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The Geology of Six Mile Reef, Eastern Long Island Sound

References

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Title Page
Introduction
Setting
Methods
Results
Discussion
Data Catalog
Acknowledgments
References
List of Figures
Contacts
Disclaimers

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Allen, J.R.L., 1982, Simple models for the shape and symmetry of tidal sand waves; (2) dynamically stable symmetrical equilibrium forms: Marine Geology, v. 48, p. 51-73.

Belderson, R.H., Johnson, M.A., and Kenyon, N.H., 1982, Bedforms, in A.H. Stride, ed., Offshore Tidal Sands, London, Chapman and Hall, p. 27-57.

Bokuniewicz, H.J., Gordon, R.B., and Kastens, K.A., 1977, Form and migration of sand waves in a large estuary, Long Island Sound: Marine Geology, v. 24, p. 185-199.

Beaulieu, E., Poppe, L.J., Paskevich, V.F., Doran, E.F., Chauveau, B.E., Crocker, J.M., Beaver, A.L., and Schattgen, P.T., 2005, Sidescan-Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Sea Floor off Bridgeport Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1162, DVD.

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Dalrymple, R.W., Knight, R.J., and Lambiase, J.J., 1978, Bedforms and their hydraulic stability relationships in a tidal environment, Bay of Fundy, Canada: Nature, v. 275, p. 100-104.

Fenster, M.S., Fitzgerald, D.M., Bohlen, W.F., Lewis, R.S., and Baldwin, C.T., 1990, Stability of giant sand waves in eastern Long Island Sound: Marine Geology, v. 91, p. 207-225.

Fenster, M.S., Fitzgerald, D.M., and Moore, M.S., 2006, Assessing decadal-scale changes to a giant sand wave field in eastern Long Island Sound: Geology, v. 34, p. 89-92.

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Goldsmith, R., 1982, Recessional moraines and ice retreat in southeastern Connecticut, in G.J. Larson and B.D. Stone ,eds., Late Wisconsinan Glaciation of New England, Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Publishing, p. 61-76.

Knebel, H.J. and Poppe, L.J., 2000, Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound; a regional overview: Thematic Section, Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, p. 533-550.

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Lewis, R.S. and Stone, J.R.,1991, Late Quaternary stratigraphy and depositional history of the Long Island Sound Basin; Connecticut and New York: Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 11, p. 1-23.

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Ludwick, J.C., 1972, Migration of tidal sand waves in Chesapeake Bay entrance, in D.J.P. Swift, D.B. Duane, and O.H. Pilkey, eds., Shelf Sediment Transport, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, p. 377-410.

Mckee, E.D., 1966, Structures of dunes at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico (and a comparison with structures of dunes from other selected areas): Sedimentology, v. 7, p. 1-69.

McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Paskevich, V.F., Doran, E.F., Moser, M.S., Christman, E.B., and Beaver, A.L., 2005, Surficial geologic interpretation and sidescan-sonar imagery of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1018, DVD.

Moore, M.S., Fenster, M.S., and Fitzgerald, D.M., 2004, Assessing long-term changes to giant sand waves in eastern Long Island Sound: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, v. 36, p. 87.

Nevin, C., 1946, Competency of moving water to transport debris: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 57, p. 651-674.

Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Zajac, R.N., Twichell, D.C., Schmuck, E.A., Parolski, K.F., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 1997, Acoustic interpretation and sidescan-sonar image of the Long Island Sound sea floor off Hammonasset Beach State Park, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map I-2588, 2 sheets, scale 1:7,500 and 1:15,000.

Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Denny, J.F., Parolski, M.L., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., and Tolderlund, D.S., 1998a, Sidescan-sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor in Niantic Bay, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map I-2625, 2 sheets, scale 1:11,750.

Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Denny, J.F., Parolski, K.F., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 1998b, Sidescan-sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation and bathymetry of Fishers Island Sound, Connecticut, New York, and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map I-2640, 2 sheets, scale 1:12,500.

Poppe, L.J. Lewis, R.S., Signell, R.P., Knebel, H.J., Persaud, M., Denny, J.F., Parolski, and K.F.,DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 1999a, Sidescan-sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor off Roanoke Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map I-2692, 2 sheets, scale 1:15,000 and 1:20,000.

Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Denny, J.F., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., and Parolski, K.F., 1999b, Sidescan-sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor around Falkner Island, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map I-2671, 2 sheets, scale 1:10,000.

Poppe, L.J., Knebel, H.J., Mlodzinska, Z.J., Hastings, M.E., and Seekins, B.A., 2000, Distribution of surficial sediment in Long Island Sound and adjacent waters; texture and total Organic Carbon: Thematic Section, Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, p. 533-550.

Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Knebel, H.J., Haase, E.A., Parolski, K.F., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2001, Sidescan-sonar images, surficial geologic interpretations, and bathymetry of New Haven Harbor, Connecticut, and the New Haven Dumping Ground, north-central Long Island Sound: U.S Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map I-2736, 2 sheets, pamphlet, 8 p.

Poppe, L.J., Paskevich, V.F., Lewis, R.S., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2002a, Geological framework data from Long Island Sound, 1981-1990; a digital data release: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-002, DVD.

Poppe, L.J., Knebel, H.J., Lewis, R.S., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, 2002b, Processes controlling the remobilization of surficial sediments and formation of sedimentary furrows in north-central Long Island Sound: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 18, 741-750.

Poppe, L.J., Paskevich, V.F., Moser, M.S., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., and Christman, E.B., 2004, Sidescan-sonar imagery and surficial geologic interpretation of the sea floor off Branford, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1003, CD-ROM.

Poppe, L.J, Eliason, A.E., Fredericks, J.J., Rendigs, R.R., Blackwood, D.S., and Paskevich, V.F., 2005, Grain-size analysis procedures, in Poppe, L.J., Williams, S.J., and Paskevich, V.F. ,eds., USGS east-coast sediment analysis; procedures, database, and GIS data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1001, DVD.

Poppe, L.J., Ackerman, S.D., Doran, E.F., Beaver, A.J., Crocker, J.M., and Schattgen, P.T., 2006a, Interpolation of reconnaissance multibeam bathymetry from north-central Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1145, DVD.

Poppe, L.J., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., Smith, S.M., Stewart, H.F., and Forfinski, N.A., 2006b, Sea floor character and sedimentary processes in eastern Long Island Sound and western Block Island Sound: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 27, p. 59-68.

Reineck, H.E. and Singh, I.B., 1980, Depositional Sedimentary Environments: Springer-Verlag, New York, 549 p.

Schafer, J.P. and Hartshorn, J.H., 1965, The Quaternary of New England, in H.E. Wright and D.G. Frey, eds., The Quaternary of the United States, Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 113-127.

Schlee, J., 1973, Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States -- sediment texture of the northeastern part: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-L, 64 p.

Shepard, F.P., 1954, Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios: Journal Sedimentary Petrology, v. 24, p. 151-158.

Signell, R.P., List, J.H., and Farris, A.S., 2000, Bottom currents and transport in Long Island Sound; a modeling study: Thematic Section, Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, p. 551-566.

Sirkin, L.A., 1982, Wisconsinan glaciation of Long Island, New York to Block Island, Rhode Island, in G.L. Larson and B.D. Stone, eds., Late Wisconsinan Glaciation of New England, Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, p. 35-60.

Stone, B.D. and Borns, H.W., 1986, Pleistocene glacial and interglacial stratigraphy of New England, Long Island, and adjacent Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine, in V. Sibrava, D.Q. Bowen, and G.M. Richmond, eds., Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, Oxford, Pergamon Press, p. 39-52.

Stone, J.R., Schafer, J.P., London, E.H., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., Lewis, R.S., and Thompson, W.B., 2005, Qusternary geologic map of Connecticut and Long Island Sound Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2784, 2 sheets and pamphlet.

Twichell, D.C., Zajac, R.N., Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Cross, V.A., Nichols, D., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 1997, Bathymetry, sidescan-sonar image, and surficial geological interpretation of Long Island Sound off Norwalk, CT: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map I-2589, 2 sheets, scale 1:10,000.

Twichell, D.C., R.N. Zajac, Poppe, L.J., Lewis, R.S., Cross, V.A., Nichols, D., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 1998, Bathymetry, sidescan-sonar image, and surficial geological interpretation of Long Island Sound off Milford, CT: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map I-2632, 2 sheets, scale 1:15,000.

Wentworth, C.K., 1922, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments: Journal of Geology, v. 30, p. 377-392.

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Williams, S.J., 1981, Sand resources and geological character of Long Island Sound: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Technical Paper 81-3, 65 p.

Zajac, R.N., Lewis, R.S., Poppe, L.J., Twichell, D.C., Vozarik, J., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2000, Relationships between sea floor structure and benthic communities in Long Island Sound at regional and benthoscape scales: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 627-640.

Zajac, R.N., Lewis, R.S., Poppe, L.J, Twichell, D.C., Vozarik, J., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2003, Responses of infaunal populations to benthoscape structure in eastern Long Island Sound, and the potential importance of transition zones: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 2, p. 829-842.


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