Water Column Features

Includes persistent or regularly occurring waves, layers, water masses, upwellings, stratifications, and fronts that are defined by patterns of water velocity, physical properties, and biogeochemical properties; these features are listed and defined in the Layer, Hydroform, and Biogeochemical Feature layers of the Water Column Component of CMECS. Distributions are records of currents, physical properties, or biogeochemical water properties, often based on shipboard surveys or coastal monitoring programs, and maps of currents or water property climatology, which indicate the expected locations of features under present conditions or apply a classification structure like that of CMECS. Assessments are data that provide information about the ecological or economic values, impacts, drivers, connections, or functions of water column features in their present distributions. Predictions are the results of models projecting future changes to currents or other persistent oceanographic features (for example, clines, stratification, connectivity, linkages, and zones of separation) due to climate change, ice-cap melt, and changing freshwater inputs; models predicting the ecological or economic impacts of these changes; and scenario-testing models comparing ecological or economic outcomes of different management actions.
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89 results listed by similarity [list alphabetically]
Near-shore seawater-column estimates of groundwater advection rate, Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016

In-situ near-shore seawater measurements of dissolved radon, conductivity, and water level were used to determine the advection rate of groundwater onto the fringing reef off Makua, HI, USA.

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Water-column environmental variables and accompanying discrete CTD measurements collected offshore the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic (ver. 2.0, July 2022)

Various water column variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, and radio-carbon isotopes were measured in samples collected using a Niskin-bottle rosette at selected depths from deepwater sites offshore the US Mid- and South Atlantic from September 2017 to April 2019. CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were also collected at each depth that a Niskin-bottle sample was collected and are presented along with the water sample data during the following five ...

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Near-shore seawater-column measurements of excess radon (Rn-222) and water levels, Faga'alu Bay, Tutuila, American Samoa, August 2018

This data table includes in-situ near-shore seawater measurements of excess radon (Rn-222) and water levels collected in Faga'alu Bay, Tutuila, American Samoa.

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Water-column environmental variables and accompanying discrete CTD measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA Ship Lasker R-19-05 (USGS field activity 2019-672-FA) from October to November 2019 (ver. 2.0, July 2022)

Various water column variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, radio-carbon isotopes were measured in samples collected using a Niskin-bottle rosette at selected depths from sites offshore of California and Oregon from October to November 2019 during NOAA Ship Lasker R-19-05 (USGS field activity 2019-672-FA). CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were also collected at each depth that a Niskin-bottle sample was collected and are ...

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Water column acoustic backscatter data from the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2013

Spatial surveys of water column acoustic backscatter were performed between May 28 and June 2, 2013, in the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington. These data were collected using a Biosonics DTX single-beam echosounder with 430 kHz transducer.

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Water-column environmental variables and accompanying discrete CTD measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018 (ver. 3.0, July 2022)

Various water column variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, radio-carbon isotopes were measured in samples collected using a Niskin-bottle rosette at selected depths from sites offshore of California and Oregon from October to November 2018 during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 on the R/V Bell M. Shimada (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA). CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were also collected at each depth that a Niskin-bottle sample was ...

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Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and turbidity collected between November 2017 and March 2018 off the west coast of Maui, Hawaii, USA

Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and turbidity collected between November 2017 and March 2018 off the west coast of Maui, Hawaii, USA. The data are available in NetCDF format, grouped together in zip files by instrument site location. These data support a modeling study on the effects of potential watershed restoration on decreasing sediment loads to adjacent reefs (Storlazzi and others, 2023).

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Tuvalu, South Pacific, wave and water level data, 2019

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired for 100 days at three locations off of the island of Nanumanga, three locations off of the island of Nanumea, three locations off of the island of Nui, two locations off of the island of Nikulaelae, and two locations off of the island of Niulakita, in the island nation of Tuvalu, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on ...

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Roi-Namur Island, Marshall Islands, wave and water level data, 2013-2015

Time series data of water surface elevation and wave height were acquired at ten locations for 517 days (in three separate deployments) off the north coast of Roi-Namur Island, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reefs were as follows: ROI13W1 and ROI13E1 – fore reef ROI13W2 and ROI13E2 – outer reef flat ROI13W1 and ROI13E1 – ...

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Rincon, Puerto Rico, wave and water level data, 2020

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired for 135 days at six locations off of the west coast of Rincon, Puerto Rico, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reef were as follows: PRI20N01 – offshore PRI20N02 and PRI20N03 – fore reef PRI20N35, PRI20N04 and PRI20N45 – reef flat

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HyCReWW database: A hybrid coral reef wave and water level metamodel

We developed the HyCReWW metamodel to predict wave run-up under a wide range of coral reef morphometric and offshore forcing characteristics. Due to the complexity and high dimensionality of the problem, we assumed an idealized one-dimensional reef profile, characterized by seven primary parameters. XBeach Non-Hydrostatic was chosen to create the synthetic dataset and Radial Basis Functions implemented in Matlab were chosen for interpolation. Results demonstrate the applicability of the metamodel to obtain ...

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Water depth time-series data collected in 2009 offshore of Wainwright, Alaska

A time-series of varying water depths were collected offshore of Wainwright, Alaska, from August 23 to October 02, 2009 (UTC). Measurements were collected with a built-in pressure transducer from a 1 MHz NortekTM AWAC acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a frame in approximately 10 m of water. The instrument was mounted to the frame at 0.55 m off the bottom of the seafloor. Reported depth values include the 0.55 m offset, and thus are depths relative to the seabed. These data are available in a ...

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Physicochemical measurements of the coastal aquifer and coastal groundwater discharge on Kalaupapa, Moloka'i, Hawaii

This data table includes in-situ near-shore seawater measurements of excess radon (Rn-222), tide and crater lake water levels and salinity collected in Kalaupapa, Moloka'i, Hawaii.

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San Juan, Puerto Rico, wave and water level data, 2018-2019

Time series data of water surface elevation and wave height were acquired at ten locations for 153 days off San Juan, on the north coast of Puerto Rico, in support of a study on the transformation of surface waves and resulting water levels over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reefs were as follows: PRI18E01, PRI18W01 – fore reef PRI18E02, PRI18W02 – reef crest PRI18E03, PRI18W03 – outer reef flat PRI18E04, PRI18W04 – middle reef flat PRI18E05, ...

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West Maui, Hawaiian Islands, wave and water level data, 2017

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired at ten locations for 75 days south of Lahaina, off of the west coast of the island of Maui, Hawaii, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reefs were as follows: MAU17TP1 and MAU17LA1 – middle fore reef MAU17TP2 and MAU17LA2 – upper fore reef MAU17TP3 and MAU17LA3 – outer reef flat ...

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Kwajalein Island, Marshall Islands, wave and water level data, 2013-2015

Time series data of water surface elevation and wave height were acquired at ten locations for 518 days (in three separate deployments) off the south coast of Kwajalein Island, Marshall Islands, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reefs were as follows: KWA13W1 and KWA13E1 – fore reef KWA13W2 and KWA13E2 – outer reef flat KWA13W1 and KWA13E1 – middle reef flat ...

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Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, wave and water level data, 2016

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired for 109 days at four locations off of the north coast and four locations off the south coast of Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reefs were as follows: BUI16S1T and BUI16N1T – fore reef BUI16S2T and BUI16N2T – outer reef flat BUI16S3T and BUI16N3T – ...

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Rincon, Puerto Rico, wave and water level data, 2019

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired for 147 days at eleven locations, in two cross-reef transects, off of the west coast of Rincon, Puerto Rico, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reef were as follows: PRI19N01 – offshore reef crest, north transect PRI19N02, PRI19N03 – offshore reef flat, north transect PRI19S03 – offshore reef flat, south ...

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Water level and velocity measurements from the 2012 University of Western Australia Fringing Reef Experiment (UWAFRE)

This data release contains water level and velocity measurements from wave runup experiments performed in a laboratory flume setting. Wave-driven water level variability (and runup at the shoreline) is a significant cause of coastal flooding induced by storms. Wave runup is challenging to predict, particularly along tropical coral reef-fringed coastlines due to the steep bathymetric profiles and large bottom roughness generated by reef organisms. The 2012 University of Western Australia Fringing Reef ...

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Ofu, American Samoa, wave and water level data, 2020

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired for 399 days at four locations on the southern reef of Ofu, American Samoa, in support of a study on submarine groundwater dynamics on this reef within the National Park of American Samoa’s Ofu Unit. The relative placement of sensors on the reef were as follows: OFU20E03 – mid reef at East site; OFU20E04 – inner reef at East site; OFU20W03 – mid reef at West site; OFU20W04 – inner reef at West site.

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Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, wave and water level data, 2018

Time series data of water surface elevation, wave height, and water column currents and temperature were acquired at seven locations for 86 days off of Waiakane on the south coast of the island of Molokai, Hawaii, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reef were as follows: MKK18C01 – offshore MKK18C02 and MKK18C09 – fore reef MKK18C18 – reef crest MKK18C20 – ...

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Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, wave and water level data, 2015

Time series data of wave height and water surface elevation were acquired for 147 days at four locations off of the north coast and four locations off the south coast of Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs. The relative placement of sensors on the reefs were as follows: BUI15S1T and BUI15N1T – fore reef BUI15S2T and BUI15N2T – outer reef flat BUI15S3T and BUI15N3T – ...

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Time-series measurements of pressure, conductivity, temperature, and water level collected in Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, 2018 to 2021

Pressure, conductivity, temperature, and water level relative the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) were measured at seven locations in Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, from November 2, 2018 to June 4, 2021. These data were collected using submersible pressure-conductivity-temperature sensors mounted on piers to support studies of extreme water levels and flooding hazards in the region.

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Hydrodynamic model of the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2017-2020

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the lower Columbia River (LCR) was constructed using the Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM) modeling suite to simulate water levels, flow, and seabed stresses for time period of January 1, 2017 to April 20, 2020. This data release describes the construction and validation of the model application and provides input files suitable to run the model on Delft3D Flexible Mesh software version 2021.01.

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Coral reef profiles for wave-runup prediction

This data release includes representative cluster profiles (RCPs) from a large (>24,000) selection of coral reef topobathymetric cross-shore profiles (Scott and others, 2020). We used statistics, machine learning, and numerical modelling to develop the set of RCPs, which can be used to accurately represent the shoreline hydrodynamics of a large variety of coral reef-lined coasts around the globe. In two stages, the data were reduced by clustering cross-shore profiles based on morphology and hydrodynamic ...

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Hydrodynamic and sediment transport data from San Pablo Bay (northern San Francisco Bay), 2011-2012

The U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center collected data to investigate sediment dynamics in the shallows of San Pablo Bay in two deployments: February to March 2011 (ITX11) and May to June 2012 (ITX12). This data release includes time-series data and grain-size distributions from sediment grabs collected during the deployments. During each deployment, time series of current velocity, water depth, and turbidity were collected at several stations in the shallows, and one station in ...

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BEWARE database: A Bayesian-based system to assess wave-driven flooding hazards on coral reef-lined coasts

A process-based wave-resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non-Hydrostatic, ‘XBNH’) was used to create a large synthetic database for use in a “Bayesian Estimator for Wave Attack in Reef Environments” (BEWARE), relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef-lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE improves system understanding of reef hydrodynamics by examining the intrinsic reef and extrinsic forcing factors controlling runup and flooding on ...

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Vessel-mounted acoustic-doppler current profiler (ADCP) and surface-wind data from the National Park of American Samoa, Tutuila, American Samoa, 2015

Spatial surveys of water column currents and surface winds were conducted from February 17 to 20, 2015, off the north coast of the island of Tutuila, American Samoa. These data were collected using an acoustic-doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a meterological sensor in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns within and in the vicinity of the National Park of American Samoa.

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Time-series oceanographic data from the National Park of American Samoa, Tutuila, American Samoa, 2015

Time-series data of water surface elevation, wave height, and water column currents, temperature, and salinity were acquired for 150 days between 13 April and 14 July 2015 off the north coast of the island of Tutuila, American Samoa in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns within and in the vicinity of the National Park of American Samoa.

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Lagrangian ocean surface drifter deployments off the National Park of American Samoa, Tutuila, American Samoa, 2015

Satellite-tracked, DGPS-equipped Lagrangian surface-current drifter deployments were conducted over 12 weeks between 14 April and 7 July 2015 at various locations within and offshore of the National Park of American Samoa study area to track surface currents. The drifters internally logged their location every 1 minute, and they transmitted their positions to satellites every 5 minutes. A drogue was attached to the drifters at 1 m below sea level in order to track the currents at that depth.

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Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profile data in the National Park of American Samoa, Tutuila, American Samoa, 2015

Spatial surveys of water column physical properties were acquired with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler for four days in February 2015 and one day in July 2015 off the north coast of the island of Tutuila, American Samoa in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns within and in the vicinity of the National Park of American Samoa.

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Vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data from the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2013

Spatial surveys of water column currents were performed between June 14 and 16, 2013, in the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington. These data were collected using an acoustic-doppler current profiler (ADCP).

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Oceanographic time-series measurements from the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2013

Time-series data of water surface elevation, wave height, and water column currents, temperature, salinity, and acoustic seabed images were acquired for 38 days between 9 May and 15 June, 2013 in the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington.

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Hydrodynamic modeling of the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2013

A process-based numerical model of the mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) and estuary, Oregon and Washington, was applied to simulate hydrodynamic conditions for the time period of the Office of Naval Research-funded River and Inlets Dynamics (RIVET II) field experiment conducted between May 9 and June 15, 2013. The model application was constructed using Delft3D, an open-source software package used to solve the unsteady shallow water equations to simulate water motion due to tides, waves, wind, and ...

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Lagrangian drifter data from the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2013

Lagrangian surface currents were measured using drifters equipped with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. A total of 8 drifter deployments were performed between May 25 and June 8, 2013. For each deployment, drifters were released within the MCR and their positions were recorded until the drifters were recovered. The average duration of the drifter deployments varied between 1.6 h and 17.2 h and the number of drifters released in a deployment ranged between 11 and 84. The initial positions ...

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Dynamically downscaled future wave projections from SWAN model results for the main Hawaiian Islands

Projected wave climate trends from WAVEWATCH3 model output were used as input for nearshore wave models (for example, SWAN) for the main Hawaiian Islands to derive data and statistical measures (mean and top 5 percent values) of wave height, wave period, and wave direction for the recent past (1996-2005) and future projections (2026-2045 and 2085-2100). Three-hourly global climate model (GCM) wind speed and wind direction output from four different GCMs provided by the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project ...

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Time-series oceanographic data from the Monterey Canyon, CA October 2015 - March 2017

Time-series data of water depth, velocity, turbidity, and temperature were acquired between 5 October 2015 and 21 March 2017 within the Monterey Canyon off of Monterey, CA, USA. In order to better understand the triggering, progression and evolution of turbidity currents in Monterey Submarine Canyon, an experiment was designed to directly measure velocity, suspended sediment and physical water properties (temperature, salinity and density) along the canyon axis during an 18-month period. Three moorings in ...

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Oceanographic measurements obtained offshore of the Elwha River delta in coordination with the Elwha River Restoration Project, Washington, USA, 2010-2014

Time-series data of velocity, pressure, turbidity, conductivity, and temperature were collected near the mouth of the Elwha River, Washington, USA, from December 2010 through October 2014, for the Department of Interior’s Elwha River Restoration project. As part of this project, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the effects of renewed sediment supplies on the coastal ecosystems before, during, and following the removal of two dams, Elwha and Glines Canyon, from the Elwha River. Removal of the dams ...

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Model parameter input files to compare locations of coral reef restoration on different reef profiles to reduce coastal flooding

This dataset consists of physics-based XBeach Non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic models input files used to study how coral reef restoration affects waves and wave-driven water levels over coral reefs, and the resulting wave-driven runup on the adjacent shoreline. Coral reefs are effective natural coastal flood barriers that protect adjacent communities. Coral degradation compromises the coastal protection value of reefs while also reducing their other ecosystem services, making them a target for restoration. ...

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Time-series data on currents, waves, and turbidity off Santa Cruz, CA, 2014-2015

Time series data of water surface elevation, wave height, currents, and turbidity were acquired during the winters of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 in support of a study on the morphological change of rippled scour depressions off Santa Cruz, CA. One set of instruments (SCW) was mounted at the end of Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf during both winters. Another set of instruments (M1T) was deployed offshore in Monterey Bay each winter; the two offshore winter locations were different, but each were about 0.5 km ...

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Coastal Marine Geology Program Video and Photograph Portal

Access to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s (CMGP) vast collection of unique and valuable seafloor and coastal imagery is made available in the CMGP Video and Photograph Portal. The portal provides a single location for data discovery and viewing. The CMGP and our research partners invest immense resources collecting, processing, and archiving seafloor and oblique coastal video and photographs. Until the publication of the CMGP Video and Photograph Portal in 2015, only ...

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CTD profile measurements collected along the Cascadia margin for the FK190612 expedition in June 2019

CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were collected along the Cascadia margin for the FK190612 expedition in June 2019

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BEWARE2 database: A meta-process model to assess wave-driven flooding hazards on morphologically diverse, coral reef-lined coasts

This dataset contains the reef profiles and resulting hydrodynamic outputs of the "Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments" (BEWARE-2) meta-process modeling system. A process-based, wave-resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non-Hydrostatic+, "XBNH+") was used to create a large synthetic database for use in BEWARE-2, relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef-lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE-2 improves system understanding ...

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HLY1102_Healy_Discrete

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1102_Healy_Continuous

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1102_CTD_casts

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1002_Healy_Discrete

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months, when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive datasets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1002_Healy_Continuous

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months, when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive datasets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1002_CTD_casts

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months, when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive datasets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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Discharge measurements from transects of a tidal creek in Corte Madera Marsh, Northern San Francisco Bay, California, during 2022 and 2023.

Corte Madera Marsh, located in northern San Francisco Bay, California, is experiencing shoreline erosion. Determining whether the eroded sediment is exported to the bay or imported via tidal channels and deposited on the marsh platform is critical to understanding the long-term response of the marsh to wave attack and sea-level rise. Quantifying water-column sediment flux helps to characterize the role of tidal channels in this process, and water discharge is a key component of sediment flux. Tidal creek ...

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Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profile data from transects of Whales Tail Marsh tidal creeks, South San Francisco Bay, California during 2021 and 2022

Spatial surveys of water column physical properties were acquired with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler for five (5) surveys in summer 2021 and three (3) surveys in winter 2021-2022 during king tides along transects of tidal creeks in the Whales Tail Marsh, South San Francisco Bay, California. The data are provided in netCDF files.

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Discharge measurements from transects of Whales Tail Marsh tidal creeks, South San Francisco Bay, California, during 2021 and 2022

Whales Tail Marsh, a restored salt pond in South San Francisco Bay, California, is experiencing rapid shoreline erosion. Determining whether the eroded sediment is exported to the ocean or imported via tidal channels and deposited on the marsh platform is critical to understanding the long-term response of the marsh to wave attack and sea-level rise. Quantifying water-column sediment flux helps to characterize the role of tidal channels in this process, and water discharge is a key component of sediment ...

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Wave observations from bottom-mounted pressure sensors along the West side of Whidbey Island, Washington from Dec 2018 to Jan 2020

RBRduo pressure and temperature sensors mounted on aluminum frames, were moored in shallow (4-9 m) water depths along the West side of Whidbey Island, Washington, to measure wave heights and periods. Continuous pressure fluctuations were transformed into surface-wave observations of wave heights, periods, and frequency spectra at 30-minute intervals.

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Modeled surface waves from winds in South San Francisco Bay

A model application using the phase-averaged wave model SWAN was developed to simulate wind waves in South San Francisco Bay, California, between May 30, 2021, and May 19, 2022. This data release describes the development of the model application, provides input files suitable for running the model using Delft3D version 4.04.01, and includes output from the model simulations in netCDF format.

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Vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021

This dataset contains water velocity data derived from spatial surveys performed with a vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler at four sites (SKM, SLG, LDB, WLW) in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, in 2021. The data are provided in netCDF (.nc) format and compressed into .zip archives for each site.

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Sound velocity vs. depth plots and CTD cast data collected in April 2021 offshore Santa Cruz, California during USGS field activity 2021-619-FA

Sound velocity and CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) cast data were collected at 9 sites offshore Santa Cruz, CA during USGS field activity 2021-619-FA in April of 2021. Aboard the R/V Parke Snavely (RVPS), a SonTek CastAway-CTD was used to collect these data at in the upper 67 meters of the water column. these data is provided in csv format, a shapefile of cast locations, as well as PNG plots of the speed of sound as a function of depth for each cast location.

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Model parameter input files to compare effects of stream discharge scenarios on sediment deposition and concentrations around coral reefs off west Maui, Hawaii

This dataset consists of physics-based Delft3D model and Delwaq model input files used in modeling sediment deposition and concentrations around the coral reefs of west Maui, Hawaii. The Delft3D models were used to simulate waves and currents under small (SC1) and large (‘SC2’) wave conditions for current stream discharge (‘Alt1’) and stream discharge with watershed restoration (‘Alt3’). Delft3D model results were subsequently used as forcing conditions for Delwaq models to simulate sediment ...

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Oceanographic time-series measurements collected in Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, 2019 to 2021

Bottom-landing and floating platforms with instrumentation to measure currents, waves, water level, optical turbidity, water temperature, and conductivity were deployed at four locations in Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA. Platforms were deployed in three separate periods: July 30, 2019–November 14, 2019, November 19, 2019–February 5, 2020, and January 22, 2021–April 13, 2021. These data were collected to support studies of sediment delivery, transport, deposition, and resuspension in this Pacific ...

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Hydrodynamic and sediment transport model of the mouth of the Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2020-2021

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model application of the mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) was constructed using the Delft3D4 (D3D) modeling suite (Deltares, 2021) to simulate water levels, flow, waves, and sediment transport for time period of September 22, 2020, to March 10, 2021. The model was used to predict the dispersal of sediment from a submerged, nearshore berm composed of sediment that was dredged from the entrance to the MCR navigation channel and placed on the northern ...

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USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2012: Discrete Underway Laboratory data

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent; however, few comprehensive datasets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic carbon ...

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Current profiler time-series data collected in 2009 offshore of Wainwright, Alaska

A time-series of binned current-velocities and recorded ping amplitudes were collected offshore Wainwright, Alaska, from August 24 to October 02, 2009 (UTC). Measurements were collected using a 1 MHz NortekTM AWAC acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a frame in approximately 10 m of water. The profiler was mounted on the frame 0.55 m off the bottom of the seafloor, and collected data in 8 vertical bins, centered at 1.95(bin1), 2.95, 3.95, 4.95, 5.95, 6.95, 7.95, and 8.95(bin8) meters above the ...

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Peak marine sparker amplitude data from calibrated source and receive hydrophones collected in April 2021 offshore Santa Cruz, California (USGS field activity 2021-619-FA), and pressure vs. offset plots

Peak amplitude values recorded at source and receive hydrophones during a two-vessel marine sparker seismic survey conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in April of 2021 off the coast of Santa Cruz, California (USGS field activity 2021-619-FA) are presented. On the source vessel (R/V Parke Snavely; RVPS), near-field data were recorded using a broadband spherical reference Reson TC4034 hydrophone positioned 1-meter below the sparker source (either a SIG ELP790 or an Applied Acoustics Delta sparker) ...

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Marine sparker SEG-Y seismic data recorded aboard the R/V San Lorenzo using receive hydrophones during USGS field activity 2021-619-FA offshore Santa Cruz, California in April of 2021

Seismic data were recorded from the R/V San Lorenzo (RVSL; receive vessel) of a two-vessel marine sparker seismic survey conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in April of 2021 off the coast of Santa Cruz, California (USGS field activity 2021-619-FA). The R/V Parke Snavely (RVPS; source vessel) towed a marine sparker sound source along seven depth site transects ranging between 25 and 600 meters. The RVSL maintained a nearly stationary position at the midpoint of each transect and recorded sound ...

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Marine sparker source SEG-Y seismic data recorded aboard the R/V Parke Snavely during USGS field activity 2021-619-FA offshore Santa Cruz, California in April of 2021

Seismic data were recorded aboard the R/V Parke Snavely (RVPS; source vessel) during USGS field activity 2021-619-FA. Data were recorded with a broadband spherical reference Reson TC4034 hydrophone positioned directly below the SIG ELP790 or the Applied Acoustics Delta sparker source which were towed from the stern of the vessel. Source data were recorded as the R/V Parke Snavely made several passes along 7 different water depth transects and are presented in SEG-Y format. Shot point navigation are provided ...

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CTD profile measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise RL-19-05 (USGS field activity 2019-672-FA) from October to November 2019

CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were collected offshore of California and Oregon from October to November 2019 during NOAA cruise RL-19-05 (USGS field activity 2019-672-FA). This data release supersedes version 1.0, published in August 2020 at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZS1JX8. Versioning details are documented in the accompanying VersionHistory_P9JKYWQU.txt file.

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CTD profile measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018

CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were collected offshore of California and Oregon from October to November 2018 during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 on the R/V Bell M. Shimada (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA). This data release supersedes version 2.0, published in September 2021 at https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DIQZ5. Versioning details are documented in the accompanying VersionHistory_P99MJ096.txt file.

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Wave time-series data collected in 2009 offshore of Wainwright, Alaska

Time series wave data were collected offshore of Wainwright, Alaska, from August 24 to October 02, 2009 (UTC). Measurements were collected using a 1 MHz NortekTM AWAC acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a frame in approximately 10 m of water. The instrument was mounted to the frame at 0.55 m off the bottom of the seafloor, and collected data in 8.53-minute bursts at 2 Hz. Significant wave heights (Hs), maximum significant wave heights (Hmax), peak and mean wave periods (Tp and Tm, respectively), ...

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USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2011: Discrete Lab data

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2011: Discrete Underway data

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1001_Averaged

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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USGS Arctic Ocean Carbon Cruise 2010: Discrete Lab data

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months, when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive datasets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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HLY1002_Averaged

Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade. Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months, when ice melt is at its greatest extent. However, few comprehensive datasets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic ...

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Model parameter input files to study three-dimensional flow over coral reef spur-and-groove morphology

This data set consists of physics-based Delft3D-FLOW and SWAN hydrodynamic models input files used to study the wave-induced 3D flow over spur-and-groove (SAG) formations. SAG are a common and impressive characteristic of coral reefs. They are composed of a series of submerged shore-normal coral ridges (spurs) separated by shore-normal patches of sediment (grooves) on the fore reef of coral reef environments. Although their existence and geometrical properties are well documented, the literature concerning ...

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Model parameter input files to compare wave-averaged versus wave-resolving XBeach coastal flooding models for coral reef-lined coasts

This data release includes the XBeach input data files used to evaluate the importance of explicitly modeling sea-swell waves for runup. This was examined using a 2D XBeach short wave-averaged (surfbeat, XB-SB) and a wave-resolving (non-hydrostatic, XB-NH) model of Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of Marshall Islands. Results show that explicitly modelling the sea-swell component (using XB-NH) provides a better approximation of the observed runup than XB-SB (which only models the time ...

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Physics-based numerical model simulations of wave propagation over and around theoretical atoll and island morphologies for sea-level rise scenarios

Schematic atoll models with varying theoretical morphologies were used to evaluate the relative control of individual morphological parameters on alongshore transport gradients. Here we present physics-based numerical SWAN model results of incident wave transformations for a range of atoll and island morphologies and sea-level rise scenarios. Model results are presented in NetCDF format, accompanied by a README text file that lists the parameters used in each model run. These data accompany the following ...

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Near-bed velocity measurements in Monterey Bay during arrival of the 2010 Chile Tsunami

On February 27, 2010, a tsunami originating near Chile arrived in Monterey Bay, California. This data release comprises two hours of pressure and near-bed velocity data spanning the largest tsunami waves. At the time, the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center had a remotely-controlled instrumented platform deployed adjacent to the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf (mean depth 9 m) for collecting hydrodynamic and sediment transport data. In anticipation of the arrival of the tsunami, ...

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Oceanographic time-series measurements collected in the Stillaguamish River Delta, Port Susan, Washington, USA from March 2014 to July 2015

Water level, flow velocity, temperature, salinity, and turbidity were measured in a breach constructed in a flood-protection levee surrounding a restored former agricultural area in Port Susan, Washington, USA, near the mouth of the Stillaguamish River. Data were collected in a breach known as PSB1 at 15-minute intervals from March 21, 2014 to July 1, 2015 using a SonTek Argonaut-SW current meter, an In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200 pressure, conductivity, and temperature sensor, and an FTS DTS-12 turbidity sensor.

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Discharge measurements collected in the Stillaguamish River Delta, Port Susan, Washington, USA in March, April, and May 2014

Tidal water discharge within two breaches constructed in a former flood-control levee of a restored agricultural area in Port Susan, Washington, was measured repeatedly during several tidal cycles. Measurements were made on March 27, 2014, April 16, 2014, May 18, 2014, and May 29, 2014 at breach PSB1, and on May 29, 2014 at breach PSB2. These data were collected using a boat-mounted Teledyne RDI RiverRay 600 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) or a Teledyne RDI StreamPro 2000 kHz ADCP, depending on ...

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Modeled effects of depth and semidiurnal temperature fluctuations on predictions of year that coral reef locations reach annual severe bleaching for various global climate model projections

Using global climate model projections of sea-surface temperature at coral reef sites, we modeled the effects of depth and exposure to semidiurnal temperature fluctuations to examine how these effects may alter the projected year of annual severe bleaching for coral reef sites globally. Here we present the first global maps of the effects these processes have on bleaching projections for three IPCC-AR5 emissions scenarios.

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Time-series oceanographic data collected from reef flat and lagoon sediment dynamics packages in 2016 off Jurabi Point, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

Time series data of water surface elevation, wave height, water column currents and temperature, and suspended sediment were acquired for 6 weeks on a coral reef off Jurabi Point, Ningaloo Coast UNESCO World Heritage site in Western Australia in support of a study on the circulation and sediment transport patterns of these reefs.

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Time-series oceanographic data collected off Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016

Time-series data of water-surface elevation, wave height, water-column currents, temperature were acquired for 6 days off the north coast of the island of Kauai, Hawaii in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and groundwater input to the coral reefs of Makua.

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Deployments of autonomous, GPS ocean ocean-surface drifters, Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016

Satellite-tracked, DGPS-equipped Lagrangian surface-current drifter deployments were conducted over 6 days between 30 July and 4 August 2016 at various locations and stages of the tide over the coral reef off Makua, HI. The drifters internally logged their location every 1 minute, and they transmitted their positions to satellites every 5 minutes. A drogue was attached to the drifters at 1 m below sea level in order to track the currents at that depth.

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Nearshore Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profile data, Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016

Along-shore surface-based 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were collected in the nearshore region of Makua, Kauai.

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Near-surface measurements of Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data, Makua, Kauai, USA, August 2016

Transects of near-surface seawater properties were collected over the fringing reef off Makua, HI, on the north shore of Kauai using a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) logger, either hand-carried or mounted to a kayak. The instrument returns temperature, salinity as a function of depth, and latitude/longitude.

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Wave observations from bottom-mounted pressure sensors in Skagit Bay, Washington from Dec 2017 to Feb 2018

RBRduo pressure and temperature sensors (early 2015 generation), mounted on aluminum frames, were moored in shallow (< 6 m) water depths in Skagit Bay to capture wave heights and periods. Continuous pressure fluctuations are transformed into surface-wave observations of wave heights, periods, and frequency spectra at 30-minute intervals.

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Wave observations from bottom-mounted pressure sensors in Bellingham Bay, Washington from Dec 2017 to Jan 2018

RBRduo pressure and temperature sensors (early 2015 generation), mounted on aluminum frames, were moored in shallow (< 6 m) water depths in Bellingham Bay, Washington, to capture wave heights and periods. Continuous pressure fluctuations are transformed into surface-wave observations of wave heights, periods, and frequency spectra at 30-minute intervals.

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Time series data of oceanographic conditions from La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 2017-2018 Coral Reef Circulation and Sediment Dynamics Experiment

Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and salinity collected between 17 May 2017 and 17 Jan 2018 off the southwest coast of Puerto Rico in support of a study on circulation and sediment transport dynamics over coral reefs. The data are available in NetCDF format, grouped together in zip files by instrument site location. A README.txt file details the files contained within each zip, including the file names, type of data collected, instrument that collected the data, ...

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Hydrodynamic and sediment transport model of San Francisco Bay, California, Nov-Dec 2014

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model of San Pablo and Suisun Bays was constructed using the Delft3D4 (D3D) modeling suite (Deltares, 2021a) to simulate water levels, flow, waves, and suspended sediment for time period of Nov 1 to Dec 31, 2014. This data release describes the construction and validation of the model application and provides input files suitable to run the model on D3D software version 4.04.01.

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Time-series oceanographic data of currents and waves from bottom-mounted instrument packages off Waiakane, Molokai, HI, 2018

Time series data of water surface elevation, wave height, and water column currents and temperature were acquired at seven locations for 86 days off of Waiakane on the south coast of the island of Molokai, Hawaii, in support of a study on the coastal circulation patterns and the transformation of surface waves over the coral reefs.

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