-corrected bathymetric point cloud from the UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, 24 June 2018

This portion of the data release presents a bathymetric point cloud from an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. The point cloud has been corrected for the effects of refraction using the techniques described in Dietrich (2017a). The point cloud was created from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected using a UAS with a Ricoh GR II digital camera fitted with a circular polarizing filter. During the survey, a ...

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Shapefile of Historical Bathymetric Soundings for Mississippi and Alabama Derived from National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets

Hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) and nautical charts produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide historic sounding (water depth) measurements of coastal areas. The data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS), adjusted to a modern vertical datum, and converted into a digital elevation model to provide an interpretation of the historic seafloor elevation. These data were produced to provide an estimate of historical bathymetry for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal ...

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Shapefile of Historical shorelines for Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, derived from previously unpublished National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 1834-1875 topographic sheets

Topographic sheets (t-sheets) produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide the position of past shorelines. The shoreline data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS) and compared to modern shoreline data to calculate estimates of long-term shoreline rates of change. Many t-sheets were scanned and digitized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available on the NOAA Shoreline website (https://shoreline.noaa.gov/data/datasheets/t ...

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Time Series of Structure-from-Motion Products - Digital Elevation Models: Little Dauphin Island and Pelican Island, Alabama, September 2018 to April 2019

Aerial imagery acquired with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS), in conjunction with surveyed ground control points (GCP) visible in the imagery, can be processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution orthomosaics, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs). This dataset, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), provides UAS survey data products consisting of DEMs ...

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Time Series of Structure-from-Motion Products - Digital Elevation Models: Madeira Beach, Florida, July 2017 to June 2018

Aerial imagery acquired with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS), in conjunction with surveyed ground control points (GCP) visible in the imagery, can be processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution orthomosaics, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs). This dataset, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), provides UAS survey data products consisting of DEMs ...

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Time Series of Structure-from-Motion Products - Point Clouds: Little Dauphin Island and Pelican Island, Alabama, September 2018 to April 2019

Aerial imagery acquired with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS), in conjunction with surveyed ground control points (GCP) visible in the imagery, can be processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution orthomosaics, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs). This dataset, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), provides UAS survey data products consisting of ...

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Time Series of Structure-from-Motion Products - Point Clouds: Madeira Beach, Florida, July 2017 to June 2018

Aerial imagery acquired with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS), in conjunction with surveyed ground control points (GCP) visible in the imagery, can be processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution orthomosaics, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs). This dataset, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), provides UAS survey data products consisting of ...

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Topographic digital surface model (DSM) for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, 2018-12-02

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2018-12-02. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, data artifacts resulting from noise and vegetation in the original ...

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Topographic digital surface model (DSM) for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2019-06-03. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, data artifacts resulting from noise and vegetation in the original ...

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Topographic digital surface model (DSM) for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, 2019-11-12

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2019-11-12. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, data artifacts resulting from noise and vegetation in the original ...

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Topographic digital surface model (DSM) for Whiskeytown Lake and surrounding area, 2020-11-10

This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade of Whiskeytown Lake and the surrounding area derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery acquired on 2020-11-10. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, data artifacts resulting from noise and vegetation in the original ...

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Topographic point cloud for the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA, 2019-06-05

This portion of the data release presents a topographic point cloud of the intertidal zone at Lone Tree Point, Kiket Bay, WA. The point cloud was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-05. The point cloud has 206,323,353 points with an average point density of 929 points per-square meter. The point cloud is tiled to reduce individual file sizes and is grouped within a zip file for downloading. Each point in the point ...

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Topographic point cloud for the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA, 2019-06-06

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the intertidal zone at Post Point, Bellingham Bay, WA. The point clouds were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-06. Two point clouds are presented with different resolutions: one point cloud (PostPoint_2019-06-06_pointcloud.zip) covers the entire survey area and has 145,653,2221 points with an average point density of 1,057 points per-square meter ...

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Topographic point cloud for the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, 2019-06-03

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the intertidal zone at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-03. The point clouds for Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park contain 74,565,548 and 122,791,637 points, respectively, at an approximate point spacing of 1 point every 2 centimeters. Each point contains an explicit horizontal and vertical ...

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Topographic point cloud for the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04

This portion of the data release presents a topographic point cloud of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The point cloud was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. The point cloud has 293,261,002 points with an average point density of 1,063 points per-square meter. The point cloud is tiled to reduce individual file sizes and is grouped within a zip file for downloading. Each point in the point cloud ...

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Topographic point cloud for the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, 2018-10-23

This portion of the data release presents a topographic point cloud of the Liberty Island Conservation Bank Wildlands restoration site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) on 2018-10-23. The point cloud contains 380,296,568 points at an approximate point density of 323 point per square-meter. Each point contains an explicit horizontal and vertical coordinate, color, intensity, and ...

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Topographic point cloud of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01

This portion of the data release presents a topographic point cloud of the exposed Los Padres Reservoir delta where the Carmel River enters the reservoir. The point cloud was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) on 2017-11-01. The point cloud has 115,819,907 points with an average point density of 611 points per-square meter. Each point in the point cloud contains an explicit horizontal and vertical coordinate, color, ...

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Topographic point clouds from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, August 2017

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The point clouds were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) on during low tide surveys on 7 and 8 August 2017. The point clouds from each survey are tiled into 1000 by 1000 meter tiles to reduce individual file sizes. The Fort Stevens point clouds have a ...

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Topographic point clouds from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, July 2021

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The point clouds were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) on 2017-11-01 during low tide surveys on 22 and 23 July 2021. The point clouds from each survey are tiled into 500 by 500 meter tiles to reduce individual file sizes. The Fort Stevens point clouds ...

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Topographic survey data of Oxbow Reservoir, Placer County, California, October 2022

This portion of the data release presents topographic survey data of portions of Oxbow Reservoir in Placer County, California. These data were collected on 26 October 2022, when the reservoir was partially de-watered to allow repairs to the dam infrastructure following the Mosquito Fire. Although the gates of the dam were open during this time, significant portions of the reservoir site remained inaccessible to surveyors due to the continued flow of the Middle Fork American River. Consequently, these data ...

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Transects with linear regression rates of change for GPS, Worldview, and aerial image shorelines for the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi from 2013-2020

Shoreline change analysis is an important environmental monitoring tool for evaluating coastal exposure to erosion hazards, particularly for vulnerable habitats such as coastal wetlands where habitat loss is problematic world-wide. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and emerging developments in analysis techniques support the implementation of these data into coastal management, including shoreline monitoring and change analysis. Geospatial shoreline data were created from a ...

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Transects with Shoreline Change Rates for the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi and Alabama from 1848 to 2017

This dataset contains shoreline change rates for the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve from 1848 to 2017. Shoreline data were obtained from multiple data sources, including the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve(GBNERR), and the Mississippi Office of Geology (MOG). Datasets were compiled and analyzed using the R package Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR) program. Rates of shoreline ...

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